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Karbon Cam Karşılaştırma 2
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Abstract
Fiber reinforced polymer composite materials are gradually substituting traditional metallic
materials because of their high specific strength and better corrosion resistance. However, the
cost of the composites is still higher than the traditional materials. Different fibres are used in
polymer matrix composites. Glass and carbon fiber are one of the promising reinforcements in
polymer matrix composites. In this project, a comparison of mechanical properties and
erosion resistance has been investigated for glass and carbon fiber composites. The
composites were fabricated by hand lay-up technique. Different molding loads were applied
during the curing process of composites. The effects of molding loads on tensile strength,
modulus and wear resistance of the composites were evaluated. It is observed that with
increase in molding load, the tensile strength, modulus and wear resistance decreases. In this
work, it is observed that the optimum molding load to achieve better mechanical properties is
10 kg.
Keywords: Carbon fibre, glass fibre, composite materials, mechanical properties, tensile test,
air erosion test
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 66
Mechanical Properties of Glass and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Tripathy et al.
Carbon fibre can be reinforced with polymers epoxy composite separately. The composites
such as plastic resin to form carbon fibre were made through hand lay-up technique.
reinforced polymer which will have the The properties of these two types of
combined properties of carbon fibre as well as composites were evaluated and then compared
the polymer. This has a very high strength-to- analytically. Table 1 presents the comparison
weight ratio and makes it extremely rigid [3]. of properties of the materials.
Non-polymer materials can be used as matrix
for carbon fibres. But due to formation of Three different amounts of load were applied
carbides and also observed corrosion, carbon on the glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites
fibre finds very little application in metal and their mechanical properties like ultimate
matrix composites. tensile strength, Young’s modulus and wear
resistance were studied. The optimum loading
The objective of this project has been to condition was determined and then compared
fabricate glass fibre reinforced epoxy with carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite.
composite as well as carbon fibre reinforced Example shown in Fig 1 and Fig 2.
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 67
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
Volume 8, Issue 2
ISSN: 2249-8613 (Online), ISSN: 2321-5151 (Print)
IMPLEMENTATION
The materials used for the fabrication of
composites were as follows:
• Glass fibre,
• Carbon fibre,
• Epoxy resin,
• Releasing teflon sheet,
• Heavy duty silicon spray,
• Hardener,
• Brushes,
• Roller,
• Mugs and scissors, Fig. 4: The Cut Glass Fibre Laminates.
• Marble Cutter, and
• Weighing Machine. Testing for Tensile Strength and Modulus
The cut glass fibre composites were then taken
Flow Chart for Fabrication of Composites for tensile test in the Universal Testing
Step-1 Cut and measure the weight of fiber, Machine (UTM) (Figures 5 and 6).
weight of epoxy and hardener.
Step-2 Cut the releasing sheet and spray the Air Jet Erosion Test
releasing reagent on it. Samples of the fibre composites were cut at a
Step-3 Mixing of epoxy and hardener gently. dimension of (2.54×2.54) cm2 for the air
Step-4 Put the mixture on releasing/teflon erosion test. The objective was to find out the
sheet through a brush. rate of loss of mass in the samples of the glass
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 68
Mechanical Properties of Glass and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Tripathy et al.
fibre and carbon fibre epoxy composites and to The initial weights of the samples were
determine which loaded specimen had the recorded. The parameters such as pressure of
maximum erosion resistance. the air jet, erodent discharge rate, duration was
set accordingly. The final weights after the
experiment were recorded. The difference
(loss) in weight was calculated. Erosion per
unit time was determined. Hence erosion
resistance could be analysed (Figure 7).
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 69
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
Volume 8, Issue 2
ISSN: 2249-8613 (Online), ISSN: 2321-5151 (Print)
Young’s Modulus
It is the measure of the stiffness of the
material. It provides the relationship between
stress and strain developed within a material
when they are proportional.
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 70
Mechanical Properties of Glass and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Tripathy et al.
Fig. 14: Effect of Molding Loads on Ultimate Fig. 15: Effect of Molding Loads on Young’s
Tensile Strength of Glass Fibre Laminate. Modulus of Glass Fibre Laminate.
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 71
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
Volume 8, Issue 2
ISSN: 2249-8613 (Online), ISSN: 2321-5151 (Print)
Figure 14 shows that the ultimate tensile and 0.0618 gm/min for 10, 14 and 22 kg
strength is maximum at 10 kg load, followed respectively.
by 22 kg and the least at 14 kg i.e., the
specimen loaded at 10 kg could withstand the
maximum load before fracture. Figure 15
shows that Young’s modulus is the highest in
case of the 10 kg load, followed by the 22 kg
load and then 14 kg. This means the specimen
loaded at 10 kg had the highest stress to strain
ratio within the proportionality limit.
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 72
Mechanical Properties of Glass and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Tripathy et al.
Table 6: Experimental Parameters and Results for Air Erosion Test of Carbon Fibre Laminate.
Test Pressure Erodent Discharge Rate Time Initial Final Difference in Rate of Loss in Weight
No. (bar) (mm/min) (min) Weight Weight Weight (gm) (gm/min)
(gm) (gm)
1 1.5 12.5 2 1.3670 1.3596 0.0074 0.0037
2 1.5 12.5 3 1.4797 1.4672 0.0125 0.0041
Mean rate of loss in weight =0.0051 gm/min.
Table 7: Mean Data for Air Erosion Test Figure 19 shows that air erosion rate is greater
(Glass Fibre). in case of glass fibre reinforced epoxy
Load (kg) Air Erosion Rate (gm/min) composite than that of carbon fibre reinforced
10 0.0052 epoxy composite. Hence this indicates that
14 0.0095 carbon fibre-epoxy composite has greater
resistance to erosion than glass fibre-epoxy
22 0.0618
composite.
CONCLUSION
After completion of this project work, it has
been found that with increase in moulding
load, tensile strength and modulus decreases.
Optimum tensile strength is observed at 10 kg
moulding load. Rate of erosion is maximum at
22 kg and minimum at 10 kg. Therefore, it is
recommended that 10 kg moulding load need
to be applied to have better laminates. Also, it
has been proved that carbon fibre reinforced
epoxy composite has greater resistance to
erosion than glass fibre reinforced epoxy
composite.
Fig. 18: Effect of Moulding Loads on Air
Erosion Rate (Glass Fibre Laminates).
Furthermore, effect of glass fiber and carbon
fiber sequence in hybrid laminates need to be
Figure 18 shows that air erosion rate is
investigated to optimise the mechanical and
minimum at 10 kg load and maximum at 22 kg
erosion properties of this new class of
load. This implies that the sample at 10 kg
composites. However, all the composites may
load had the maximum resistance to erosion.
be fabricated with hand lay-up technique with
moulding load of 10 kg.
REFERENCES
1. Wikipedia. Glass Fiber.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Glass_fiber
2. Xiaosong Huang. Fabrication and
Properties of Carbon Fibers. Materials.
2009; 2: 2369–2403p.
3. Innovative Composite Engineering. What
is Carbon Fibre? [Online] available:
http://www.innovativecomposite.com/
what-is-carbon-fiber/
4. Composites Manufacturing. What will
Drive Composites Growth in 2015? 2015.
Fig. 19: Comparison of Air Erosion Rate [Online] Available: http://
between Glass Fibre and Carbon Fibre compositesmanufacturingmagazine.com/2
Laminates.
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 73
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
Volume 8, Issue 2
ISSN: 2249-8613 (Online), ISSN: 2321-5151 (Print)
JoCES (2018) 66-74 © STM Journals 2018. All Rights Reserved Page 74