Enzymes Prepared by:

Dyari Waleed - Matin Azad

Elaf Jaafar     - Zhilan Salih
Bewar Aziz    - Base Binyamin
      Asma Maghdeed
  Ahmed Mohammed saeed

Supervised by: Dr. Dilaram MLT department 2nd stage

Abstract
What are enzymes?

What do enzymes do?

Classification of Enzymes

How many types of Enzymes do we have?

What are the parts of an enzyme?

How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?

What health conditions can enzyme problems cause?

How are enzyme tests used to diagnose health conditions?

Do I need to take enzyme supplements?

Why we usually see ‘Three main types of enzymes’ ? 

What is digestive enzyme insufficiency?

And results
Introduction
Enzymes:- Enzymes are proteins that help speed
up chemical reactions in our bodies

Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can

cause health problems, Enzymes in our blood can
also help healthcare providers check for injuries
and diseases.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up
metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.
They build some substances and break others down.
All living things have enzymes.

Our bodies naturally produce enzymes. But enzymes

are also in manufactured products and food.

Enzymes also help with:
Breathing.
Building muscle.
Nerve function.
Ridding our bodies of toxins.
What do
enzymes do?
One of the most important roles of
enzymes is to aid in digestion.
Digestion is the process of turning
the food we eat into energy.
 Classification of
Enzymes
1. An enzyme has two names. The first one is the
recommended name for daily use. The second is
the more systematic full name that is used when
the enzyme is to be identified in case of
uncertainty.

2. Systematic name: According to this nomenclature,

enzymes are divided into 6 classes.
How many types of
Enzymes do we have?

Each category carries out a

general type of reaction but
catalyzes many different specific
reactions within their own
category
 Oxidoreductases Transferases

There are six Hydrolases Lyases

main categories
of enzymes Isomerases Lygases
Discussion
What are the parts of an
enzyme?
Each enzyme has an “active site.” This area has a
unique shape. The substance an enzyme works
on is a substrate. The substrate also has a unique
shape. The enzyme and the substrate must fit
together to work.
How do temperature and pH
affect enzymes?
Enzymes need the right conditions to
work
.

pH: Enzymes are sensitive to acidity

and alkalinity
Temperature: Enzymes work best when
your body temperature is normal,
about 98.6°F
 Metabolic disorders are often the result of not having enough of a
certain enzyme. Parents can pass them to their children through
genes (inherited). Some examples of inherited metabolic disorders
include:
What health .

conditions can Fabry disease prevents body from making enzymes that break
enzyme problems down fat

cause? Krabbe disease affects enzymes needed for the protective

covering on nerve cells
Maple syrup urine disease affects enzymes needed to break
down certain branch chain amino acids
 How are enzyme tests used to diagnose health conditions?

Your healthcare provider can use a variety of enzyme

and protein blood tests to check for certain health
conditions

People without chronic health conditions can

usually get the enzymes they need from a
healthy diet
Do I need to take
enzyme
supplements?
Some medications affect
enzyme levels

Statins can raise liver

enzymes and muscle
enzymes
WHEN TO CALL A DOCTOR
You won’t know if you have an enzyme problem without a blood test
.

Abdominal pain

Bloating or gas

Diarrhea

Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Unexplained weight loss

Low red blood counts

Gastrointestinal bleeding
Why we usually see ‘Three main types of enzymes’
?

Amylase (made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex

carbohydrates)

Lipase (made in the pancreas; breaks down fats)

Protease (made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins)
What is digestive enzyme
insufficiency?
Some people don’t have enough digestive enzymes, or
their bodies don’t release the enzymes as they should
.

Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency: You don’t

have enough sucrase to digest certain sugars

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: EPI occurs when

your pancreas doesn’t produce enough of the
enzymes necessary to digest carbohydrates, proteins
and fats

Lactose intolerance: Your body doesn’t produce

enough lactase, so you might have problems
digesting the sugar naturally found in milk and dairy
products
 Belly pain or cramps

Bloating

Symptoms of Diarrhea
Digestive Enzyme
Gas
Insufficiency
Oily stools

Unexplained weight loss

Symptoms of Digestive
Enzyme Insufficiency
Talk to your doctor if these symptoms
are persisting
What conditions can cause
digestive enzyme insufficiency?
Some enzyme insufficiencies are genetic, which
means they’re the result of an abnormal gene
.

Chronic pancreatitis

Cystic fibrosis

Gastrointestinal surgeries

Pancreatic cancer

Any condition that disrupts your pancreas

Result

Sometimes people confuse enzymes
and probiotics
Without good gut bacteria, you might
experience symptoms similar to those
of an enzyme insufficiency, such as
bloating or gas, due to abnormal
bacterial overgrowth or imbalance in
your intestines
 Many people take over-the-counter digestive
enzyme supplements for problems such as acid
reflux, gas, bloating and diarrhea

Denhard says it’s important to keep in mind that

these over-the-counter digestive enzyme
Over-the-counter supplements aren’t regulated by the FDA

digestive enzymes
“Overall, a healthy person really doesn’t need to
take digestive enzyme supplements,” Denhard
explains
Can I get digestive enzymes from the food I eat?
There’s no real evidence to suggest that enzyme-rich foods such
as pineapples and avocados help your digestion

Denhard suggests cutting highly processed, fatty foods from your

diet, especially fried foods
Thank You
Sources
https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/52160/mod_resource/content/1/Enzymes-
1.pdf

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/digestive-enzymes-
and-digestive-enzyme-supplements

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554481/

questions about enzymes

https://amfep.org/about-enzymes/

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21532-enzymes