CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

I.Câu điều kiện loại 1 (Câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại)
 Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
 Công thức:
Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề chính
Simple present Future
If + S + V(s/es), S + will + V …
1. If I have the money, I will buy a new car.
2. If Mary calls, I’ll invite her to the concert.
II. Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề chính
Simple past S + would/should/could/might +
If + S + V_qk, V_inf

1. If I had the money, I would buy a motorcycle. (but now I don’t have enough
money)
2. If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(He speaks very quickly.) (You can’t understand him)
NOTE: Động từ “to be” sau if ở mẫu câu này phải chia làm “were“ ở tất cả các
ngôi.
Ví dụ: If I were you, I wouldn’t do such a thing.
(but I’m not you.)
III. Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề chính
If + Past perfect (S + had + PP) S + would/should/could/might +
have + PP
1. If I had known you were sick, I would have made you some soup.
2. If you had been here yesterday, you could have seen Pam.
*Đặc biệt: Unless, có nghĩa tương tự như “if not”, cũng có thể được dùng trong
mệnh đề điều kiện.
Hai câu sau có nghĩa tương tự:
Ví dụ: If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the lake = Unless it rains, we’ll go to the lake.
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG:
Exercise 1: Supply the correct tense of the verb in parentheses.
1. If today (be) ……………….. Sunday, we would go to the beach.
2. If we (invite)………….. her, she might go dancing with us.
3. If I finish the work in time, I (go)…………. to the football game.
4. If he (have) ………….. your address, he would have written to you.
5. Unless they (pass)…………………. their examinations, they would join the
army.
6. If he had told them the truth, they (not punish) ………………… him.
7. These plants will die if you (not water) …………………. them regularly.
8. What you (do)………. if she refuses your invitation?
9. He never does his homework. If he (do) …………. his homework, he (not
worry) …………. about his examinations.
10.It’s too bad we lost the game. If you (play) …….. for us, we …………(win).
11. If we keep our environment clean, we (live) …………………. a happier
and healthier life.
12. If Mrs. Hoa (write) …………….. a shopping list, she will not forget what to
buy.
13. If he (be) ………………… rich, he would travel around the world.
14. She (buy) …………………. a new car if she had much money.
15. Mrs Lan will join us if she (finish)……………. her work early.
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer
1. If I ………. a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.
a. have /will buy b. have / would buy c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy.
2. If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
a. am/ will b. were /would c. were/ will d. had been/ would.
3. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
a. take b. will take c. would take d. would have taken.
4. I would be very surprised if he……………..
a. refuses b. refused c. had refused d. would refuse.
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory……….. down.
 a. closes b. had closed c. closed d. would close.
6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
a. gets b. would get c. will get d. would have got.
7. They would be disappointed if we…………….
a. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come c. don’t come d. didn’t come.
8. Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking?
a. take b. took c. had taken d. would take.
9. She ………. terrible upset if I lost this ring.
a. will be b. would be c. were d. had been.
10. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a. would walk b. walks c. had walked d. walked.
11. What would happen if you …………….. to work tomorrow?
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. won’t go d. wouldn’t go.
12. We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
a. go b. did go c. went d. had gone.
13. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought.
14. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told.
15. What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
a. would win b. win c. had won d. won.
16. They ‘d be hurt if I ……………….
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. hadn’t gone d. wouldn’t go.
17. If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.
a. would have arrived b. arrived c. will arrived d.
would arrive.
18. If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
a. will go b. would go c. went d. would have gone.
19. If I …………., I would have said hello.
a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see.
20. I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a. will go b. went c. would have gone d. would go.
21. If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had.
22. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
 a. as long as b. unless c. if d. whether.
23. If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business
a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know.
24. If I were to leave my country, I ……………disappointed.
a. probably be b. would have been c. will be d. would be.
25.If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination.
a. would fail b. wouldn’t fail c. wouldn’t have failed. d. won’t fail.
26.If I had taken that English course, I ……….. much progress.
a. had made b. would have made c. made d. would
make.
27.If I were in your place, I ………. a trip to England.
a. will make b. had made c. made. d. would make.
28.If I ………….. you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.
a. be b. were c. am d. was
29.If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
a. had been b. have been c. has been d. been
30.If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go b. should go c. would go d. should have go to
Exercise 3: Rewrite, using the cues given
1.People don’t do enough exercise, so there is a lot of heart disease.
→If people………………………………………………………………
2.We didn’t visit the museum because we hadn’t time.
→ ………………………………………………………………
3.We didn’t go by air only because we hadn’t enough money.
→If we………………………………………………………………
4.The weather is bad, so we can’t go for a walk.
→ If ………………………………………………………………
5.If she doesn’t hurry, she will be late for school.
→ Unless.................................................................................................................
6.My brother didn’t buy that car because he didn’t have enough money.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
7. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
8.My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If________________________________________________
9.She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If________________________________________________
10.The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.
→ If________________________________________________
11.The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
12.He is busy right now. So he can’t help them.
→ If________________________________________________
13.I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If.........................................................................................................................
14.He is not a good student. He doesn't study every day.
→ If________________________________________________
15.It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
→ If ________________________________________________