LESSON 11 : CONDITIONALS

A. Grammar
Loại Mệnh đê - IF Mệnh đề chính
S + V (s/es) -Sự thật hiển nhiên
0 S + V (s,es)
V......./ Don’t V..... -Thói quen hiện tại
S + Vos/es (to be: S + will /can /may/must + Có thể xảy ra trong TL
I
am/is/are) Vo
S + Voed (to be: S + would/could/might + Trái với hiện tại
II
were) Vo
S + would/could/might + Trái với quá khứ
III S + had + V3ed
have + V3ed
Hốn S + would/could/might + ĐK trái với QK =>
S + had + V3ed
hợp Vo KQ trái với HT

-I am doing the homework, so I can’t go out.

If I were not doing ..., I could go out.
- I were sleeping then, so I didn’t answer you.
If I had not been sleeping then, I could have answer you.
 Lưu ý:
- Có thể bỏ If nếu trợ động từ đứng trước động từ như: ( Inversions)
If it stops raining = Should it stop raining. ( Đảo)
If I were rich = Were I rich ( Đảo)/ Were I to begin now
If he had known = Had he known ( Đảo)
- Unless = If… not…
These plants will die unless you water them regularly.
These plants will die if you don’t water them regularly.
- Provided/ propviding (that); On condition (that); As long as; So long as (miễn là,
với điều kiện là…)
- Suppose, supposing: giả sử
- In case: trong trường hợp, phòng khi, nhỡ mà
- Even if: dù là, cho là
VD: I’ll accept the job provided the salary is satisfactory.
In case I forget, please remind me ò my promise.
Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
Even if we had been invited, we could not have come because we were
very busy.
- Had it not been for....
- S + V(hiện tại) ...... + otherwise + S + would/could + V
- S + V(quả khứ) ...... + otherwise + S + would/ could + have + Vpp
-  S + V + As if/As though + S +V ( Sự thật hiển nhiên)
- S + Ved +As if/ as through + S+ had+ Vpp
- S + V-s/-es + As if/As though + S +V2/-ed ( Dùng với tình huống giả định)

B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer
1. If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you
have.
A. have B. would have C. had had D. should have
2. I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit
3. ………more help, I could call my neighbor.
A. needed B. should I need C. I have neeeded D. I should need
4. ………then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the
years.
A. had I known B. did I know C. If I know D. If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people……….the same language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,………this incident again.
A. I will never mention B. I never mention C. will I never mention D. I don’t
mention
7. I didn’t know you were asleep. Otherwise, I……….so much noise when I came in.
A. didn’t make B. wouldn’t have made C. won’t make D.
don’t make
8. Unless you………all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I…….….it.
A. would have never believed B. don’t believe C. hadn’t believed D. can’t believe
10. If Jake………..to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t
agree
11. When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he………..my mind.
A. would read B. had read C. reads D. can read
12. If you……….., I’d have brought my friends over to your house to watch T.V, but I didn’t want
to bother you.
A. had studied B. studied C. hadn’t been studying D. didn’t study
13. I wish I…….….you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. will lend
14. If someone ……..…in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes B. came C. would come D. could come
15. “Here’s my phone number”. “Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I ………….some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed
16. If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I………...in a bank.
A. would be working B. will work C. have worked D. work
17. The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions…………improved.
A. was B. is C. were D. had been
18. The education in Japan…….…..if the basic principles of education had not been taken into
consideration.
A. would go down B. would have gone down C. went down D. had gone down
19. If there………., the ricefields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water B. were enough water C. would be enough water D.
are enough water
20. The patient could not recover unless he……..…an operation.
A. had undergone B. would undergo C. underwent D. was undergoing
21. If she……..…..him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet B. will meet C. is meeting D. could meet
22. If he…………..a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I………..…abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have gone
24. The bench would collapse if they……………on it.
A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands
25. If it…………convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,
A. be B. is C. was D. were
26. If you………..…time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
27. I shouldn’t go there at night if I…………..you.
A. am B. was C. be D. were
28. If I……….….get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
29. If you had the chance, ………..….you go fishing?
A. did B. may C. would D. do
30. If you ………....a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
31. She will acept the offer if you persuade her.
A. unless B. because C. provided that D. otherwise
32. If he were here, he would accompany you on the piano.
A. Supposing he were here B. because he were here C. were he here
D. Both A and C
33. If she had gone abroad, she would have let you know.
A. had gone she abroad B. had she gone abroad C. she had gone abroad
D. did she go abroad
34. Trees won’t grow…………….there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
35. …………….she agreed, you would have done it.
A. if B. had C. should D. would
36. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he ……….…in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn’t fail C. wouldn’t have failed D.
won’t fail
37. If I had taken that English course, I……….….much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D. would make
38. If I were in your place, I………...a trip to England.
A. will make B. had made C. would make D. made
39. If you inherited a million pounds, what……….….with the money?
A. are you going to do B. will you do C. would you do D. do you
do
40. If you…………...as I told you, you……….….in such predicament now.
A. did/would not be B. had done/had not beenC. had done /would not be D.
do/would not be
41. Come and work for my company if you……….….better to do.
A. have nothing B. will have nothing C. had something D. had
nothing
42. If you had done as I told you, I think you……….…….
A. would succeed B. would have succeeded C-could succed D. had
succeeded
43. If he had got half a mark more, he ……………in the exam.
A. wouldn’t fail B. wouldn’t have failed C. won’t fail D.
won’t be failing
44. If it………….… tomorrow, we may postpone going.
A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining
45. If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you……….…sleepy now.
A. wouldn’t have been B. would’t have been being C. would have not been D. might
not be
46. If you ……….….as I told you, you ………….sorry now.
A. did/would not be B. had done/had not beenC. had done/would not be D.
do/would not be
47. If I…….…, I will let you know .
A. am staying B. will stay C. do stay D. would stay
48. “Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the hollidays?”. “No, but if I…….…the time,
I’d definitely go”.
A. have B. had C. have had D. would
have
49. “It’s really raining”. “Yes. If the weather……..……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”.
A. would get worse B. might get worse C. get worse D. should get
worse
50. “Why did you only send twenty dollats in the mail?”. “If I had had more money,
I…………..given you more.”
A. will have B. would have C. would D. have
51. “My boss made me work overtime again”. “If I were you, I…………..….my job”.
A. would quit B. will quit C. must quit D. quit
52. “Thanks for your help”. “……….….want more information, call again tomorrow”.
A-were you B. had you to C. might you D. should
you
53. “Remember the day I drove you to the airport?”. “If you hadn’t ………..…me, I would have
been late”.
A. take B. taking C. took D. taken
54. “Sally finally got here from Chicago”. “If she had come earlier, we………….…taken her to the
play”.
A. would be B. would have C. have had D. would had
55. “I don’t know whether (cho dù) to take that mathematics course or not”. “If ………………you,
I’d take it”.
A. I am B. I will be C. I had been you D. I were
56. “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus”. “…….…, we would
have picked you up”.
A. Had we known B. If we have known C. We had known D. If we did
know
57. “It’s beginning to rain”. “………….., we won’t be able to finish the ball game”.
A. If it stops B. Should it stop C. Unless it stops D. If it didn’t stop
58. “Did you need help with your math last night?”. “If I had, I…………..…you”.
A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will call
59. “I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do”. “……….…..what you
want and I can get it for you”.
A. tell me B. if you would say me C. you will tell to me
D. if you tell me ( D chỉ đúng khi không có “And”)
60. “John went to the hospital alone”. “If ……………., Iwould have gone with him”.
A. had he told me B. he had told me C. he has told me D. he would tell me
Exercise 2. Choose the best answer
1. She can’t get home ___ she has no money. A. unless B. if
C. until D. without
2. If I had known your new address, we ___to see you. A. came B. will come C. would
come D. would have come
3. If we took the 10:30 train, ___.
A. we would arrive too early B.we should arrive too early C.we will arrive too early
D.we may arrive too early
4. I wouldn’t go there at night if I ___ you. A. am B. was C. were D. had been
5. If they had enough time, they ___ head south.A. will B. can
C. must D. might
6. If you ___ a choice, which country would you visit? A. have B. had C. have had
D. will have
7. Trees won’t grow ___ there is enough water. A. if B. when C. unless
D. as
8. If you ___ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.
A. want B. wanted C. had wanted D. wants
9. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ___.
A.might be saved B.have been saved C.was saved D.might have
been saved
10. If there ___, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water B. were enough water C. would
be enough water D. are enough water
11.If Jake ______ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
12.If energy _________ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be
different.
A. is B. will be C. would be D. were
13. The patient could not recover unless he ___ an operation.
A. had undergone B. would undergo C. underwent D. was
undergoing
14. If he __a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
 A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
15. If I had enough money, I ___ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have
to go
16. If it ___ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight. A. be B. is C. was D.
were
17. If you ___ time, please write to me. A. have B. had C. have had
D. has
18. If it ___ tomorrow, we may postpone (hoãn) going on a picnic.
A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining
19. If you hadn t watched that late mivie last night, you ___ sleepy now.
’

A. wouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be C. might have

not been D. wouldn t have been being
’

20. If you ___ as I told you, you ___ sorry now.

A. did-would not be B. had done-had not been C. do–would not be D. had done–
would not be
21. If only I ___ him now. A. see B. saw C. have seen
D. seen
Exercise 3. Choose the best answer
22. If I ___, I’ll let you know. A. am staying B. will stay C. do stay
D. would stay
23. If only I ___ you wanted to invest money in business.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
24. Linda wishes she ___her car. A. hasn t sold
’
B. hadn t sold C.doesn’t sell
’

D. won’t sell
25. He looked frightened as if he___a ghost. A. had seen B. saw
C. would see D. was seeing
26. I wish it ___ a holiday today. A. were B. will be C. is D.
had been
27. If I ___ as young as you are, I ___ in a boat round the world.
A.were-would sail B.would be–would sail C.were- will sail D.would-
would sail
28. If he___tickets yesterday, he ___ on the beach now.
A. had booked - would be lying B. had booked - would have lied
C. booked – would lie D. books - will lie
29. “He s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I ___ his courage.”
’

A. have B. had C. will have D.

would have
30. We ___ the game if we’d had a few more minutes.
A. might have won B. won C. had won D. will win
31. I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn t get along with each other.
’

A. hadn’t brought B. didn ’t bring C. wouldn’t have brought D.

won t bring
’

32. If you __to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t have been in this mess.
A. listen B. will listen C. had listened
D.listen
33. I ___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit
34. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people_____the same
language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
35. Unless you ___ all of my questions, I can t do anything to help you.
’

A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering

36. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ___ it.
A.would never have believed B.don’t believe C.hadn’t believed D.can’t believe
37. If Jake ___ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A.doesn’t agree B.didn ’t agree C.hadn’t agreed D.wouldn’t
agree
38 . If I find it, I _________you. A. will tell B. would tell C. had told D.
told.
39. If I _______, I would have said hello. A. had seen B. see C. saw D.
would see.
40. I________out if I hadn’t been so tired. A. will go B. went C. would have gone D.
would go.
41. I would have visited you before if there quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
42. If you had caught the bus, you late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
43. If I , I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been
asked D. asked
44. If as I told her, she would have succeeded.A.she has done B.she had done C.
she does D.she did
45. Will you be angry if I your pocket dictionary? A.stole B. have stolen C. were to
steal D.steal
Exercise 4:
1. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It better if you to her.
A. would have been / hadn't lied C. would be / didn't lie B. will be / don't lie D.
would be / hadn't lied
2. John would be taking a great risk if he his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
3. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we her to.
A. wouldn’t advise C. won't advise B. hadn't advised D. didn't
advise
4. If the tree hadn't been so high, he it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed
5. If the wall weren't so high, he it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
6. If I her phone number, I her.
A. had known / could have phoned B. know / can phone C. knew / would have phoned
D. knew / could phone
7. If we to London when we in England, you would have never seen
Big Ben.
 A. hadn't gone / were B. went / were C. went / are D. go / are
8. If you press that button what ?A. would happen B. would have happened C.
will happen D. happen
9. She says if she that the traffic lights were red she .
A. had realized / would stop C. realized / could
have stopped
10. I am very thin. I think, if I smoking, I might get fat. A.stop B. had stopped
C.will stop D.stopped
11. If I that yesterday, I them.
A. had discovered / would inform C. had discovered / would have informed
B. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform
12. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we _______here.
A. wouldn't stop B. wouldn't have stopped C. would have stopped D. would
stop
13. “Did he study yesterday?” “No, but if he _________, he would have done better on
today’s test.”
A. had B. has C. will study D. had done
14. My sister_______ you the technique of weaving if you ask her.
A. would show B. shows C. will show D.
showed

Exercise 5: Give the correct form of the verbs.

1. You are late. If you came (come) a few minutes earlier, you would meet (meet)
him.
2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be (be) much easier.
3. I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I had had (have) time.
4. What would you do if you won (win) a million pounds?
5. If you didn’t do this, you would be (be) punished.
6. If he had told me the truth, I would have punished (punish) him.
7. “What do you think about the U.S?”
“If I had known it was so industrialized (Công nghiệp hóa). I would have been
(be)come here”
8. If they had not given me advice, I would have failed (fail) again.
9. If it rains (rain) the match will be postponed
10. I would have met you at the bus terminal if I had known (know)that you were
arriving.
11. If there had been (be) no floods last year, the crop would have been (be) better.
12. I don’t have enough time. If I had (have) more time, I would come (come) to see
you.
13. Peter failed the final exam. If he had worked (work) harder, he would have
succeeded (succeed)
14. If he were (be) taller, he would be (be) able to join the police.
15. If I had known it would rain, I would have taken (take) my umbrellA.
Exercise 6: Choose the best option.
1. If I were you, I_________that.
A. would apply for B. will ask for C. will have changed D. can take
 2. If I_________a wish. I’d wish for happiness for my family.
A. have B. been having C. had D. was having
3. If we had had time, we_________to the party.
A. can go B. will go C. would have gone D. will have
gone
4. We couldn’t understand th teacher if he_________too fast.
A. spoke B. has spoken C. doesn’t speak D. didn’t
speak
5. If everything is all right, we_________our work on time.
A. complete B. are completing C. have completed D. will complete
6. What_________if the Earth suddenly stopped going around the Sun?
A. happens B. will happen C. would happen D.
happenned
7. Unless you_________quiet, I’ll scream.
A. don’t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn’t keep
8. You’ll be able to speak English well if you_________harD.
A. study B. studied C. would study D. had
studied
9. If I_________you, I _________invitation.
A. am/will refuse B. was/will refuse C. were/would refuse D. had
been/will refuse
10. _________, I’d have told you the answer.
A. If you asked me B. Had you asked me C. You had asked me
D. Unless you asked me
11. I didn’t try hard, so I didn’t succeed.
A. If I tried hard, I would succeed. B. If I had tried hard, I would
succeed.
C. If I tried hard, I would have succeeded. D. If I had tried hard, I would have
succeeded.
12. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, she would get a cold.
A. If mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn’t get a cold.
B. If mary had worn the raincoat, she didn’t get a cold.
C. If mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold.
D. If mary has worn the raincoat, she won’t have got a cold.
13. I haven’t got money, so I’m not going on holiday.
A. Having no money made me go on holiday. B. Not
having money on my holiday got me down.
C. If I have money, I’ll go on holiday. D. If I had money, I
would go on holiday.
14. We didn't go on holiday last year because we didn't have enough money.
A. If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t have gone on holiday last year.
B. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday last year.
C. If we hadn't had enough money, we would have gone on holiday last year.
D. Unless we had enough money, we would go on holiday last year.
15. If I had enough money, …….
 A. I will buy that house B. I could buy that
house
C. I can buy that house D. I am buy that
house