Philippine Music Types and Influence

Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
College of Business and Accountancy
Sibalom, Antique
First Semester, 2022 – 2023
Date of Reporting: December 01, 2022
Medium of Instruction: □ F2F □ Virtual
Course: GEE 7 Arts and Humanities
Title: Philippine Music
Subtopics: A. Types of Music
B. The Ethnic Tradition
C. Spanish Colonial Influence
D. American Colonial to the Contemporary Music in the Philippines
Discussants: Group 1
1. Trina Joy T. Brequillo
2. Eliza Peligro
3. John Carlo Bayog
4. Cherry Nel Tolentino
5. Marl Alrich Zamora
6. Maricon Fadol
7.
Instructor: Ms. Gemenee T. Vitudio
I. Introduction:
Filipinos are known to be great musicians worldwide. This is due to their dedication and intense love for
music. Even from its pre-Hispanic life. Filipinos expressed themselves through their ethnic musical
instruments.
Music of the Philippines are performance arts composed in various genre and styles. The music of the
Philippines is a mixture of indigenous, other Asian, European, Latin American, and American influences.
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II. Discussion
Lesson 1
Type of Music
What is Music?
Music is the pattern of sounds produced by people singing or playing instruments.Music is the collection
of coordinated sound or sounds. Music is the process of putting sounds and tones in an order, often
combining them to create a unified composition. People who make music creatively organize sounds for a
desired result, like a Beethoven symphony or one of Duke Ellington's jazz songs. Music is made of sounds,
vibrations, and silent moments, and it doesn't always have to be pleasant or pretty. It can be used to convey
a whole range of experiences, environments, and emotions.
1. Rock
✓ Otherwise known as ‘Rock & Roll,’ rock music has been a popular genre since the early 1950s. Rock
music has its roots in string instruments. However, the genre now includes modern instruments; therefore,
it is hard to give rock music an accurate definition. Characterized by loud, strong guitars and charismatic
rock stars, some of the world’s greatest musicians have paved their way to fame via rock music.
Some of the greatest music artists of all time were considered rock stars. These include John Lennon, Jim
Morrison, Elvis Presley, Freddie Mercury, and Mick Jagger.
2. Jazz
✓ Identifiable with blues and swing notes, Jazz has origins in European and West African culture.
Originating in the late 19th to early 20th century, Jazz has played a historical role in empowering female
performers, particularly during times of repression. To this day, Jazz remains an important and symbolic
musical genre.
Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Ella Fitzgerald are considered jazz music pioneers.
3. Electronic Dance Music
✓ Typically referred to as EDM, this type of music is created by DJs who mix a range of beats and tones to
create unique music. Electronic Dance Music is popular in dance clubs, especially in the form of live DJs, who
will mix hundreds of different tracks in one session.
Artists such as The Chemical Brothers, Fat Boy Slim, and Underworld made dance music a chart sensation
during the 1990s.
4. Dubstep
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✓ Dubstep is an electronic dance music subgenre that originated in the late 1990s’ in South London.
Dubstep can be characterized by syncopated rhythmic patterns combined with prominent sub-bass
frequencies. Music lovers consider dubstep to be a darker form of dance music. That said, since the late
1990s, dubstep has quickly found a place as one of the top music genres.
Two of the most popular contemporary dubstep artists are Flux Pavillion and Skrillex.
5. Techno
✓ Techno is yet another sub-genre of electronic dance music. This genre became popular in Germany
towards the end of the 1980s and was heavily influenced by house music, funk, synthpop, and futuristic
fiction. Detroit techno is said to be the foundation of the techno genre, and it’s a genre you may have
listened to when out clubbing. In recent years, technology has significantly enhanced the quality of techno
music, giving the genre a surge in popularity.
Carl Cox and Paul Oakenfold are two of techno music’s highest earners.
6. Rhythm and Blues (R&B)
✓ R & B is one of the world’s top music genres combining gospel, blues, and jazz influences. The genre was
made famous by African American artists, and the term ‘rhythm and blues’ was coined in 1947 by Billboard
magazine’s Jerry Wexler.
✓ Before this, R & B was known as ‘race music,’ a term that originated in the African American community
but was deemed offensive in the postwar world. In 1948, RCA records marketed R&B under the name ‘Blues
and Rhythm.’ However, these words were reversed by Atlantic Records, the most dominant R & B label,
when this genre became popular.
Usher, Beyonce, Rihanna, and Mariah Carey are some of the most prominent artists in the R&B genre.
7. Country
✓ Country music is another one of the world’s top music genres. Originating in the 1920s, Country has its
roots in western music and American folk. Country music can be defined by its unique vocal style combined
with steel guitars, mandolins, and mouth organs.
Artists such as Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash, and Kenny Rogers are some of the most famous Country music
artists of all time.
8. Pop
✓ The term ‘Pop’ is derived from the word ‘popular.’ Therefore, Pop music is a genre that contains music
generally favored throughout society. Pop has its roots in rock and roll style music, including influences
from many other genres, from country and Latin to urban and dance.
Drums, electric guitars, and synthesizers are all instruments commonly used in ‘Pop’ songs.
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Artists such as Madonna, Britney Spears, Lady Gaga, and Justin Bieber can all be considered pop music
icons.
FORMS OF MUSIC:
1.) Pinoy Rock(Filipino Rock Music)

Pinoy rock, or Filipino rock, is the brand of rock music produced in the Philippines or by Filipinos. It has
become as diverse as the rock music genre itself, and bands adopting this style are now further classified
under more specific genres or combinations of genres like alternative rock, post-grunge, ethnic, new
wave, pop rock, punk rock, funk, reggae, heavy metal, ska, and recently, indie. Because these genres are
generally considered to fall under the broad rock music category, Pinoy rock may be more specifically
defined as rock music with Filipino cultural sensibilities.
Example: Ang Huling El Bimbo, by Eraserheads
2.) Original Philippine Music(OPM)

- refers to any musical composition with or
without lyrics, originally created by a, Filipino, whether the lyrics be in Pilipino, English or other foreign
languages, or any other Philippine dialect.
- OPM Means One, that the filipino is one. we have our own culture, tradition, belief and we have our own
authentic music.
Example: Forevermore by Slide A
Lesson 2:
THE ETHNIC TRADITION
✓ The diversity of ethnic musical traditions arises from several significant historical events. The
Philippines had proto-Malays as the first inhabitants, followed by settlers from mainland and insular
Southeast Asia. In essence, the separate regional settlements in the country were a result of this wave of
migration (Anupol, 2007).
✓ The Chinese, Malay, Indonesian and Arab merchants started dynamic trading with the people of Mai
(now Mindoro). With the trading, the merchants not only traded goods but also religious and social ideas.
Indian culture was very much evident and had a strong imprint on the 14th century in the Island of Sulu.
Musical Characteristics
✓ Indigenous music can be instrumental or vocal and this musical tradition marked rites of passage and
life-cycle events for the early Filipinos.
✓ In celebrations, instrumental playing is common whereas solo instrument playing is done for courting
or self-entertainment.
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✓ The Islamic music tradition, which is part of the ethnic tradition, is largely based on the practices of the
pre-Islamic cultures of the southern part of the Philippines
Filipino Ethnic group in Luzon :
Igorot
The Igorots are found in the Cordillera Administrative

Region (CAR). This ethnic group in Cordillera made some
of the Philippine destinations popular such as the Banaue
Rice Terraces which is one of the UNESCO World Heritage
Sites. They have strong beliefs and ethnic tradition in the
Philippines, and highly respect their anito.
Ivatan
One of the most popular ethnolinguistic groups in the

Philippines are the Ivatans because of their notable traits
such as hard working and honesty. Most tourists who
explore the Philippines consider the Ivatans as the
kindest locals. This ethnic in the Philippines is found
in Batanes and their way of living is very simple.
Mangyan
Of all the different ethnic groups in the Philippines,

Mangyans are the ones found in Mindoro provinces
which are divided into eight groups. To this day,
Mangyan is still practicing their old traditions and
culture in the hopes of preserving them. One of their
traditions is writing ambahan (a form of poem) and
they carve it in bamboo.
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Ethnic Groups in Visayas:
Cebuano
Cebuanos are one of the major ethnic groups in the

Philippines. Most of these people live in Cebu and some
parts of Mindanao. They are known for being creative,
soft-spoken, and calm.
Suludnon
The Suldnon Filipino ethnicity is popular for their cultural dance Binanog where they mimic the movements
of the eagle while using the agung. This example of ethnic group in the Philippines lives in Capiz-Lambunao.
Ethnic Groups in Mindanao
Maranao
Maranao is derived from the phrase “lawa ng Lanao

del Sur at Lanao del Norte” which means lake of
Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. This Filipino
ethnicity made the traditional
clothing malong popular across the country.
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T’boli
T’Boli is one of the ethnolinguistic groups in Mindanao

that are very popular. They are known for their
beautiful and colorful traditional clothing called
T’Nalak. This Filipino ethnic group lives in South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat.
Tausug
The Tausug people are one of the 5 ethnic groups in

the Philippines that are notable. Known as the People
of the Current, Tausugs live above the sea of Sulu with their floating houses.
Bagobo
It is believed that the Bagobos are the first to

encounter Spanish colonizers. However, the
Spanish failed to colonize them. The Bagobos
mostly live in Davao.
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Classification of the Philippines Traditional Musical Instrument:
1. Aerophones- Bamboo that are blown

2. Idiophones- Bamboo that are struck
3. Chordophones- Bamboo that are plucked
What is the traditional musical instruments of Philippines?
• Collective term for the instruments, current or ancient,

that characterize a culture, era or style of music.
INSTRUMENTS:
Kubing - This is a jaw harp made with bamboo and is one of

the more well known traditional musical instruments.
Kulintang - The Kulintang is a set of 5 to 9 pieces of gongs that

vary in size and sound. They’re aligned horizontally next to
each other, usually on a rack, and are arranged in order of
their pitch. The gong with the lowest pitch is placed on the
players left side and two wooden sticks are used to hit the
gongs to make sounds.
Kudyapi - Also known as the Kutiyapi, this is a stringed

wooden lute that’s about 4-6 ft long. A female equivalent
of the Kutiyapi is called a Korlong, which is a zither-like
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instrument made with bamboo and is played with both hands like a harp. The strings are traditionally made
with abaca fibers or horse hair, but modern versions of
the Kutiyapi use wires like a guitar.
Tongali - The flute has three or four holes where the

fingers are placed over. One hole is found in the back
where air is forced through from the right or left
nostril. Another hole is found about midway on the

flute’s bottom where the thumb is placed to change the
tone and pitch of the flute.
Gambal - The drums were made with hollowed out

tree trunks and deer skin for drumheads. Usually,
drums are not played alone.
Dabakan - It has an hour-glass, conical, tubular, or

goblet in shape and is usually less than 2 feet tall and a
feet wide. The body is made from coconut or jackfruit
wood that’s hollowed out. The body is also intricately
designed with fine carved details. The drumhead is
made from deer hide, carabao skin, or goat skin.
Luntang - It’s strung vertically, containing five horizontal logs that hang in an ascending order and arranged
by pitch.
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Buktot - the Buktot is a small, four-stringed guitar-

like instrument that’s made from a coconut husk. It
likely got its name from its shape.
Kulintang A Tiniok - The Kulintang A Tiniok is a

metallophone that contains eight tuned knobbed
metal plates that are placed on top of a wooden
rack.
Babandil - it has a sunken boos which means that it

has to be struck on the rim or flange to make a sharp,
distinctive metallic clang. Sticks that are made from
bamboo or rattan is used. This instrument is often
considered as a “false gong” and are traditionally made with bronze. However, since this metal is scarce in
Mindanao, they’re now made with iron, brass, and even tin-cans.
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Three main characteristics are exemplified by traditional ethnic music are:
1.) Cantata form

• A cantata is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment and often contains more than
one movement. In singing, the groups sing in solo or by group and some songs were sung by
accompaniment.
2.) Acapella
• An acapella song is a vocal composition without instrumental accompaniment. The groups also did this
when they sang in solo or by group without using any instruments in the background.
3.) Sonata Form

• sonata form is used – a composition for one or more solo instruments, one of which is usually a
keyboard instrument, and usually consisting of three or four independent movements varying in key, mood,
and tempo
Lesson 3
SPANISH COLONIAL INFLUENCE
Spanish musical influence is mainly intended to bring the Christian faith closer to the natives. The Spanish
regime gave new form to Philippine music in particular. Songs, epics, native drums and gongs were
overshadowed by the Christian chants and the harmony of new Western instruments – namely the organ,
harp and the guitar (Anupol, 2007).
Since Christianity proved to be a very powerful force in the Colonial period, the influence of Church music
extended to everyday living (Anupol, 2007).
When the Hispanics occupied the Philippines, they greatly influenced its music. The music developed during
this period is one of the roots for modern Filipino music. It was during this period that guitars became
popular. Because of this, almost all the musical forms in this period made use of the guitar (Anupol, 2007).
Natives were not only instructed in singing but also in playing various instruments such as the guitar, violin,
flute, harp, and organ (The Freshmen Music Room, 2011).
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The three main forms introduced to the Filipinos were the

harana, the kundiman, and the rondalla;
1.) The harana is a traditional form of courtship music in

Spain in which a man woos a woman by serenading her
underneath her window at night. The main instrument
used for the harana is the guitar.
2.) The kundiman is a lyrical song characterized by a minor

key at the beginning and shifts to a major key in the
second half. The lyrics depict all sorts of stories about love
from broken-heartedness to unrequited love.
3.) The rondalla is an ensemble of instruments.

Philippine rondallas consist of the piccolo bandurria,
bandurria, la-ud, and the guitar-shaped octavina and
mandola, guitarra, and double bass (Anupol, 2007).
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Lesson 4:
AMERICAN COLONIAL TO THE CONTEMPORARY MUSIC IN THE PHILIPPINES
American Colonial Tradition
After the 400-year reign of the Spaniards, the American colonists brought with them a new breed of music.
During this era, vaudeville (bodabil), cabaret (kabaret) and kundiman became the most popular forms of
music (Anupol, 2007).
* brought the blues, folk, R&B, and rock and roll

* made music a part of the educational curriculum
Popular during this time;

- Juke boxes, AM radio, American dance hall, vaudeville,
jazz, the Broadway musical,
• Juke boxes
- is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-
operated machine, that will play a patron's selection from self-
contained media.
• AM radio
- is radio
broadcasting using amplitude modulation transmissions. It
was the first method developed for making audio radio
transmissions, and is still used worldwide, primarily for
medium wave transmissions, but also on the longwave and
shortwave radio bands.
• American dance hall

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- Throughout the late nineteenth century, the traditional working-class dance was known as the
"affair." These dances were typically located in rooms attached to saloons or some other multiple-purpose
hall in a working-class neighborhood and were usually sponsored by mutual-aid societies, fraternal orders,
and political associations, or linked to community and family events like weddings.
CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC
- According to National Artist Ramon Santos, PhD, “contemporary music in the. Philippines refers
to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from 20th. century art music in the west, as well as
the latest trends and musical styles in the. entertainment industry.”
FILIPINO CONTEMPORARY COMPOSERS
- With Spain and then America having colonized the Philippines from the early 1500s to the late 1800s, it
was unavoidable that Western compositional techniques found their way
into the works of Filipino composers. Yet, even 20th century Filipino
composers have managed to retain some traditional elements in their
assimilation of Western techniques. In fact, they have become the strongest
foundations of what we now know as Philippine music.
FRANCISCO SANTIAGO
Francisco Santiago (January 29, 1889- September 28, 1947) was a Filipino
musician, sometimes called as the Father of Kundiman Art Song. Santiago
was born in Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines, to musically-minded peasant
parents, Felipe Santiago and Maria Santiago.
NICANOR ABELARDO
The violin sonata (1931) by Abelardo is a composition for violin and piano
that does not fit the characteristics most associated with Philippine Music,
particularly the Kundiman that Abelardo is best known for during that time
period. Abelardo compose the Sonata as a student at the Chicago Musical
College.
ANTONIO MOLINA
Molina, known as the "Dean of Filipino Composers," was born in Quiapo, Manila, on December 26, 1894.
He wrote over 500 musical compositions, including "Hating Gabi" and "Awit ni Maria Clara," and tought
some of the country's musical icons like Lucresia Kasilag and Felipe de leon.
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COL. ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA

Colonel Antonio R. Buenaventura is highly acclaimed for his brilliance in the field of Music. He took over the
cogels of the Philippine Constabulary and Philippine Army Bands and
transformed them into one of the finest military bands in the world.
Colonel Burnaventura is also a distinguished composer and educator.
LUCIO SAN PEDRO

Maestro San Pedro, the man who since 1933 once nurtured the musical
talents of the community youth, continues to guide the musical growth of Angono Symponic Band. Among
his famous master pieces were "Lahing Kayumanggi" (1961), "Lupang
Sarili" (1940), Sa Mahal Kong Bayan" (1950), among others.
ALFREDO BUENAVENTURA
Alfredo Santos Buenaventura was born in Santa Maria, Bulacan in 1929
and studied music at the University of Santo Tomas, the Centro Escolar
University and the Gregorian Institute. His career brought him teaching
appointments at the Philippine Womans University, St.
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III. Reaction
Filipino music tells the story of the Philippines’ always-international history though its melodies, rhythms
and choice of instruments. While some some Filipino styles, such as Philippine gong music, retain distinct
Asian origins, many traditional Philippine styles either originated during the Spanish period or became
popular during Spanish rule by blending local traditions with Spanish melodies and rhythms.
Today Filipino music is still global, actively soaking in influences from Western genres like rock, jazz, bossa-
nova and hip-hop. Filipino popular music parallels global super-pop trends, especially those in other Asian
nations; MTV-style music videos have long been popular, showcasing Asian pop on on channels like MTV
Philippines, Channel V Philippines and MYX, which are as likely to feature gossip about international artists
as they are to actually play music videos from the Philippines.
IV .Conclusion:
Music is essential to any culture. Its a vital part of being human and can significantly impact our lives. No
matter where one is from, music is an escape that everyone seeks because they can relate to it. This social
link keeps us tied to the world, even with different cultures and languages.
Regardless of which part of the country we are in or which ethnic group we belong to, we will always have
music playing in the background of our daily activities. Sometimes, it even takes centre stage.
Because music is valuable, our cultural heritage has become rich, colourful, and vibrant—just like the people
who create it. But few of us can truly claim to having a fine understanding and appreciation of our cultural
heritage.
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V. References:
https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/ethnic-group-in-the-philippines/
https://medium.com/giglue/top-10-genres-of-music-industry-7f19cdb177cb
https://cloudcovermusic.com/blog/top-music-genres/
https://www.google.com/amp/s/topten.ph/2016/04/27/10-traditional-filipino-musical-instruments/amp/
https://wfmt.info/2012/12/29/filipino-folk-music/
https://prezi.com/zr6uas1kd4vf/contemporary-philippine-music/
Anupol et al.(2007). Philippine Music. Retrieved from http://philippinesheritage.ph/filer/toledo- cebu/PHILIPPINE

%20MUSIC.pdf
Pantig,F.R.et al. (2007). Periods in History of Philippine Music. Retrieved from

http://philippineculture.ph/filer/toledo-cebu/philmusichistory2007version-091205225533-phpapp02.pdf
Santos, R. P.( 1994). Pinoy Pop Music. Musika – An Essay On The American Colonial and Contemporary Traditions in Philippine
Music. Cultural Center of the Philippines Publishing, Manila.
Szczepanski,K. (2012) The Philippines: Facts and History. Retrieved from

http://asianhistory.about.com/od/philippines/p/philippinesprof.htm
The Freshmen Music Room (2011). Retrieved from http://sppcfreshmen20102011.wordpress.com/2011/03/06/philippine-

music-during-the-spanish-era/
Yamio, J. (2011). A Brief History of Philippine Music. UP College of Music Publishing, Diliman, Quezon City.
Download chart (pdf) to access interactive YouTube links.

https://cloudcovermusic.com/blog/top-music-genres/
https://theopmmusic.wordpress.com/original-pilipino-music/

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Republic of the Philippines

3. Electronic Dance Music

6. Rhythm and Blues (R&B)

1.) Pinoy Rock(Filipino Rock Music)

Example: Ang Huling El Bimbo, by Eraserheads

2.) Original Philippine Music(OPM)

Example: Forevermore by Slide A

Filipino Ethnic group in Luzon :

The Igorots are found in the Cordillera Administrative

One of the most popular ethnolinguistic groups in the

Of all the different ethnic groups in the Philippines,

Ethnic Groups in Visayas:

Cebuanos are one of the major ethnic groups in the

Ethnic Groups in Mindanao

Maranao is derived from the phrase “lawa ng Lanao

T’Boli is one of the ethnolinguistic groups in Mindanao

The Tausug people are one of the 5 ethnic groups in

It is believed that the Bagobos are the first to

Classification of the Philippines Traditional Musical Instrument:

1. Aerophones- Bamboo that are blown

What is the traditional musical instruments of Philippines?

• Collective term for the instruments, current or ancient,

Kubing - This is a jaw harp made with bamboo and is one of

Kulintang - The Kulintang is a set of 5 to 9 pieces of gongs that

Kudyapi - Also known as the Kutiyapi, this is a stringed

Tongali - The flute has three or four holes where the

nostril. Another hole is found about midway on the

Gambal - The drums were made with hollowed out

Dabakan - It has an hour-glass, conical, tubular, or

Buktot - the Buktot is a small, four-stringed guitar-

Kulintang A Tiniok - The Kulintang A Tiniok is a

Babandil - it has a sunken boos which means that it

Three main characteristics are exemplified by traditional ethnic music are:

1.) Cantata form

3.) Sonata Form

The three main forms introduced to the Filipinos were the

1.) The harana is a traditional form of courtship music in

2.) The kundiman is a lyrical song characterized by a minor

3.) The rondalla is an ensemble of instruments.

American Colonial Tradition

* brought the blues, folk, R&B, and rock and roll

Popular during this time;

• American dance hall

CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC

FILIPINO CONTEMPORARY COMPOSERS

COL. ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA

LUCIO SAN PEDRO

Anupol et al.(2007). Philippine Music. Retrieved from http://philippinesheritage.ph/filer/toledo- cebu/PHILIPPINE

Pantig,F.R.et al. (2007). Periods in History of Philippine Music. Retrieved from

Szczepanski,K. (2012) The Philippines: Facts and History. Retrieved from

The Freshmen Music Room (2011). Retrieved from http://sppcfreshmen20102011.wordpress.com/2011/03/06/philippine-

Download chart (pdf) to access interactive YouTube links.

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