Schedule Prelim

9/10/2022 Lecture (Online)

9/10-16/2022Asynchronous
9/17/2022- Quizzes (Face to Face), Submission of Some requirements
(Hardcopy)
9/24/2022- Lecture Online
9/25-31/2022 Asynchronous
10/1/2022- Quizzes (Face to Face), Submission of Some
requirements (Hardcopy) and Prelim Exam

Theories and Principles of

Theories and •Ethical Theories
Health Ethics

Principles of •Virtue Ethics

•Ethical Principles
Health Ethics •Other Ethical Principles
•Principles of Bioethics

Ethical Theories

Ethical •Deontology
•Teleology
Theories •Utilitarianism
 Deontology
•duty-based ethics
•addresses whether the motives
behind certain actions are right
or wrong instead of focusing on
whether the results of the action
are right or wrong.
Teleology
•Also called consequentialism
•results-oriented ethics.
•It focuses on the purpose of each
action and whether there is an
intention or meaning for the action.
Deontogy vs
Teleology
1.Deontology is an approach to ethics which
adheres to the theory that an end does not
justify the means while teleology is an
approach to ethics that adheres to the theory
that the end always justifies the means.
Deontology
•It is based on each individual’s duty or obligation
towards each other, all living things, and the
environment based on moral beliefs and values.
•It teaches about always acting in good faith
•adheres to the Golden Rule to treat others the way you
want to be treated by them.
•Example
•The Ten Commandments are examples of
Teleology
•It deals with the consequences of an
action.
•It involves examining past experiences in
order to figure out the results of present
actions.
•The most common teleology approach is
utilitarianism, which stresses the greatest
good for the greatest number of individuals.
Deontogy vs
Teleology
2.Deontology is also known
as duty-based ethics while
teleology is also known as
results-oriented ethics.
 Deontogy vs Deontogy vs
Teleology Teleology
3.Deontology adheres to the Golden 4.Deontology teaches to be fair and not to use
Rule which is to do unto others what others for selfish reasons while teleology
teaches about doing whatever actions produce a
you want them to do unto you while result that is agreeable to a person.
teleology does not; rather, it is also
referred to as the greatest happiness
principle because it justifies an action if
it produces the greatest happiness and
least amount of pain.

Deontogy vs
Teleology
5.Teleology examines past
experiences in order to predict the
results of a present action while
deontology follows what is morally
right based on the values that are
Virtue Ethics
instilled in each person.

Virtue Ethics in
Virtue Ethics Nursing
• Virtue Ethics in Nursing • Virtue ethics is an approach that
focuses on character with the
• Core Value of assumption that a person of
Professional Nurse good character will tend to
behave in ways that are
consistent with their
character.
 Virtue Ethics in Core Value of
Nursing Professional Nurse
• A virtue ethics for nursing is therefore
concerned with the character of individual • Nursing values are the
nurses and seeks ways to enable nurses principles and standards
that nurses follow to
to develop character traits appropriate
for actions that enhance wellbeing.
ensure they're doing
ethical, quality work.

Core Value of
Professional Nurse
Human dignity
• Accountability •Respect the dignity of their patients. T
• Human Dignity
• Curiosity •treating patients with kindness and
• Integrity thoughtfulness as you provide care, and
Altruism • Autonomy
•
• Precision remembering to consider their emotions about
• Social Justice the situation as you talk with them, care for
• Diversity • Empathy them and educate them about their health.
• Ingenuity • Professionalism •acknowledging the rights of each patient to
• Compassionate • Loyalty choose healthcare services and maintain
• Trustworthiness • Excellence privacy, which are two other important nursing
values.

Integrity
•In nursing, integrity is vital to
connecting with patients and
providing ethical, quality care.
•Integrity refers to making honest,
moral decisions.
Altruism
•means being considerate of the well-being of
your patients and colleagues.
•You can show this nursing value by advocating
for fair treatment of your patient,
encouraging fellow nurses to take breaks while
you step in and answering questions from
patients' families as best as you can.
 Altruism
•Not expect something in return for your
care, which means providing care outside
of your typical duties or without need for
acknowledgement.
Diversity
•stay open-minded and treat patients regardless of their
identity or ideals.
•you can ensure your treatment of a patient meets
moral and ethical standards, makes the patient
comfortable and helps them recover from their
condition.
•also refer to a healthcare facility's commitment to
hiring employees with various backgrounds and
identities and treating them all with respect.
Compassion
•being compassionate helps patients feel
respected during their medical care.
•You can show compassion in a variety of
ways, like listening to patients' concerns,
quickly addressing those concerns and
speaking kindly as you administer
treatments and ask questions.
•key components to providing quality care.
Social Justice
•understanding and upholding moral and
legal healthcare standards for every
patient.
•This involves distributing all services and
treatments equally amongst patients who
need them.
•actively listening to the needs of
individual patients and providing them
with treatments and accommodations
necessary for their recovery.
Ingenuity
•value that encourages critical thinking and
helping create treatments and strategies
that help patients.
•To practice ingenuity, it's a good idea to
continually study medical advancements.
•Understanding the dynamism of healthcare
field
Trustworthiness
•better understand the needs of those in their care and
increases the chances that a patient cooperates with
treatments.
•Patients who trust their healthcare providers also have
less stress and may recover better from their illnesses
or injuries.
•To show your trustworthiness, be interested in how
your patient's care is affecting them, answer their
questions honestly and tell them important and
accurate information as soon as you can.
 Accountability
•acknowledging your actions and learning
from mistakes, which is especially
important for your growth in the nursing
profession because each action you take
affects patients.
Autonomy
•Autonomy refers to a patient's right to accept or refuse
healthcare services like treatments and procedures.
•This is an ethical nursing value that aims to respect and
not influence a patient's healthcare choices, which may
make patients feel more at ease and encourage them
to seek other healthcare services when they need
them.
•You may show your respect to autonomy by educating
patients on their options without bias and supporting
their decisions.
Empathy
•which helps nurses see a situation from
their patient's perspective.
•This allows you to understand more
deeply how a patient might feel and
what they might need from their
healthcare team, and this can help you
administer successful treatment plans.
Curiosity
•it encourages nurses to keep learning and
improve the skills needed to succeed.
•Personal and professional curiosity can help
you determine your nursing goals, how you
measure success and what areas of nursing
you have a strong interest.
Precision
•accurate care best fulfills the needs of patients and
creates a safe environment for medical procedures and
recovery.
•try to strive for precision in all aspects of your role,
including:
• understanding a specific patient's treatment plan
• providing families and patients with accurate information
• sanitizing all rooms and instruments to avoid infection.
•help maintain the standards of your facility and
improve the health of your patients.
Professionalism
•the standard by which they measure their
performance and reputation.
•The specific aspects of your performance and
reputation may include
• ability to care for patients successfully
• your attitude toward colleagues
• patients and your ability to work as a team with other
nurses and other healthcare team members.
•Maintaining a standard of professionalism ensures that
you understand the importance of your job and strive
to perform those duties well.
 Loyalty
•This may mean you dedicate yourself to finishing a
patient's treatment, performing all the duties of your
job as best as you can and continuing to learn about
relevant medical advancements.
•You can also show you value loyalty by advocating for
patients who need your help and trying to resolve
every one of their concerns.
Excellence
•highly values a commitment to providing excellent
service.
•strive to improve your knowledge so you can provide
your patients with excellent quality support during
their time in healthcare setting

Ethical Principles
•Autonomy
Ethical •Patient Bill of Rights
•Inform Consent
•Proxy Consent/ Legally Acceptable
Principles Representative
•Privacy

Ethical Principles Autonomy

•Confidentiality •Patient Bill of Rights
•Veracity •Inform Consent
•Fidelity •Proxy Consent/ Legally Acceptable
•Justice Representative
•Beneficence •Confidentiality
•Non-Malefincence •Privacy
 Filipino Patient Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights Bill of Rights
2. The patient has the right to obtain from his
1.The patient has the right to physician complete current information
concerning his diagnosis, treatment and
considerate and respectful prognosis in terms the patient can reasonably
be expected to understand. When it is not
care irrespective of medically advisable to give such information to
the patient, the information should be made
socio-economic status. available to an appropriate person in his
behalf. H has the right to know by name or in
person, the medical team responsible in
coordinating his care.

Filipino Patient Filipino Patient

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights
3. The patient has the right to receive from his physician
information necessary to give informed consent prior to 4. The patient has the right to refuse
the start of any procedure and/or treatment. Except in treatment/life – giving measures, to the
emergencies, such information for informed consent
should include but not necessarily limited to the specific extent permitted by law, and to be
procedure and or treatment, the medically significant
risks involved, and the probable duration of
incapacitation. When medically significant alternatives for
informed of the medical consequences
care or treatment exist, or when the patient requests of his action.
information concerning medical alternatives, the patient
has the right to such information. The patient has also
the right to know the name of the person responsible for
the procedure and/or treatment.

Filipino Patient Filipino Patient

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights
5. The patient has the right to every 6. The patient has the right to expect
consideration of his privacy concerning that all communications and records
his own medical care program. Case pertaining to his care should be treated
discussion, consultation, examination as confidential.
and treatment are confidential and
should be conducted discreetly. Those
not directly involved in his care must
have the permission of the patient to be
present.
 Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights
7. The patient has the right that within its
capacity, a hospital must make reasonable
response to the request of patient for services.
The hospital must provide evaluation, service
and/or referral as indicated by the urgency of
care. When medically permissible a patient
may be transferred to another facility only after
he has received complete information
concerning the needs and alternatives to such
transfer. The institution to which the patient is
to be transferred must first have accepted the
patient for transfer.
Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights
9. The patient has the right to be
advised if the hospital proposes to
engage in or perform human
experimentation affecting his care or
treatment. The patient has the right to
refuse or participate in such research
project.
Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights
11. The patient has the right to
examine and receive an
explanation of his bill regardless of
source of payment.
Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights
8. The patient has the right to obtain
information as to any relationship of the
hospital to other health care and
educational institutions in so far as his
care is concerned. The patient has the
right to obtain as to the existence of any
professional relationship among
individuals, by name who are treating
him.
Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights
10. The patient has the right to expect
reasonable continuity of care; he has the
right to know in advance what appointment
times the physicians are available and
where. The patient has the right to expect
that the hospital will provide a mechanism
whereby he is informed by his physician or
a delegate of the physician of the patient’s
continuing health care requirements
following discharge.
Filipino Patient
Bill of Rights
12. The patient has the right to know
what hospital rules and regulation apply
to his conduct as a patient.

Inform Consent
•Legally, this requires that the patient, or his/her surrogate, is
informed of the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a treatment.
•A signature on the consent form provides legal documentation of
consent.
•patient understands and freely agrees to the treatment.
•Healthcare providers must accept and support refusal or
withdrawal of consent even if they disagree with the patient.
Privacy
•Patient privacy encompasses a number of aspects,
including personal space (physical privacy), personal
data (informational privacy), personal choices
including cultural and religious affiliations (decisional
privacy), and personal relationships with family
members and other intimates (associational privacy).
Veracity
The principle of veracity, or truth telling, requires
that healthcare providers be honest in their
interactions with patients. “Traditional ethics
holds that it is sim- ply wrong morally to lie to
people, even if it is expedient to do so, even if a
better outcome will come from the lie
Proxy consent/legally
acceptable
representative
•If an individual is personally unable to consent to
a medical intervention on account of their age or
lack of intellectual maturity, the proxy consent of a
legal representative is required.
•In this context the legal representative is bound by
the well-being of the person on behalf of whom
consent is given.
Confidentiality
•Patients need to be able to trust that
Healthcare provider will protect
information shared in confidence.
Fidelity
Fidelity in nursing means nurses must remain
true to professional promises, such as the
promise to provide high-quality, competent, safe,
and efficient patient care. It also means being
supportive of patient decisions, promoting patient
autonomy and the furtherance of the profession.
 Justice
Justice in nursing ethics implies that patients have
a right to fair and impartial treatment. This
means no matter what a patient's insurance status
or financial resources may be, or what gender
identification, age or ethnicity they are, they have
the right to fairness in nursing decisions.
Non-maleficence
The principle of non-maleficence holds that there
is an obligation not to inflict harm on others.
Principles of
Double Effect
•The Principle of double effect is used to justify
actions that have intended “good” effects and
unintended “bad” effects.
•In medicine, it is predominantly applied to justify
the use of analgesia and sedation at the end of
life, when medical interventions are feared to
potentially hasten death.
Beneficence
Beneficence is defined as kindness and
charity, which requires action on the part of
the nurse to benefit others. An example of a
nurse demonstrating this ethical principle is by
holding a dying patient's hand
Other Relevant
Ethical Principles
1.Principles of Double Effect
2.Principles of Legitimate Cooperation
3.Principles of Common Good and
Subsidiary
Principles of
Legitimate
Cooperation
When it is applied
Whenever an act we are considering would assist
someone else in committing a morally evil act.
What it says
Formal cooperation – when you share the other
person’s evil intent
Could involve approving or taking part in it
It’s never morally permissible
Material cooperation – you do not share the other
person’s evil intent, but you still cooperate.
 Principles of Legitimate Assignment
Cooperation (Hardcopy)
Immediate material cooperation – when you participate -Make a research about Principles of
in a way that’s essential to the commission
(completion) of the evil act Common Good and Subsidiary
Never morally permissible (you and the other person share -Provide sample scenario
the same object)
Mediate material cooperation – when you participate in -Make your own reaction about this ethical
a way that’s NOT essential to the commission principle
(completion) of the evil act.
Morally permissible if You have a proportionately good -Put reference on the last part of your output
reason for cooperating -Font Type Area
You must try to avoid scandal (anything you do that causes
someone else to think or do evil.)If both criteria fail, then the -Font Size 12
circumstances are bad
-Short Bondpaper
-Submission 9/17/2022