ase IN EDUCATION - oe A amide MATHEMATICS STANDARD As Per Latest CBSE Course Structure 2020-21 Pen Paper Test HS Multiple Choice Questions Important NCERT Questions Assertion-Reason Type Questions Important NCERT Exemplar ProblemsF Kelpie MATHEMATICS SVN P YAP) As Per Latest CBSE Course Structure 2020-21 ome EDITORIAL BOARD. en Paper Test 1 Multiple Assessment Hf Model Question Papers Wt Multiple Choice Questions (HR I Important NCERT Questions, CBSE Examination Papers-2020 | CBSE Sample Question Paper-2020. Important NCERT Exemplar ProblemsPrinting History: Syllabus Covered: Price: : Gi ISBN: Published By: Printed At: Edition: 2020-21 Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi Five Hundred Four Rupees (& 504/-) 978-93-89975-27-7 © Copyright Reserved by the Publishers All rights reserved. Ne part of this book may be reproduced, sored in 2 retrivalsystem, or ransrittet in ary form orby any means, witnoutwerten permission flom the publishers. VK Global Publications Pvt. Ltd. Regd. Office: 4323/3, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj New Delhi-110002 Ph: 91-11-23250105, 23250106 Fax: 91-11-23250141 Corporate Office: 15/1, Main Mathura Road, Faridabad (NCR) Haryana-121003 Phone: 0129-7117719-48 lines Fax: 0129-2250322 Email: mail@vkpublications.com www.vkpublications.com Rave Scans Pvt. Ltd. very effort hasbaen made to avoid errs or omissions inthis publication In spite ofthis some eros might have crap in. Any mistake error or dicrepancy noted may be brought to our notice which shallbe taken care fin the next edtion. Its noted that nalther the publishers nor the author oF sll willbe responsible fr ‘ny damage orlossof etionta anyone, of any kind inary mannes, therefrom. For binding mistakes, misprints or for misting pages ete, the publisher's Raby limited ta replacement within one menlh of purchase by similar ection, All espensesin this connection ar to be borne by the purchaser.Contents PART-A UNIT I: Number Systems 1. Real Numbers 3 UNITII: Algebra 2. Polynomials 20 3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables 42 4. Quadratic Equations 7 5. Arithmetic Progressions 106 UNIT Ill: Coordinate Geometry 6. Coordinate Geometry 132 UNIT IV: Geometry 7. Triangles 164 8. Circles 200 9. Constructions 230 UNITY: Trigonometry 10. Introduction to Trigonometry 246 11. Heights and Distances 275 UNIT VI: Mensuration 12. Areas Related to Circles 310 13. Surface Areas and Volumes 346 UNIT VII: Statistics & Probability 14, Statistics 390 15, Probability a9Is PART-B Periodic Test - 1 @ Pen Paper Test ®@ Multiple Assessment Periodic Test - 2 © Pen Paper Test © Multiple Assessment Periodic Test ~ 3 © Pen Paper Test ® Multiple Assessment CBSE Sample Question Paper (Standard)-2020 Blue Prints Model Question Papers 1 to 5 (Unsolved) CBSE Examination Papers 2020 (30/1/1), (30/1/2) (30/1/3) (Solved) 447 452 458 465 481 483 511Syllabus Course Structure Class ~ X Unit No. 1 [ Number Systems 06 " Algebra 20 tl _ [Coordinate Geometry 06 WV [Geometry 15 v__ [Trigonometry 2 vi [Mensuration 10 vl Statistics & Probability " Total 80. UNIT |: NUMBER SYSTEMS: 1. REAL NUMBERS (15) Periods Euclie's division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of 2, 3, /5 Decimal representation of rational numbers in terms of terminating/nomterminating recurring decimals. UNIT Il: ALGEBRA 1. POLYNOMIALS (7) Periods Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients, 2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (15) Periods Pair of linear equations in two variablesand graphical method of theirsolutian, consistencyfincansistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions, Solution af a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination and by-cross multiplication method. Simple situational problems. simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations. 3, QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (15) Periods Standard form of a quadratic equation ax® + hn + « = 0, (2 = 0), Solutions of quadratic equations (only teal roots} by factorization and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incorporated.ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS. (8) Periods Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the rth term and sum of the first m terms of AP. and their application in solving daily life problems. UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY LINES (In two-dimensions) (14) Periods Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs af linear equations, Distance formula. Section formula (internal division). Area of a triangle. UNIT IV: GEOMETRY TRIANGLES (15) Periods Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles, 1. (Prove) Ifa line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. 2. (Motivate) IFa line divides two sides of is parallel to the third side, 3, (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to ane angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar. 6. (Motivate) Ifa perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other, 7. (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of their corresponding sides. 8, (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides. (Prove) Inatriangle, ifthe square on one sideis equal to sum of the squares on the other twa sides, the angles opposite to the first side isa right angle. igle in the same ratio, the line 4 : 9, CIRCLES {8) Periods Tangent to a circle at, point of contact, 1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. 2. (Prove) The lenaths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.CONSTRUCTIONS (8) Periods 1, Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally). 2, Tangents toa circle from a point outside it. 3, Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle. UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY (10) Periods Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a rightangled triangle, Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at O° and 90°. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°. Relationships between the ratios. . TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (15) Periods Proof and applications of the identity sin*A + cos"A = 1. Only simple identities to be given. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. (8) Periods Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30”, 45°, 60" UNIT Vi: MENSURATION AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES (12) Periods Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only. Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circle should be taken.) SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES (12) Periods 11. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum ofa cone, 2, Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and ‘other mixed problems, (Problems with combination af not more than two different solids be taken). UNIT Vil: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY STATISTICS (18) Periods Mean, median and mede of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided). Curhulative frequency graph, PROBABILITY (10) Periods Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability. ofan event.© Design of Question Paper MATHEMATICS-Standard (QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS ~ X (2020-21) Time:3 hours Max. Marks: Total S.No. | Typology of Questions ie % Weightage {approx} Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts,and answers, Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and iieas by organizing, comparing. transating interpreting, giving descriptions and stating mainideas | 43, a6 Applying; Solve problems ta new situations by applying 19 acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rulesin a different way. 24% Analysing: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes, Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, Nalidity of ideas, oF quality of work based ona set of citeria. ‘Creating: Compile information together ina different way by combining elements inanew pattern ot propasing alternative solutions 22%6 Total 80 100% INTERNAL ASSESSMENT © Pen Paper Test and Multiple Assessment (545) © Portfolio 20 Marks 10 Marks 05 Marks © Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed books) 05 MarksPART-A a 8 & sh & BASIC CONCEPTS—A FLOW CHART MORE POINTS TO REMEMBER OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Multiple Choice Questions Fill in the Blanks * Very Short Answer Questions SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS HOTS [HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS] PROFICIENCY EXERCISE SELF-ASSESSMENT TESTReal Numbers EEN e tee Euclid’ Division Lemma Given positve integers.a and, there ‘ist unique integers q and rsatishying eahqtn0erab — e. uli Division Algorithm This a based on Eucks Dvision Lemme ‘canting tari. the HGF of any two postive integessa and witha> hs obtained as te ows: Step 1. poy Euci.diasion lemma tow and 6 te fiodg ards. whetwa= lyr, Osr v7 LY is (a) an integer (0) an ineational number (a rational number (2) none of these 2. The decimal expansion of the tatiobal number a will terminate after (a) one decimal place (6) two decimal places ©) three decimal places (@) more than three decimal places 8. For some integer q, every odd integer is of the fori. [NCERP Exemplar] 4 qt O% (+1 4. The product of three consecutive integers is divisible by 5 we io? (a) none of these 5. The product of wa consecutive integers is di m2 3 wT 6. The largest number which divides 615 and 963 leaving remainder 6 in each case is, f@) 82 95 87 Os Tote nis (@) an integer (6) anaiural number (¢) anodd integer (d) an even integer 8, The largest number which divides 70 and 125 leaving remainders § and § respectively is (INGER? Exemplar] @ 13 0) 65 (©) 875 (175 9. ftw pasitive integers a and Bare written aia = oy? ane b ayy; pare peiroe nuinbers; then LCM (a,5) is [NCERT Exemplar] @ ay GO)" xe @ xy" 10. ‘The product of a non zero rational and an irrational number is INCERT Exemplar] (@) always irrational (@) always rational (© rational or irrational (a) one @SUPER_500LL, The product of two irrational numbers is (@) always irrational (0) always rational @ tational or irrational @ one 12, The decimal expansion of the rational number MEAL witl terminate after |\CEHF Bump) (a) one decimal place (6) two decimal places @ three decimal places (@) four decimal places 1S. The decinal expansion of mumnber "0 ie (@) terminating (©) non-terminating repeating © non-terminating non-repeating (a) none of these 14, If two positive integers a and } are written asa = x*y* and , b = x" y’; then HGF (a, 5) is +) are prime numbers, (a) aty* (i) xy fey? (dy 25? 15. The exponent of 2 in prime factorisation of M44 is aa Os os Oa 16. ‘The LCM of two numbers is 1200. Which of the following cannot be their HCF? (600 6) 500 (e) 400 (@) 200 17, 1f3 is the Least prime factor of number @ and 7 is the least prime factor of number 5, then the least prime factor of (a + 6) is (2 )3 5 @ 10 18, If TICE (26, 169) = 13 then LEM (26, 169) is (a) ) 32 (0 338 @ 13 19, 8.37 is (a) an integer (6) avational number — (¢) a.natural number (d) an ievational number always end with 20, fm isany natural number then 6” ~. @i O38 5 @7 Answers Lw& 2) 3) 4. (by 5.) 6. (6) te 8. (@) 9 (o) 10, (@) ne) 12. (@) 13.) 14. (0) 15. (@) 16. 17. @ 18.0) 19. (b) 20. (2) Fill in the Blanks i OECD Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s). L 2. Lfcxery positive even integer is of the form 2g, then every positive odd integer is of the form = where q is some integer. 8 V0.5, /7,eeare Ura 4, Every point on the number line corresponds toa number is a restatement of @SUPER_500§. Every real number is cither a number-or an number, 6. The product of three numbers is to the product of their HCF anel LOM. 7. Ip is a prime number and it divides «* then it also divides where «is a positive integer 8 Ma = bg + r then least value of ris : 9. Numbers having non.terminating non-repeating decimal expansion are known as 10. An algorithm which is used to find HCF of wo positive numbers is, LL. HGF of uwo numbers is always a factor of their 12. Gis (a rationalfan irrational) number: 18. Lis neither _ nor number. 14. LOM of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number is 15. Co-prime number isa set of numbers which have 1 as their Answers 1. long division process 2.2 +1 3: irrational 4 real 5. rational, irrational 6. not equal Ta 8. 2000 9. irrational numbers 10. Rachels division algorithm LL. LOM. 2. a rational 13. prime; composite 4 15. HCE Very Short Answer Questions titi TTI 1. What is the HGF of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number? (CBSE 2018) Sol. Smallest composite number = 4 Smallest prime number = 2 So, HOF (4, 2) =2 2. The decimal representation of 73255 will terminate after how many places of decimal? Sol. Bo Boo ons (xa) 10 This representation will terminate after 4 decimal places 3. ‘The HGF of two numbers a and b is 5 and their LCM is 200. Find the product ab. [CBSE 2019 (308/2)) Sol. We know that Product of two numbers = product of their LOM and HCE ay = 200 x 5 1000 4. What is the HCF of 3° x 5 and 3° x 5? Sol. HCF of 8° x Sand 8? x 5?= 5? x 5 = 45 5. Ifa isan odd number, is not divisible by $ and LCM of « and } is P, what is the LGM of 3a and 2b Sol. Since « isodd, itis not divisible by 2 (60 we need to multiply (From 2) with LOM of # and b) since is not divisible by 3 we necdl to multiply 3 from Se with LCM ofa, # Hence, LOM (Se and 24) = 67 6. If? is prime number then, what is the LOM of P, P*, P°? Sol. P* @SUPER_5007. Sol. Sol. 9% Sol. 10. Sol. LL. Sol. 12, Sol. ‘Two positive integers p and g can be expressed as p = ab* and ¢ = a", a and b are prime numbers, What is the LCM of p and q? aw Anumber N when divided by 14 gives the remainder 8. What is the remainder when the same number is divided by 7? Ssbecause 14 is mukiple of 7. Therefore, remainder in both cases are same, IfHGE (836, 54) = 6, Find LOM (836, 54). [CBSE 2019 (80/2/1)] LCM HCF = Product of numbers LOM X 6 = 396 % 54 336% 54 LOM = 3024 What are the possible values of remainder r, when a positive integer a is, According to Euelid’s division lemma 2 = 84 +4, where yo) <9 and ris an integer: Therefore, the values of rean be 0, { or 2. ‘A rational number in its decimal expansion is 1.7851. What ean you sty about the prime factors of when this number is expressed in the form -¢-? Give reason. As 1.7851 isa terminating decimal number, so q must be ofthe form 2" 5", where m,n are natural numbers, Find after how many places the decimal form of the number ge Will cerminase? [CBSE 2019 (30/33)) Ed sto 3x2 SxS PxE KK. xs)" So, the decimal form will end afier fourdecimal places, Short Answer Questions iTS] Sol. 2 Sol. Sol. 4 Sol. Express 429 as product of its prime factors. [CRSE 2000 (30,33) i 420 = 9X13 KI Write whether the square of any positive integer can be of the form Sm + 2, where m is a natural number. Justify your answer. INCERT Exemplar} Bq + 1, 3q + % then, square will be No, since any positive integer can be written as $9, Og + y+ = 3m +1, (Bip)? = 99? = 9.489%) = Sm, (8g + 1)? = Oy? + Oy + 1 = (Sy + 2 = 97 + 12g +4 = Can two numbers have 18 as their HICK and $80 as their LOM? Give reason. (VCE/tV £2»mplir] No, because here HCE (18) does not diviele LOM (380) (3q? + 4q +1) + 1 = Sm + 1 Write a rational number between y2 and 3. [GBSE 2019 (30/1/29) 17 A rational number between v2 andy is 289 = 1.7-= 7 @SUPER_5005. The product of two consecutive integers is reason. Sol. Tru ivisible by 2. Is this statement true or false? Give beause na + 1) will always be even, as one out of then or+1 must be even. 6. Explain why 3 X 5 X 7 + 7is acomposite number Sol. 3X 5X7 472703 x5 41) = 7X 16, which has more than two factors 7. What is the least number that is divisible by all the numbers from 1 to 10? Sol. Required number = LOM of 1, 2,3... 10 = 2520, 8. Find the sum of 0.68 + 0.75. 73 141 a9 * 99 99 9. “The product of three consecutive positiv. false? Justify your answers Sol. True, because n(n + 1) (n + 2) will always be divisible by 6, as at least one of the fuetors will be divisible by 10, Find the HGF of 612 and 1314 using prime factorisation, TGRSE 2019 (0/5/39) Sol. Sol, 0.58 40.75 az stegers is divisible by 6”, Is this statement true or nel at Feast ome of the factors will be divisible by 3. aly gusts 306 3 ay) 29 — 8 657 6IQ=2KQKEXSKIT INl4 = 2x 9x3 x73 HCP =2%3%8=18 LL. Find the HGF of 1260 and 7344 using Euclid’s algorithm. © (CEVE) CBSE 2019 (50/1/1)) OR Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HICF of 255 and 867. [CBSE 2019 (30/4/1)) Sol. Since 744 > 1260 and from Buelid’s algorithm ashgtr TM = 1260 xX 541048 1260 = 1044 x 1 +2 = Wt = 216 x44 180 > M6 = 1801+ 36 > 180 = 365 +0 > HCE =36 OR Solution is similar as above, Only values are changed Ans; She Answer Questions. 1, An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32 members in a ‘the maximum parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What. number of columns in which they can march? INCERT] 6 and 92, Sol, For the maximum number of columns, we have to find the HGF of Now, since 616 > 52, we apply division lemma to 616 and 32. @SUPER_500Sol 3. Sol. Sol. We have, 616 = $2 x 19 +8 Here, remainder 8 # 0. lemma to $2 and 8 We have, 328x440 Here, remainder is zero, So, HGF (616, 32) = 8 Hence, maximum number of columns is 8, Find the LM and HF of 12, 15 and 21 by applying the prime factorisation method. [Ci I] The prime factors of 12, 15 and 21 are =9x5 and 21=3x7 >, We again apy Therefore, the HC 2, 3!, 5! and 7! are the greatest powers involved in the prime fuetorisation of 12, 15. and 21 So, LOM (12, 15,21) = 2 x 3! x5! x 7! = 420 If HCK of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65n — 117, find the value of 2. [CASE 2019 (3 of these integers is 3. HGF (65, 117) is given by 65 = 5 x13 N17 =18 x43 => HOF=15 According ts question, 65n—117 = 18 sular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same, Suppose they both start from the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction, After how many minutes will they mect again at the starting point? NGERT] To find the time after which they meetagain atthe starting point, we have to find LCM of 18. and 12 minutes, We have 2 [18 2/12 18=2%3 ae Te and 12 =? 8 se Op Therefore, LCM of 18 and 12 = 2" x 3° = 36 = So, they will meet aga Use Euclid's Division Lemma to show that the cube of any positive integer is either of the form 9m, 9m +1 or 9m +8 for some integer m. INGERT L following cases: Case Ts When x = 3q at the starting point after 36 minutes, x be any positive integer. Then, it is of the form 3q or 8q + | or 8y + 2 So, we have the x! = (8p) = 279" = (344) = 9m, where m Case I: When x = 89 +1 In this case, we have 39 + 1" Iq) + 274" + Ay + | og(sq? + 8g +1) +1 Sin + 1, where m = 9134! + Bp +1) uy aK u @SUPER_500Whenx = 39 +2 In this case, we have (3g + 2° a Og(3q? + Gy + 4) +8 9m + 8, where m = q(3¢" + 6y + 4) orm Oba oF Son + | or Sm +8, 6. Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational number ¢ . Sol Let x= 03178 Then x = 0.3178178178, @ 10x = 3.178178178. ot) 10000 = $178,178178, - (ii) (On subtracting (i) from Gi), we you = 3175 = 7. [im inan odd positive integer, show that (a — 1) is divisible by 8. INCERT Exemplar] Sol. We know that an odd positive integer mis of the form (4g + 1) or (4g + 3) for some integer q. Ease: When » = (4g + 1) In this case n® = Weg? + 89 = 8y (24 + 1) which is cleaely di vhen n = (49 +3) this case, we have (4q + 8-1 = liq? + 24y + 8 = BOG + gt) which is clearly divisible by 8. Hence (n” ~ 1) is divisible by 8, 8. Find the value of, y and in the given factor tree. Can the value of x" be Cast 2 n=l found without finding the value of’ and ‘'? If yes, explain. ‘ ee anya oy cae Oe ai sie aa 322% 2¥ 2 17 which are prime factors ofx PX 0% Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6q + 1 or 6q +3 or 6g + 5, where g is some integer. NCERT] OR ‘Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6m + 1 or 6m + 3 or 6m + 5, where m is some integer. [CBSE 2019(80/52)] Sol, Leta be any positive odd integer and 6 integer q = Oand 0 <1 <6, 6. Then, by Euclid’s algorithm, « = 6q +»; for some ie, the possible remainders are 0,1, 2.3, 4,5: Thus,a-can be of the form 6y or 6y + 1 or 6 + 2 ar Gy + 9 oF Gy +1 oF 69 +5, where gis some imeger: Since a is odd integer, so a cannot be of the form 6p or By + 8 or Gy + 4 (since they are even). Thus, is of the form 69 + Lor Oy + 3 or Gy + 5, where q is some integer. 10 @SUPER_500Hence, any odd posit integer is of the form 69 + 1 or 6y + 3 or 6y + 5, where q is some integer. oR 6. Then, by Euclid’s algorithm, = tim + 7, for some Leta be any positive odd integer and f integer m2 Oand 0 £1 <6. i.t.;the possible remainders are 0, 1,2) 4, 5 Thus, «t can be of the form 6m, or fim + 1 or fim + Qor 6m + 3or6m +4 or Gm + 5, where m is some integer. Since a is odd integer, so a cannot be of the form 6m or 6m + Zor 6m + 4 (since they are even). Thus, is of the form 6m + 1, 6m + Sor Gm + 5, where m is some integer: Henee, any add positive integer isof the form Gre + | or 6m + % or Gra + 5, where mis some in 10, Write the smallest number which is divisible by both $06 and 657, [(iS F 2019.(90/2/1)] Sol. Here, to find the required smallest number we will find LCM of 506 and 657. 306 = 9x 37 17 2 | 06 3 | 657 a 98 3 | aos 3] 219 3] Bl LOM = 2% 3? tates Long Answer Questions ji TTT] 1. Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m. NCERT] Sol. Leta be an arbitrary positive integer: Then by Euclid’s division algorithm, corresponding to the positive imegers @ and 5 there exist, non-negative integers and r such that a= 39 +9 where S123 > am Og + Gg tr? - Case-k When + = 0 a? = 99 = 303g") = Sm where m= 3g” [From ()} Case: When r = 1 a? = 4g" + 6g + 1= Sty? + 29) + 1 = tm + 1 where m = dg’ + 2y [From @)) CaseIT: When r =2 a? = Og? + 12g + 4 = 309g? + 4g + 1) + 1 = Sm + L where m= (877 + 4g + 1h [From (] Hence, square of any positive integer is either of the form $m or Sor +1 far some integer m. 2. Show that one and only one out of n, + 2,n + 4 is divisible by 3, where m is any positive integer. INCERT Exemplar] Sol. Lety be the quotient and rbe the remainder when 1 is divided by & Therefore, n= 39 47, wherer = 0.1 n= or r= Aptlorn=%yt2 sible by 8, butn + 2and m+ 4 are not divisible by 5. Sq + Lthen n+ 2= 29 + 8 = Sig + 1), which is divisible by 3 and nt 4= 3y +5, which is not divisible by 8, n= 3q 4 L,then n is not divisible by 3 So, only (e+ 2) is divisible by 3 Td. @SUPER_500ifm 3g + 2.then-n + 2 = q+ 4, which is nor divisible by 3 and (n+ 4) = 39 +6 = 3G + 2), which is divisible by 3. n= 3q + 2 then nis not divisible by 3. So, orily (e+ 4) iseivisible by 3. Hence, one and only one out of w, ( + 2), (1 + 4)is divisible by 3. 3. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HGF oft INERT] @) 960.and 482 dé) 4052 and 12576, (CBSE 2019 (C\(30/1/1)] Sol. (i) Since 960 > 452, we apply the division lemma ta 960 and 482, We have, 960 = 432 2 +96 Since the remainder 96 # 0, so we apply the division lemma to 432 and 96, We have, 192 = 96 4 +48 Again remainder 48 % 0 so we again apply division lemma to 96 and 48, We have, 96 = 18 x2 +0 ‘The remainder has naw become zcro. So our procedure stops. Since the divisor al this stage is 48. Hence, HGF of 960 and 439 is 48. ie HGF (60, 432) = 48 (3) Since 12576 > 4052, weapply the division lemma to 12576 and 4052, to get 12576 = 4052 x 3 + 420 Since the remainder 420 # 0, we apply the division lemma to 4052 and 420, to get 4052 = 420 <9 + 272 We consider the new divisor 420 and the new remainder 272, and apply the division lemma to get 420 = 272 1 + 148 We consider the new divisor 272 and the new remainder 148, and apply the division lemma wo ger 272 = 48x 1 + 124 We consider the new divisor 148 and Une new rermainder 124, and apply the division lemma toget 148 = 124 x 1+ 2d We consider the new divisor 124 and the new remainder 24, and apply the division lemma to get Ieee We consider the new divisor 24 and the new remainder 4, and apply the division lemma to get Mad G40 ‘The remainder has now become zero, s0 our procedure stops. Since the divisor at this stage is 4, the HCF of 12576 and 4052 is 4. 4. Using prime factorisation method, find the HCF and LCM of 30, 72 and 432. Also show that HCF ¥ LCM # product of the three numbers. Sol. Given numbers = 80, 72, 482 12 30 = 2% 3 x 5 72 = 2 x 3? and 432 = 2! x 3° Here, 2! and 3! are the smallest powers of the common factors 2 and $ respectively. So, HCF (30, 72, 439) = 9! xe 3'= 2X3 =6 A 2,3 and 5! are the greatest pawers of the prime factors 2, # and 5 respectively @SUPER_500Sol. a Sol x 8x 5! = 2160 HGF x 5x 2160 = 12960 Product of numbers = 30 % 72 x 432 = 933120 Therefore, HGF x LOM Product of the numbers. So, Prove that V5 is an irrational number. [CASE 2019 (30:5/1)] Let us assume, to the contrary, that _¥5 is a rational number, Then, thei vegers « and ly such that So, a= Squaring both sides, we have a? = 5b" =) = Sdividesa? = Sdividesa So, we can write a=5e (where is any integer) Putting the value of « = Se in (), we have Qhe* = 5b? > be = Itmeans 5 divides 4? and so 5 clivides d. So, 5 is acommon factor of both a and b which is a contradiction, So, our assumption that Jf isa rational number is wrong. Hence, we conclude that ¥5 isan irrational number. Show that 5 -V3 isan irrational number. NCERT] Let us assume that 5 — /3 isa rational number. $05 ~ y3 may be written as 5-3 1b, where p and garelintegets, having no common factor except | and g # U. q isa rational number as p and q are integers, Iso.a rational number which is a contradiction ‘Thus, our assumption is wrong, Hence, 5— 3 is an irrational number. Check whether 6" can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n, NCERT] Ivthe number 6", for any n, were to end with the digit zero, then it would be divisible by 5. That is, the prime factorisation of 6" would contain the prime 5. But 6" = (2 X 3)" = 2" x 8 so the primes in factorisation of 6" are 2 and 3. So the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of ‘Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other primes except 2 and So there is no natural number m for which 8” ends with digit zero, nthe Factorisation of 6" 13 @SUPER_500HOTS [Higher Order Thinking Skills] 14 1. Show that there is no positive integer n for which Vn—1 +n +1 is rational. Sol. Let there be a positive imeger m lor which Yn—1-+ nF be rational number, AT HET = Bs whovepsqareimogesanlg #0 é = ——_—--4 yu-l+ynt+1 s dn=l=Jn 41 4 = vn-1_g = P > int -vn=t = ti) Adding (i) and (fi), we get _ vamltdn tl tint 1 -vnm = ayant = PSE Bei is rational. Ale pq ¢ integer. AAy = is rational number as = vn—1 is also perfect square of positive integer. (BY From (A) and (B) OFT and Ya=T are perfect squares of positive integer. It contradics the fit that ta perfect squares differ at least by 3. Hence, there is no positive integer m for which y’a=1 + vn L is rational. 2, Let a,6,¢, k be rational numbers such that kis not a perfeet cube. If a + tk"? + ck then prove that @SUPER_500Sol. Given, @ + bh!" + ck” Multiplying both sides by A'"", we have abl + WPS + ck = 0 té) Multiplying (i) by 6 and (i) by and then subtracting, we have olf) (ab + BR + beh) — (ack + Bek + ch) = 0 > (GF acy! + ab P= 0 > WP ae =0 and ab—c*h = 0 [Since k! is irrational] > @Psac and ab=ck 2 Wace and abt = ke = aac) = Ak [By putting b? = ae inal? = oth) = akc Bet = = @ Ree =0 @- Fe = Qore=0 Now, a Be = 0 = = > Hence, ¢= 0 ind? =a = 0, wegets = 0 and ¢=Oina + bk + 2 = 0, we gera = 0 Hence,a = 6 == 0 8. Find the largest number which on dividing 1251, 9877 and 15628 leaves remainders 1, 2 and 8 respectively. [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2019 (30.3/3)] Sol. Given numbers are 1251, 9977 and 15628. Now as per question, subtract 1, 2 and 3 from respective numbers, 1251-1 = 1250 9377-2 = 9875 15628— 8 = 15625 Now HGF of 1250, 9875 and 15625 is a0 =9 xO KS KORE W975 =5X5X5KGMEMS 15625 =5 XX GXSKSXS Substituting © = Substituting x HOF 625 Roquited largest number is 625. 15 @SUPER_500PROFICIENCY EXERCISE 1 Objective Type Questions: [1 mark each] 1. Choose and write the correct option in each of the following questions. (i) The 82 (@) an integer (a rational (va natural number (@) an irrational number (i) Ifa and} are eo-prime numbers then a? and ## are (1 co-prime (seven number (@) odd number ii) The des (2) terminating (dy non-terminating (©) non-terminating non-repeating (a) none of them ie) For some integer a, every odd integer is of the form @Qa41 2a @atl @a (e) Wuhe LOM of p and 18 is 36 and the HICF ofp and 18 is 2 then p = (a2 3 (oa @ 2. Fill im the blanks. {The ratio bewween the LOM and HGF of’, 15,20 is (i) Lp is positive prime, then y'p isan number, (ii) HF of 168 and 126 is iv) The decimal representation of oa will terminate after decimal places. (v) Iftwo positive integers a and bare written as a = x°y" and 6 = x"; x,y are prime number then LOM is Lamy m Very Short Answer Question: [1 mark each] 3. Write whether ges +3v20 on simplification gives an irrational or a rational number, 2i5 [CBSE 2018 (C) 30/1)] 4. Find the rational number between 2 and 7. [CBSE 2019 (30/4/2)) 5. Write the number of zeros in the end of a number whose prime lactorization is Fx 8m 17 [CBSE 2019 (30/4/2)) 6. The LCM of two numbers is 9 times their TICE. The sum of LOM and HCF is 500. Find the HOF of two numbers. [CBSE 2019 (©) (80/1/1)) 7. What ean you say about the prime factoriation of the denominators of the rational number 0.1 8, Avational number in its decimal expansion is 1,712, What can you say about the prime factors ay 9. State whether 305 has terminating or non-terminating repeating di 29 10, What type of decimal expansion does S57 ike OAS aaa SRN TAMAR of q, when this apert is expressed in the form al expansion. have? 11. Ifewo positive integers ane b are ws then find HOF (a, ()- 12, 1/uwo positive integers and bare writen asa = 99% and b then find LCM (a,b). 18, After how many decimal places will the decimal expansion of the rational number terminate? Sy, where x, y are prime number terminate? 14. After how many places will the decimal expansion of 16 @SUPER_500Short Answer Questions-I: [2 marks each] 15. Given that 2 isirrational, prove that (5+ 84) isan irrational number [CBSE 2018 (80)1)] 16. Ona morning walk, three persons step out together and their steps measure 30 em, 86 cm and 40 em respectively. What is the minimum distance each shoulel walk so that exeh can eover Uhe same distance in complete steps? [CBSE 2019 (80/41) 17. Prove thatn” +n is divisible by 2 for any positive integer n. IGBSE 2019 (C) (401/1)) 18. The numbers 525 and 3000 are both divisible only by 8, 5, 15, 25 and 75. What ix HCF (595, 3000)? Justify your answer. 19, Can the numbers 6", n being a natural number end with the digit 5? Give reasons, 20. Given that LEM (26, 169) = 338, find HCF (26, 16 21. whether every positive integer can be of the form 4g + 2, whereg is an integer: Justily your 22, A positive integers of the form 3 + 1, g beinga natural number: Can you write its square in any form other than 3m + 1 ie, $m or 3m +2 for some integer m? Justify your answer. 28, Find the LGM of x —4 and x'~ 16. 1 Short Answer Questions-It 18 marks each] 24, Using Euclid’s division algorithm find the HCF of the numbers 867 and 255, [CBSE 2018 (©) 25. Prove that 2 + 5% isan irrational number, given that ¥/$ isan irrational number. [OASE 2019 (021) 26. Prove that y isan irrational number [EASE 2019 (80/9/1)] 27. Prove that 2 + 3y/3 isan irrational number when it is given that V3 isan irrational number. (CBSE 2019 (30/472) 28. Use Euclid’s algorithm to find the HOF of 4052 and 12576. [CBSE 2019 (6) (SO1)1)] 29. Show that 12" cannot end with the digit Dforany natural number n. —— (€J3SE 2020 (30/5)1)} 30, the HCF (210, 55) is expressible in the form 210 x 5 ~ 554, find y. 31. Findthe greatest number that willcivide 445, 572 and 699 leaving remainders 4, 5 and respectively 82. Write the denominator of the rational number 72 in the form 2 X 5", where m,n are non-negative integers. Henec, write its decimal expansion, without actual division 38. Using prime factorisation method, find the LCM of 21, 28, 36, 45. 34. Find the greatest number of 6 digits cxactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36. 35. Rahul takes 24 minutes to complete one round of circular track, while Sahil takes 18 minutes {or the same. Suppose they both start at the same time liom the same point and go in the same direction. Afier how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point? 36. Show that &* cannot end with the digit 2 for any n € N. 87, Express $825 as product of its prime factors using factor tree, 38, Show that the square of any odd integer is of the form 4g + 1, for some imeeger 9. 39, Show that 273 is an irrational number, 40, The length, breadth and height ofa room are 8 m 25 em, 6m 75cm and 4 m 50 em respectively 42, 43. Determine the longest rod which can measure the three dimensions of the room exactly. |. Ona morning walk, three persons step off together and their steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and 45 em respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance: in complete steps? [NCERT Fxempler] Find the LCM and HC¥ of 336 and 54 and verify that LOM x HCF = Product of the twe numbers, Find the largest number which divides $18 and 739 leaving remainder % and 4 respectively 17 @SUPER_500m Long Answer Questions: [4 marks each} 44, Show that cube of a positive integer of the form Oy + 7, qis an integer and r= 0, 1,2,8, 4, Bis also of the form 6m + r. 45. Show that one and only one outa, +4, e+ 8, n+ 12and n + 16 is divisible by 5, where n isuny positive imuger. (Hint: Any positive integer can be written in the form of dq, 3g + 1, 5q + 259 + 8, 8g + 4) 46, Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or Sm + | for some integer m 47, Show that the square ofan add positive integer can be of the form 6 + Lor 6y + 3 for some integer q [NGERT Exemplar) 48, Prove that 2+V5 isan irrational number, 49. Show that 3~ 5 isan irrational number. 50. Show that y+ \/q isan irrational number, where p,q are primes. 51. Prove that v5 isan irrational number and henee show that 5 + V5. is also an irrational number 52. For any positive integer n, prove thal * —n is divisible by 6. Answers 1. Gi) ) i) (a) (et) (e) (i) (a) we) 2 @ 12:1 Gi irrational (iii) 42 (iu) 4 (w) att 3. Rational 4. Any rational number between 14 and 2.6. 5. two 6. HCF = 50 4. Since 0.137 has nonsterminating repeating decimal expansion, its denominator has factors other than 2 or 3 8. 4 has the factors of the form 2" 5" for whole numbers wand m, 9, Terminating 1% Non-erminauing repealing 11, 5) rex 13.3 es 16. 360m 18. HGF = 75, as HGF is the highest common factor. 19. No, because 6" = (2 8)" = 9 X 34, so the only primes in the factorisation of 6 are 2 and 8, and not 5 20.15 21. No, because an integer can be writien in the form 49. 49 + 1. 4y + 24g + 3, 22. No, cg +1)" = oy + 6g +1 = 30g? 27) BT ch eT 23. + 4) 7-4) 24. HC 28.4 30.19 31. 63 82, 254, 0.0514 8B. 1260 34.9 [a] ts] (3 35. 72 minutes 3% [sats ff 41. 26200m 42. HCR= SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST Time allowed: 1 hour LEM =8024 4B. 108 SECTION A 1. Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. (ax1=4) (ep se ne posnve Sniegein i and’ are wrkicn dee ay) and eS WReEAE e bNe numbers, then LGM (a, 6) is (ay ty® Oy (oxy () none of these (ii) Ifthe HGF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65m 117, then the valuc of m is @a4 2 @u as 18 @SUPER_500(Hi) ‘The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational number is, (ee) always rational (b) abways ierational (e) one () rational or irrational i») Enelic’s division lemma states that for two positive integers a and 6, there exist unique integers q and r such that a = fy + r, where r must satisfy INCERT Earmplar| (leres Wocrsh (osreb Woeres 2, Fill in the blanks. @x1=3) () 2442 isa/an ; (ii) IFHICE (a, 5) = 2 and LOM f@, 6) = 27, the value of ab is (ii) A rational number can be expressed as terminating decimal when the factors of the denominator are in the form (x 1=3) (i) Ifthe LCM of x and 18 is 36 and the HGF of and 18 is 2 then find out the value of. (i) Find the least number w (ii) What is the least value of rin division lemma a = by + 1? SECTION B hh isa perfect square and is divisible by cach of 16,20 and 24. Solve the following questions. (3x2=6) 4. Prove that y2 isan irrational number, [CBSE 2019 (30/1/29) 5. Using Euclid's division algorithm, find HEF of 2048 and 960. [CBSE 2019 (80/2291 6, Show that 9* cannot end with digit-0 for any we A m Solve the following questions, (£x9=12) 7. Find HCF of (<* — 3x #2) and (c*— 4x + 3), 8. Find the least number that is divi le by first five even numbers. 9, Show that every positive odd integer is of the form (4y + 1) or (4g + 3). where gis some integer. 10. Show that are fan irrational AMiaber [CBSE 2089 (0/1/2)) Solve the following questions. (Gx 4= 12) LL. Use Euclid’s division lemma to sho Gm + Lor Sm +8. that the cube of any positive integer is of the form Ym, oR Find HOF and LOM of 404 and 96 and verify that HOF % LCM = Product of the two given numbers. CBSE 2018) 12. Show that one and only one out of n,n +2, +4 is divisible by 3, where » is any positive integer: 18. Show that the square of any positive integer cannot be of the form 5q + 2 or 5g +3 for any imegerg, Answers Lae ao (iy) () 2. (}) irrational number (it) 54 Git) 25" 3. @x=4 3600 Gi) 0 ‘B. td Tex-l 8. 120 ll. OR HCF = 4, LCM = 9696, nL 19 @SUPER_500BS ; ™~ Polynomials EL Slee ede Polynamiate Polynomial: an algebraic expression of ie fam oye tena Pla’ +. ay 4 iere 6.0, Bern 8 ae Fea UCN, we Mon negative integer ard = iscaleda polmamial of degrees, Degree: The highest power of xn apelynealp fibeal athe dagee of polynomial (i) Constant polynomial A palyromialp fr) of eegree zero is ‘caled a constant aoimamial and (2) ie oF thetoum & eee i) Linear polynomial ‘poynerial p(x) of agree one is Hines pyri aod p (eis cof be farin at + bavhere ab are ‘ee numve's and =@ —_———_——_ {i Quadtatie polynomial A pahnoral p(y) of degree two calles =adrats polynomeal and p(s) i8F he orm axl steeoe we ab ebrereal numeers and a0. —— (iv) Cubic polynomial polynomial p (aha degree three is called ‘cubic poynamial andy (eis ofthe form a) thet hex dahere a «are real urbe and « = 0. 49) Biquadsalic polynomial ‘A palymomial p (of segree fourie called b-ozadratic polynomial anc pb) el the formar +e} Fest dee. where ah ede, are real numbers and a 0 Division algorithm for polynomials Ip (shard @ are any v6 polynomials with ghe O then we can find polymomias g() and x) suighat Padma) els teh Where rE) = Cor degree of Gy degree of (3) Division's pevformed i ellowiny steps. Step Dive the highest dearer term of thecinicenel by the highest degres term of the vist nd obtain te remainder Step: the reainver ic o* degree of reraincSris les than th annotcontinus the division ary further if Cegree of emnainders equal tz or more than divisor, ther repeat tear? ffemainger + t= Osher gt actor of pt —_—_ Fer palynornalp (x) Properties: cance ted (Ds agroh ef ( we cis saidte bezeaat paloma (eifpte) = Properties: ) Gecrre:caly the 20980 polaris ys) tee x coorinates ofthe ais, where the eh of y=pte) itesecss oe (a) A polynomial of degree ‘u can fave atmoatn ros Tati. @ 0 are (@) both positive (®) both negative ©) one positive one negative (a) canit say 8. Ifthe zeros of the quadratic polynomial x + (a+ 1)x +5 are 2 and -8, then [CERT Exemplar] @a=-7b=-1 @a=5,b=-1 @) a=2b=-6 (a=0,b=-6 22 @SUPER_5004 10, LL. 12. 13, a. 16, Given that one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax* + bx” + cx +d is zero, the product of the other twe zeros is NCERE Bem] @ -= ws oo @-2 If-one of the zeros of a quadratic polynomial of the form x*+ax-+6 is the negative of the other, then it (@) has no linear term and the constant teri is negative. (®) has no lincar term and the constant term is positive. (©) can have a linear term but the constant term is ne @) can have a linear term but the constant term is po: If one of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (ht — 1) x + kx + 1 is 8, then the value of k fa [NCERT Bremplar] 4 @ > ® ‘The number of polynomials having zeros as 2 and Sis [NGERT Bermpler] @1 we os (@) more than 3 [fone of the zeros of the cubic polynomial s +ax* + By + ¢ is— 1, then the product of the other two zeroes is [NCERT Exemplar] (@) b-att W b-a-1 (a-b+1 @a-b-1 Ifone root of the polynomial p(y) = 5y" + 13y + m is reciprocal of other, then the value of m is @ 6 w)0 5 ot Given that two of the zeros of the cubic polynomial ax‘ + bx’ + cx + d are 0, the value of cis (a) less than 0 (0) greater than 0 (e) equal to 0 (d) can't say A quadratic polynomial with 3 and 2 as the su and product of its zeros respectively is (@@) 2+ 352 (h) x8- ax +2 @xr-xts (dy) P-2x- 3 A quadratic polynomial, whose zeros are 5 and — 8 is (a) x + 18e-40 (0) + de 3 (e) Se +40 (dy 2 + B40 ‘The number of polynomials having zeros 1 and -2 is @t w)2 os (@) more than 3 ‘The zeros of the quadratic polynomial x" + ke +4440 (@) both cannot be positive (@) both cannot be negative (©) are always equal (@) are always unequal The degree of the remainder r(x) when p(x) = bx? + cx +d is divided by a polynomial of degree dis (@) less than 4 ©) less than 3 &) equal to 3 (d) less than or equal to 8 Ifthe graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at exactly two poinis, then it (@) cannot be a lincar or a cubic polynomial (0) can be a quadratic polynomial only © canbe a cubic or a quadratic polynomial Ud) can bea linear or a quadratic polynornial 23 @SUPER_50017. fone zero of the quadratic polynomial x*-5y + k is 4 , then the value of his, fe) 96 H) 36 (18 is 18, Ifa polynomial of degree 6 is divided by a polynomial of degree 2, then the degree of the quotient is (@) less than 4 () less than 2 (©) equal to® (dy equal to 4 19. Which of the following is not the graph of a quadratic polynomial? [NCER? Exemplar] (a) @ «ay Fig. 23 (2 10a) 20. A quadratic polynomial with sum and product of its zeros as 8 and ~9 respectively is (a) ket 9 () 8-9 (9 F48"-9 (i) F489 ANSWERS Le 2) 3) 40 5. (a) 6. () 7 ld) Bo) 9% () 10 u. @) 12, id) 13. @) 4. @) 15. (6) 16. 17. 6) 18. (a) 18. (@) 20. (b) Fill in the Blanks Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s). 24 1 isnot equal to zero when the divisor is not a factor of dividend. 2. The algebraic expression in which the variable has non-negative integral exponents only ix called BA apolynomial of degree U. 4 We get the original polynomial if we multiply the together. 5. The highest power of a variable in a polynomial is called its @SUPER_5006A polynomial is of degree one. 7. Acubic polynomial is of degree 8 equation is valid for all values of its variables, 9, Alincar polynomial is represented by a 10. Degree of remainder is always than degree of divisor, LL. Degree ofa polynomial is not defined. 12, Graph of a quadratic polynomial isa 18. Sum of zer0s of a quadeatic polynomial fi? + ex + a 14, A quadratic polynomial can have atmost zcr05, 15. Number of zeros that a polynomial fix} = @e— 2)" +4 can have is - ‘Answers 1. Remainder 2. Polynomial 3. Constant 4, Factors—5. Degree 6. Linear 7. Th B.Tdemity 9. straight line 10, smaller / less 1. rere 12, Parabola 13. m2 15. wo a Very Short Answer Questions ‘The graphs of y = p(x) for some polynomials (for questions I to 4) are given below. Find the number of zeros in each case. NGERT] 1. 24 2 Fig. 27 25 @SUPER_500Sol. 1, ‘There is no zero as the graph docs not intersect the x-axis, 2. The number of zeros is four as the graph intexsects the x-axis at four points. 4. ‘The number of zeros is three as the graph imterseets the x-axis at three points 4. ‘The number of zeros is three as the graph interseets the x-axis at three points. 25-27) ‘What will be the quotient and remainder on division of ax* + be + eby pe’ + qe 4 re +5, p #0? Sol. 0,ae’ + bx + 6; as degree of di 6. If on division of a polynomial p(e) by a polynomial g(x), the quotient is zero, what is the relation between the degrees of p(s) and gtx)? Answer the following questions and justify your answers wr is greater than degree of divicend Since the quotient is zero, therefore deg pix) < deg gee) 7. Gan x= 2 be the remainder on division of a polynot Sol. No, as degree (x ~ 9) = degree (x + 3) 8, Find the quadratic polynomial whose zecos are - and 4, WCEWE Evemplar] $+4=1, Product of zeros = - 3 x 4=-12 pie) by x + 3? Sol. Sum af zeras xox 12 Roguired polynomial 9. Ione zero of the quadratic polynomial x" —Bx—6 is 6 then find the other zero. Sol. Let a, 6 be the zeros af given polynomial. Thena+6=5 = @=-l 10, Ifboth the zeros of the quadratic polynomial ax” + 5x +c are equal and opposite in sign, then find the value of 5. Sol. Let «and -a be the roots of given polynomial Trena+ cap Wr bp GPR sae. LL. What suenber should be added to the polynomial x — 5x + 4, so that $ is the zero of the polynomial? Sol. Let/ty) = be +4 Then fi) = 3 -8xS44=-2 For f(2) to be vero, 2amust be added to fee) 12, Can a quadratic polynomial x* + ke + k have equal zeros for some odd integer k > 17 Sol. No, for equal zeras, A? —4k = 0 ork = 0.4 =k should be even: 18, Ifthe zeros of a quadratic polynomial ax* + bx + care both negative, then can we say a, and call have the same sign? Justify your answer. Sol. Yes, because —2 = sum of zcros <0, so that 2 > 0. Also the product of the zeros = & > 0 ‘@ @ @ tersects the x-axis at only one point, can it be a quadratic 14. If the graph of a polynom polynomial? Sol. Yes, because every quadratic polynomial has al the most two zeros, 18, If the graph of a polynomial intersects the saxis at exactly two points, is it necessarily « quadratic polynomial? Sol. No, <'—1 isa polynomial intersecting the axis al exactly two points 26 @SUPER_500Short Answer Questions-| ttl CTT) 1, [fone of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial fix) = 4x* - 8ke - 9 is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign of the other, find the value of k. Sol. Let one root of the given polynomial be a. Then the other root =~ a Sum of the roots = Ca) + a= 0 b 8k = x0 or Bao or 2. [fone of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (k + 2)a* + kx + 4 is - 4, then find the value of h Sol. Since ~4 is a zero of the given polynomial 42) AP +e) +a a0 > Wet s2-4e+4=0 1th =~ 36 ka-8 3. If 1 isa zero of the polynomial p(s) = ax*— 3{a — I}e—I, then find the value of a. Sol, Put x= Lin pix) pil) = a(t S@=1) <1 = a-a+$-1=0 20 0 2a 4. Ifa and B are zeros of polynomial p(x) = x’ - Sx + G, then find the value of a + B-3af. Sol. Here, a+ B= of =6 = a+ f-Sah= 5-3 x6=-13 5. Find the zeros of the polynomial p(x) = 4x" = 12x + 9. Sol. p(s) = 4x" - 126+ 9= (2x — 3)" For zeros, pla) = 0 = Qe-3)e-3) =0 = «if zor 6. [fone root of the polynomial p(y) = 7y" + 14y + m is reciprocal of other, then find the walue ofm, 1 1 Sol. Let the roots be wand Then ee 5} orl 7. fe. and Bare setos of p(s) = e& +5) 4 +5) = 0 = et 5)@-4) = 0, > 54 zeros are- Sand 4 Short Answer Questior Find the veros of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between the zevos and the coefficients (Q, 1 - Q. 2). 1, 6x*-3—7e NCERT] Sol, Wehave, pix) = 6x" =3 - 7x po = G2—7e—3 {Un general form) Gx? Oy 4 Se = Be De —3) 4 1x3) =@r-39Gr +1 The zeros of polynomial pea) is given by py =0 = HOt E # ms mo Thus, the zeros of Ge? —7x—S are a = 5 and B = ~y Now, sum ofthe zeros = +8 4 (Cenlfciemt of =) _ Coefficient of x* ~ (Coefficient of =) z Therefore, sum of the ceros Coefficient of (5) Again, product of reros = ot and omstant term Coefficient of 28 @SUPER_500Therefore, product of zeros Hence verified, 2 du? + Bu NCERT] Sol, Wehave, pu) =u? +8u pte) = tw ee +2) The zeros of polynomial pfu) ix given by pu) =0 = duu +2=0 u=0, Thus, the zeros of 4u® + 8u are @ Now, sum of the zeros = a + B= 0 ~(Coefficient of w) _ 8 Coefficient ofa? 4 and p and ‘Therefore, sum of the zeros = Again, product of the zeros = a. fi = 0x (-2) = 0 and Therefore, product of zeros = = oe um = oeHficient of i 3. Check whether the first polynomial polynomial by the first polynomial: (x84 3x4 13x84 Se FeO + 2 GA -3,2e 4 3° —2e—9F-12—(NCERT] Sol. i) Wehave, 2a +2 49x + IBA EBe Te + et 1 factor of the second polynomial by dividing the second eax! plas" eds Dat Oe +2 att tvt2 0 Clearly, remainder is zero, 0.x? + Sw + Lis a factor of polynomial Set + 5x*— (ii) We have, $v $2. f+ +4 8-3) a8 430-97 —ar—19 ot 2 at 5 6r 3P tar? 91 12 e eae 0 Clearly, remainder is zero, 30 = Siva factor of polynomial 2r¢ + Se = 2? = 94 = 12, 29 @SUPER_5004. Sol. Sol. Sol. 30 Ifa and B are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2x" - 5x + 7, find a polynomial whose zeros are 2a. + $B and 3a + 2B. Since a and flare the zeros of the quadratic polynomial fis) = 23" —Sx + 7 5) 5 7 2 zy and oF Let § and P denote respectively the sum and product of the zeros of the required polynomial. Then, $= (2a +39) + (8a +26) =5(a +B) = 5x% = 2% and P= (2a + 8B) {Soe + 2) => P= 6a! + 68" + af = 60" + 6B" + 126p + of (a? + f* + 2aB) + af = Gla + p+ of 22242 atp a ox(3}+ 1 Hence, the required polynomial gtx) is given by gle) = kg? — Se +P) 5 cee oe Bes + AL) where ki What must be subtracted from p(x) = 8:' + [4x — 2c" + 7e— 8 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly: le by g(x) = 4x? + B22? Lety be subtracted from polynamial p(s) : Set + Lae av? + Te 8 pis exaetly di non-zero real number ble by te) Now, a ax? + 3x =2) 8x" # Lae 20 Bet 46x! p 4x® ax! + P+ 7x Bey Be! £60! pe <4 + 1Iy-8-y Sue? T4e—10 : Remainder should be 0, 4x 10-7 =0 or Mes10=y or y= Me 10 Hence (4¢= 10) should be subtracted from pts) so that it wil be exactly divisible by g(a) What must be added to fix) = 4x* + 20° - 2s? + x — 1 so that the resulting polynomial divisible by g(x) = 3° + 2x—3? By division algorithm, we have Fle) = gb) > gla) + ris) = fOr) = ge) eq) = fl) + Lats) = gts % gta) Clearly, RHS is divisible by g(x). Therefore, LHS is also divisible by g(x). Thus, if we add -riy) to /(). then the resulting polynomial is divisible by 2(). Let us now find the remainder when fis) is divided by g(x). @SUPER_5004x7 — 6x +22 2+ den 8) det t WP td av £80 F Ide “6 1st td e605 12x? 4 18 208 17¢=1 22a! 4 de 7 66 Gis + 65 Tix) =-6lx + 65 or rx) = 61x65 Hence, we should add —r(#) = 61x —65 to f(a) so that the resulting polynomial is divisible by gh 1. Find the ers ofthe qundrate polyoma 79°! — advert the relationship between zeros and the coficient. [CBSE 2018, (0211) 3 o it 2 Sol. Given: pis) = 1° 5 y-5 pitas jy) ol al ~. geely" Aly -) = Z(Rly* Ady + Sy 2) H7y8)-2) + 1)-9)) = HOH + ey-2) Equating pix) = 0 L = gy + 1)13y-2) <0 = Now, sum of zeros = and product of zeros Hence verified 8. If.qand are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial fix) = x° ~ 4x +3, find the value of atp? + atpt. [CBSE 2019, (80/4/1)] Sol. Given quadratic polynomial is fe) a8 te 4 8 Sum of zeros =a +B at and product of zeros, a8 = S. 1 at 4 BF = (at By 20B > aft p= (4y2-axa = 16-6 = 10 Now, aff? + a°Bt = f(a! + B%) = (5)? x10 = 9x10 = 90 a! +028" = 90 31 @SUPER_500to. Sol. LL. Sol. 12. Sol. 32 Afone zero of the polynomial 3x" - 8x + 2k + 1 is seven times the other, find the value of k, |. Let a.and B be the zeros of the polynomial. Then us per question fl = Ta: For what value of f, is the polynomial fic) = 8x4. c! 4 224 15x + 4 completely divisible by axt_5? fio = Stu! +a + Le +k ge Since f(x) is completely divisible by g(x). rr] = therefore by tong division Ge 10 kt lo But rie) = 0 k=O > k= =H [fone zero of polynomial (a + 9)s* + 18s + 6a is reciprocal of the other, find the value of a. Let one zero of the given polynomial be a. 1 Then, the other zerois 7 ‘Product ofzeros = ax b=1 > ba But, as per the given polynomial product of zeros = 2 1. as per the given polynomial product s= oy = 4 9=be are = bat = w-sfeo = a = as3 Hence, @ = 8, the polynomial @! + 28 + 82 + 12x + 18)i8 remainder comes out tbe (pe + 9)- Let fix) = (a + 2x? + By? + 12y + 18) and gée) = @ + 5) On dividing fee) by gte), we get 1d by another polynomial («+ 5), the @SUPER_500as Now, pe +q=2%+8= p=2.q=8 (By comparing the coefficient of ¥ and constant term). Long Answer Questions 1. Verify that the numbers given alongside the cubic polynomial below are its zeros. Also verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients. INCERT] - 4x? + 5x- 232,11 Sol. Let pie) = x*— 4x" + Se -2 On comparing with general palynomial px) = ax" + fact +e +d, we geta = [b= te = Band d=, Given zeros 2, 1.1 pO) = (2)' - 412)" +52) -2 and pd) = a) 40 + 54 Hence, 2, Land | are the zeros of the given cubic polynomial. Again, considera =2,p =1,y= ! a+psy=2sl4ia4 ba 2 se eager te ~(Coefficient oe Coefficient of x of + Br + yo = (2) (+ (DM) tH Qs2t1 +255 aid afin SE. = Coefficient of x" apy =) (0) =2 ~ (Constant term) = 16+ 10= 445-250 and fir = Coefficient of x3 2. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum of the zeros, sum of the products of its zeros taken (wo ata time, and the product of its zeros as 2, -7, =14 respectively. INCERT] Sol. Let the eubie polynomial be pix} = ax” + bx? + ox + d. Then ae suttarte prodcu of sera iaken twoslatime = Sum of zeros = and product of the zeros = —4=. 7 a a + : ple) sax? + bs toe td = 33 @SUPER_5003 Sol. Sol. Then, 34 ple =a +2 + Te + a] pt) als Te + A] mint 14 x) — Sat 2c + 24, ifit is given that the product of its, For real value ofa = 1, p(x) == 2s" fod stich that af) = 12 ) tm 5 aB+By+ a= Putting oB = 12in oy = -24, we get 12y = -24 = Now, a+BP+y=5 => = 7 = = (7-B)B=12 [v oB= 2] = 1B-B' = 12 = P-p+ =o > — P-sp-4B + 12=0 > AAB-3)-4(B- > (B-4)(B-3)=0 > P=4 or P=5 a=% ora=4 So, zeroes of fix) are 8, 4,—2 If the remainder on division of x' ~ fx" + 13x = 21 by 2x ~ 1 is ~21, find the quotient and the value of &. Hence, find the zeros of the cubic polynomial x* = kx” + 13, Let ffx) = 23 —ha? + 18 — 21 1 Ly (LF aft Ag)=21 = (5) =#($) + w3p)-2r=-2r Liga f i ar or LUST ono of be ye B ferns 413-91 ae Now, fe) = glo)(@e~ 1) 21 = ABP sise-at=ganex-1y-at = (8B site) e-n=90) bes +1de=(2e—1)(J8"-13}= $x (2x-1)e-26) 53 ve a 1 vax : 2 agg Beves For zeros, “oe +18x=0 = yx(2x-1)(%-26)-0 = x=0, or 26 Obtain all other zeros of 3x" + 6x" — 2x" — 10e— - ween |. Since two zeros are ,/2 and -, isa factor of the vs given polynomial Now, we divide the given polynomial by (x @SUPER_500So, | eet + 6+ 5) Now, f+ G+ 35 SQ" + 2+ 1) s3e4 IPs 80+ Net So its zeros ate -1, 1. Ths, all the zeros of given polynom 3,-V579.-Land=1 6. Given that V2 isa zero of the cubic polynomial §x* + 2x" — 10x —4y/2 ; find its other zeros. INCERT Exemplar) Sol. The given polynomial is /(x) = (6° + 42° —10—4y/9}. Since V2 is the zero of fix), it follows that (= ¥2) is a factor of fl. On dividing jie) by (&- 72) , we get Gx? + 72a 4 x2) Gx’ + 2x? —10y= 4/2 tx = Gy Bet FV2e = 10x 9H — 1s reer] uz tue 0 = te VEMGN HTVBatH=O = G- VBSVER +4) WEF =O SYBxt4=0, y¥Bxt1=0 nd all zeros offs} are V3, HOTS [Higher Order Thinking Skills] 1. Ifa, , ye zeros of polynomial 6x’ + 3x*- 5x + 1, then find the value of a"! + fr! + y". Sol. phe) = 60 + Sx? be 4 50 a = 6b =8e=-5,d = 1 ‘ and y are zeros of the polynomial pic). atptr= optey+By=£=75 and ofr =a f= 2 lap taptelyly la brtartab _ —56 Now olapteyta ge had a Altea as oe 2. Find the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = x" ~ 12x" + 39x ~ 28, if itis given that the zeros are in AP. Sol. Let 0, B.y are the zeros of fix). Ifa, fy arc in AB. then, 35 @SUPER_500B Sol. B-a=y-8 2 i) a+B+y = elit Froun (i) and (i) Q=12-P or SB=12 or Pat Putting the value of B in (), we have S=aty Ai) d 28) apy =-4 ) 298 (ay4=28 or ay or to 7 Putting the value of 7=< in ih, we get 7 = Baath = Bana’+7 = at-Ba+7=0 = a-fa-la+7=0 = aa-%)-l(a-7)=0 = (a-l)(@-7)=0 > or a=7 Puttin we get Putting e = we get ss or or ysl and and p=4 zeros are 1. 7,4 neros are 7,4, 1 Hence zeros are 14,7 0r 7, 4,1 If the polynomial f(x) = x* = 6x’ + 16x” = 25x + 10 is divided by another polynomial x? = 2x + A, the remainder comes out to be x + a, Find # and a. NCERT] By division algorithm, we have Dividend = Divisor ¥ Quotient + Remainder end Remainder = Divisor x Quotient snd ~ Remainder is always divisible by the When fia)=«! — Gx"+ 1fix”— 250+ 10 is divided by s°— 2x-+h the remainder comes out to box + @, 2 fle)= Get a) =x" Ge + 162 295 + 1-H) x46 + Gx? - Bax + 10-2 is exactly divisible by x" —2e +k Let us now divide 4-9 + 16+! 268 + 10a bys? 3s +h xia dx + (8-0) xf -2e+h)a?—Gx! + 16x® 260+ 10-0 isor Gx? + 16x? - 268 + 10a xt g's hy? = 4 + (16-3? — 26+ 10-0 FAB? gah (8—Hx?— (2B-Hi)x + 10 & (BAe? 5(16 ~ 2k) (Bk- HP) {= 10 +2h)x + (10-08 +) For f(x) — (w + a) = x" Ge" & 16x" — 26x + 10 —a to be exactly divisible by x have (-10 + 2k) x + (10a ~ 8k # F) = 0 for allx 10 + 2k = Oand 10 -a— 8h + AF 2k +k, we must @SUPER_500PROFICIENCY EXERCISE ‘Objective Type Questions: [1 mark each] 1. Choose and write the correct option in each of the following questions. {Qe Randa ave sere WBE we Behe he vabieol te Br we ws ol ws (8) If two of the zeros of the cubic polynomial ax’ + Ix + cx +d are 0, then the third zero is -d eS oF ws o @ (iii) Phe product of the zeros of the polynomial 4x! + Se + 7 is 3 7 w-5 Oy G0) A quadzatic polynomial with sum and product ofits zeros as 8 and = 4 respectively is (at—Be +9 @)at—Bx-9 (2 £ax-9 @st 4 ee49 (b-1) + be + Lis =3)then the valve oft (e) [fone of the zeros of the quadratic polynami oF ® 2. Fill in the blanks {i) Whe product of zeros of the polynomials? — Ux +a is 8, thenlits zeros are sane G) IFthe polynomial) = Xho + +2 is exacly visible by (e+ 1) then the value off is 4 =2 oF @ iii) Zeros of the quadratic polynomial (2 15 are’ and Ge) IB is a zero of fx) then is onc of the factors of fx). (@) Graph of a cubie polynomial euts #-axis at atmost points. © Very Short Answer Questions: [1 mark each] 3. Mone zero of the quadratic polynomial a? + x= 4, Find the other zero of the quadratic polynomial 3? + 7y = 60 if one zero is ~12. 5. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are ~ 8 andl ~5. 6. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are 2 and — 6. is -2, lind the other zero. 4. What number should be added w the polynomial x? + 7x ~ 85 so that § is the cero of the polynomial? The graph of y = p(s) for some polynomials (Q 8 10 9) are given below, Find the number of zeros in each case. 8 37 @SUPER_50010, Gan y + 5 be the remainder on division ofa p AL. Can 3? = | be the quot 12. [fon division of a polynomial p(x) by a polynomial gd, the quotient is zero, what is the relation between the degrees of pix) and gtx)? atic polynomial ist = x? + ake ~ 25 ismegative of the other find the valucof romial fiy) by y= 2 on division of + Qv? 4 «| by a polynomial in x of degree 5? 1%, Ifonezero ofthe qu m Short Answer Questions-I: [2 marks each) Short Answer Questions-II 38 11 Hd B 15, Ifa and zy are the zeros of polynomial 4s" —2x + (hf), then find the value of k. 14, Ha, are the zeros of the polynomial fla} = <4 — Sx + 2, then fi 16. [the sum of the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = 2x" — Bh® + 4e—5 is 6, then find the value of 17. If isthe zero of the quadratic polynomial x” + d= 5 18, Find the zeros of the polynomial fy" — Ly + 2. 19. [fone of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (k — 2)e* — 2x — (k + 5) i) i Find che value off 20. Ifa fi are the zeros of the polynomial a” + x~6, find the value of 7 e nd the quatient and the value of k + B® = 40, find the valuc of then find the value of k 21. Lfthe remainder on division ofx* + 2c" + ke + 3 by x—3is 21, 22, fa, Barc the two zeros of the polynomial fy} = ° ~ 8 +a and 28. Lfeand Bare zeros of fix) = <° + x— 1, then find of + off. [3 marks each] ial f(x) = ko? + Ye + 8k is equal to their product, 24. I'the sum of the zeros of the quadratic polyno find the value of 25, Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and product of the zeros respectively. 28 5 3-1 a5 Op35 (ii) O45 id) Fg @) Sis Also find the zeros of those polynomials by factorisation, 26. Find the zeros of the following polynomials and verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients of the polynomials. Oa" + ro Git) 9 ell 2 3-5 (it) p= 30 - He + 6y3 @) eG + Ip 41) Ga) fa 4-2 ether gi) is 4 factor of p(x} by dlividing the first polynomial by the second polynomial: 10 pls) = an + Set Be +7, gle) = 2x 1 27. @SUPER_500(i) pee) = x45 +6, ge = 2-2" Gi) pl) = 182 1F + 1 + 1, te) = Be ee 2B. Ife -Qpisa ctor of + ax? + le + 16 and b = 4a, lind the values ofa and by 29. Lfaand Bare the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 3x” = Sx = 2, then evaluate a” + B”, 80. If @ and fare the veros of the quadratic polynomial f(t) = 2 — f(l £ 1) = «, show that (at Hip + l= 1c 31. What must be subtracted from x" = Gx? + 13x = 6 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly divisible by? +x + 17 32. What must be added to fir) = x" + 2c" - 2x" +.x- 1, so that the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(x) =x? + Qe 3? 38. [the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x? + (a + I)x + bare 2 and — 3, then finel a and b. 34. Find the zeros of the polynomial x2-+ Fx =2 and verify the relation bewween the coefficients and the zeros of the polynomial, [NCERT Brempler] 38, Obtain all zcros of Sx! — 18x" + 138 + 25e— Bi v0 offs zoros are y/F [CBSE 2018 (C) 30/1] 36. Find the value of f such that the polynomial #—(k + 6) + 2 (2k) has sum of ts zevos equal to hall of their product. [EASE 2019 ¢€) a0/1/1] 87. Check whether g(x) is a factor of pla} by dividing polynomial p(s) by polynomial gis), where pie) = 2° —4e +? + Set hs) exh Be + [CBSE 2019 (6) 80881] 38, Find all the zeros of the polynomial x* + x* = 14x" = 2x + 24 if'two of its zeroes are y'2 and <2 [CBSE 2019 (€) 3081] 39. Apply division algorithm to cheek if g(x) x + 2 isa factor of the polynomial fo) =! 26! 4 2. (CBSE 2019 ¢C) 8029/2) 40, Find all the zeroes of 2x" - 8c! + 19" + Tx - 8, if you know that two of its zeroes are 2+ ySand2—- 3. [CBSE 2019 ¢¢2) $0/1/1] Long Answer Questions: [4 marks each] 41, Given that x=¥/5 is factor of the cubic polynomial x°~ 3/5 x" + 13x =3¥5, find all the zeros of the polynomial. INCERT Exemplar] 42. Ho.and Bare zeros of polynomial f(x) = 2c? + I lx + 5, then find eae ib. atte) gt g- 208 43, Ifcand Bare the zeros of the polynomial /(e) = de — 5x + 1, find a quadratic polynomial whose oF and? vers are Foand i 44. On dividing the polynomial f(x) = x' = 5x” + Gy = 4 by a polynomial g(x), the quotient and remainder arex ~ $ and ~3« + 5 respeetively: Find the polynomial g¢e) 45, Verify thar the numbers given alongside the cubic polynomials below are their zeros, Also verify the relationship between the zeros and the cocflicients, OPP ar eG QL MW + HAHA 48, (i) Obiain all other zeros of 2x* + 7x" 19s" — Lx + 30, iftwo ofits zcvos are v2 and -y¥2 (@) Obtain all other zeros of 2x* + x? — Gx —8, iftwo of its zeros are —/F and vF 39 @SUPER_500Answers LOO we in ) ® ©) @) BR@L8 (-2 (ii) =V15; ¥15 Ge) @-B) (v) three a1 B24 meh IS kta 15 a1 10, No 1. No 12, dog 0) < deg et) 13, 4=0 15k 16.4 114 L 13 , 7 wba 20.3 Me be antquoien ar tae 220 2 23.1 25.) Fk? = B= SE wa) x 4552094 294 1 oye, 5 4 (46g? —sor+5); 4, ai ee ee (16x" — 42 +5); gy 2. Git) 30, 30 Ge ») at wy BL 26. (i) 2,2 (a) 80,80 Gen 7 oat wes 27. @) No Gi) No i) Vex 28,052,428 29, BLim+t S2x-2 8.e=0,b=-6 s. scroes te 5 (s ce B-fiams 37, Since remainder # 0». g¢e) isa factor of pte), remainder = 2, Quotient = x* 98. All xeroes are -4, 3, 42,— y% 39. Quotient =x’ +x + 1, Remainder = G, yes g(x) is factor of fix) 40. 2+ 8,2 Y8,-Land $41, y5, 18+ /B,18,-¥9 az AO0OE gy BE 43. 6? 6m +4) M8 2649 46,0) VBwB—Sand 3 Ge Vi,-VSand SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST. Time allowed: 1 hour Max. marks: SECTION A 1. Ghoose and write the correct option in the following questions. (x1=4) (A quadratic polynomial, whose zeros are 8 and 4, i @8-et @etee @y-3-8 (0) Be 4 Wed Gi) The zeros of the quadratic polynomial x" + 99x + 127 are (a) both positive (by both negative (6 one positive and.one negative (@y both equal Git) The zeros of the quadratic polynomial ax! + bx + 6, ¢ # Oare equal, then (a) and « have opposite signs (by cand # have opposite signs (@)eand a have the same sign d)eand 6 have the same sign (@): Product ofserovola eubse polynomial is “d é a ~ wm we ot ms 2, Fillin the blanks. (@x1=3) (Graph of a quadratic polynomial is shape of a fa > 0. as Im of zeros of a cubic polynomial is, 40 @SUPER_500denoted as (i) ‘The value of polynomial pix) at = 5. Solve the following questions. @x1=3) (i) Ifa and 8 are zeres of the quadratic polynomial f (») = xt x ~4, then find the value of it ety (i) Whe square of dilference of the cevos of the quadratic polynomial x2 +x + 45 is equal to 44, Find out the value of p i. OR Git) TF the sum of zeros of the polynomial = += =5 is zero, then what is the product of zeros of the given polynomial? SECTION B 1m Solve the following questions. (8x2 =6) 4 La and Bare the zeros of the quadratic polynomial jx) = 3x” - Sx — 2, then evaluate 44 ge : 8 ® ote @ ota 5. LU the polynomial fx) = ax* + bx — c is divisible by the polynomial g(x) = x + Bx + ¢, then find the value of ab. 6. Ione root of the polynomial ix) =a? + fx + k is reciprocal of the ther, find the value of k 1m Solve the following questions. (4x3 12) 9. HE and ~S.are the zeros of the polynomial ax? + 7x + 5, then find the vabucs of and b. n= 8, Lis + 4) isa factor of two polynomials? + px + qand a? + mx + then prove that 9, Find the cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of the products of its zeros taken two ata time, and the products of its zeros as—3, -8 and 2 respectively jen that VB isa zero of the polynomial x? + 2°34 - 8, find its other to zeros. 10. 1B Solve the following questions. (@X4= 12) IL. [fceand Bare the zeros of the quadratic polynomial fla) = 3x” ~ 7x6, find a polynomial whose zeros are (i) a® and B® (i) 2a. + 3Ppand Se + 2p 12, Find all zeros of the polynomial (2x* = ax*+ 5x” + 3x <1) if two of its zeros are (2 + 3) and (2-3), [CSE 2018 (30/1)] 13, 1 Uhe zeros of the polynomial ix) = 3° — tx*—Ge + 8 are of the form a—b,a, + b, find all the zeros. La Answers LOO GO) i) © wo) @ 2. (i) parabola > wi) Pw 2 OR gas (i) a 40 FOE BL 6k 9. x45? ae 2 10. -¥5,-1 1. FOR 8e+ 35) GH) EGe 850+ 99) 12. (2 + 5102-43), 2 and1 13, -2, land 4or4, Land -2 in 4l @SUPER_500Pair o ear uations in Two Variables ELS dt eee CR Uiewer Genin Eee ‘Algebraic expression: combination of nanstants and variebles, connected by Your fundamental arthmetica operations of +. . x and + In called 36 algebraic exressiod For example, 2° + 4yy —5\“ie analgesic exveasion ——— Equation: &nalaebrnic expression with Soules Sigh =) is called the Sea ‘witout an ‘eaves ts.n eesti or Fovecompleix-+5 = 0 isan edustion, butisy + 9 isan excressicr atin: Seliaeenennd Linear equation: fhe greatest expanentaf thaarablele) in 2n equation lone,thahvedlatin is said tobe a linear equation, For example, 2x + 3 =, 2r+2y = 0 ‘I thenumser of variables used in ines equation is coe, ten eq¥ation is said fe be inaar equation in one variable For example, dx + 4= 0 $y +18 = 0; 21#18 = 0, ands 07, * the num: oF variables used in inearequation is we atin Brust is sald tobe linear equation in two vara For example, 3x +2y 012 4c¥6e = 24, y+ # VBiate. Thus, eoualion of the foem ax +p += 0 where a be ronzera teal numbers (Lea, #0) ae called near equat ons in two variabiew A Solution: Soution(s) is/arethe yaluvalucs for Ue yoriablets} used in equation which make(S) the two ede the equaton equal. '¢ Pwo linear equations of the fim a hy ¢» 5 taker together form 2 sytem of linesr equations, end pair f values ofr andy satisFing each one ofthe given equations caled @ solunon ofthe system, '# Te get the soluton of smultaneous lines’ equations, two methods ore used: Graphical method {i} Algebraic method Graphical Method {2} feo or mere pairs of valves for x and y which satisfy the civen equation are joined on paper, we-get the graph of tke given equation ©) Every sO ulloriae. yb here aand are real nuntbers), of tre gen equation daterrines 8 point (a, A} mbich ses er the rst ofin, {6} Every pointed) Hag ontheline deterninesa solution x= = dof the glven equation Thus, {nels knownas the graph af the ‘gveneq.atan, (a) The grapnetepairoflinessequationsin two veriablesisrepresentedby twolings, eae eee ara er eae eee snes ‘dh case, he pai ol equations is consistentalsointersectiigport (8) > is sohution, {ifthe tes coincide thenthere are ifielyrary slatlanseach polnten the nebengasolitin.Inthiscace thepsirof equatansigcansicion. (a) itthel nes ere para thenthepai of equations has na aclution In thisease the pa of equationsisincansistet gE EE ASE ge ee et __, J 42 Kam idea @SUPER_500im afer ay bea system of seuanions ini vate « ansysuchthat 4% that i aang neti stncs , Ae 2 > Conditions for solvability (or consistency) Hapair oflinese equations: + 9+ 6; = Mand age yy + cy=O, then the folowing sityations ean aise= ieee) Oath inthis cas “equations has a unique solution (zonsistent pair of equations), of linear equaticr's has na seltion (inconsistent pair of equations). case. their of nea equations as nin tey many solos (consistent pairof 8) @SUPER_500UST Sn SS a 17 System of linear equations: A puir of lincar equations in two variables is said to be a system of two linear equations in two variables. For example, 2¢ + 3p = 5 and.x + 2y = 3 are system of simultaneous linear variables. squations in we jution of system of linear equations: A pair of values of x and y satisfying each one of the equations in a given system of pair of linear equations in x and y is called solution of the given system. For example, v= =1 and y = 2 is solution of system of linear equationsx + 2y = 3,4 + 3 as these value of wand y satisfy each of them LHS =-1+2%2=-1+4=5=RHS and LHS =4% GI) 43% 2=4+6=2=RHS CF Consistent system of linear equations: A system of linear equations is said to be consistent, iffit has at least one solution (1 Inconsistent system of linear equation: A system of linear equations is said to be inconsistemt, if it has no solution. 2Qu+3 dx +0 For example, i] is inconsistent because there is no value of x and y whicl satisty both equations of abo) ys i ark | Choose and write the correct option in the following questions, Multiple Choice Questio 1. fa pair of linear equations has initely many solutions, then the lines representing them will be (@) parallel (©) intersecting or coincident (6) always intersecting () always coincident 2. [the lines given by $x + By = Qand 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then value of kis, ‘ INGER Exemplar] OF oF OF 3. [fam # bi, then the system of equatior sax + by See tmy =n (@) has a unique solution (@) has no solution () has infinitely many solutions (@) may or may not have a solution 4. Hix = a,y = bis the solution of the equations x- y = 2 and + y = 4, then the values of a and b are, respectively [NCERT Exemplar] (@) Sand 5 (6) Sand 3 (© Sand 1 (a) -V and =3 5. The father’s age is six times his son's age. Four years hence, the age of the father will be four fimes his son. The present ages (in years) of the son and the father are, respectively. INGERY Exemplar] (@) Aand 24 (6) Sand 30 (©) Band 36 (@ Sand 24 44 @SUPER_5007. Lo. a. 12. 13, 14, 18, 16. 17 18, 24 The pair of equations 5 x— 15) = 8 and 8x9 = > has INCERT Exemplar] (a) one solution —_ (6) two solutions (©) infinite solutions (@) no solution The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, the digit of number get reversed. The number is [NCERT Exempler] (a) 35 72 (0) 63 (dy 36 The value of k for which the system of equations 2x + ky = 12,x + 3y-4= Qare inconsistent is 2 A a (a) 4 (b) 6 6 (d) 3 ‘The pair of equations x = @ andy = 6 graphically represents lines which are INGER? Bxempleir] (@) parallel (6) intersecting at 2} (€) coincident (@) intersecting at (@, 8) ‘The pair of equations y = O andy = —7/has [NGERT Exempler] (@) one solution @) two solutions (©) infinitely many solutions (@) no solution Ifa pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be [NCERT Exrmpler] (parallel (©) always coincident &) intersecting or coincident (@) always intersecting Graphically, the pair of equations [NCERT Exempler] Gx - By + 10 = 0; 2x—y +9 = 0 represents two lines which are (@) intersecting at exactly one point (©) intersecting at exactly two points ©) coincident (d) parallel Ife - By = Zand (a + bye — (a +b 3)y = 4a + b represent coincident lines, then @ and satisfy the equation @a+s=0 Bat 0 ©) a-5b=0 Sa =0 Five years ago, A was thrice as old as B and ten years later, 4 shall be twice as old as B. What is the present age of 4? @ 0 6) 50 () 60 (a) 40 The area of the triangle formed by the line ~ +7 = 1 with the coordinate axes is 1 ti (a) ab (6) 2ab fe) ab @) gab (One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is — 5x 47y = 2. The second equation can be (@) Wet lay +4=0 (©) -10r— Lay + 4= 0 (e) <0 + ay 44 (@) 10x dy =—4 A pair of linear equations which has a unique solution x = 3,y = -2 is styl Ww tsyt4=0 y= 1 @ 2 © tet ty+8 © yaa =0 ‘The pair of equations x +2y +5 = 0 and Sx ~6y + | = O have INGERT Exemplar] @) a unique solution (©) exactly two solutions (© infinitely many solutions {@) no solution 45 @SUPER_500