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Powerpoint Thecardiovascularsystem Anatomyandphysiology 141126132329 Conversion Gate01
Powerpoint Thecardiovascularsystem Anatomyandphysiology 141126132329 Conversion Gate01
Myocardium
◦ Composed of bands of involuntary striated
muscle fibers
Endocardium
◦ Thin layer of tissue lining the inside of the heart
Atria
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Ventricles
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Intraventricular septum
Tricuspid valve
Circumflex Artery
1) Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena
cava, flowing into the right atrium.
2) The blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right
ventricle.
3) It then passes through the pulmonic semilunar valve, entering
the pulmonary artery of the pulmonary circulation.
4) It flows through the pulmonary bed of the right and left lungs to
the pulmonary vein, reentering the heart at the left atrium.
5) It then flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.
6) Passing through the aortic semilunar valve, the blood enters the
aorta and systemic vascular system.
Anterior descending artery
Circumflex artery
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Anterior tibial
Peroneal artery
Posterior tibial
Circle of Willis
Internal carotids
External carotids
Common carotids
Vertebral arteries
Microcirculation
Maintains constant environment for the cells and
tissues
Diastolic pressure
Normal value
o CVP: < 6 mmHg
o Right atrial pressure (RAP): 2 - 6 mmHg
Used to assess filling pressure of the left side
of heart
Measured by flow-directed, balloon-tipped
catheter
Measures
◦ Pulmonary artery pressures – systolic, diastolic,
mean
◦ Right ventricular preload (via right atrial pressure)
◦ Right ventricular afterload (via PA systolic pressure)
Normal values
CI = CO
BSA
Normal range: 2.5 - 4.0 L/min per square meter
SV = EDV –ESV
EF= SV
EDV
◦ Positive inotropism
◦ Negative inotropism