VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA BELAGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

A SEMINAR REPORT ON
GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCETE & CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED
CONCERTE
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of
Bachelor of Engineering In Department of Civil Engineering
Submitted By
G. SAMESHWAR 1BO20CV403

Under the Guidance Of

Mr. MOHAMMED IMRAN
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Brindavan College of
Engineering
DWARAKANAGAR, BAGALUR MAIN
ROAD, YELAHANKA, BENGALURU-63
 Brindavan College of
Engineering DEPARTMENT

OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the technical seminar entitled “GLASS FIBRE

REINFROCED CONCETE AND CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED
CONCERTE” has been successfully presented by the G. SAMESHWAR
(1BO20CV403) students of ‘‘Brindavan College of Engineering” for the
partial fulfilment in the requirement of the Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering of Visveswaraya Technological University during the academic
year 2022-23. It is certified that all corrections and suggestions indicated for
the internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. This report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect to the
work prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

------------------------ -------------------------- -----------------------------

Seminar guide Seminar coordinator Head of Department
Mr. Mohammed Imran Mr. Prithiviraj B R Mr. S.B. Brahmanada
Asst professor Asst professor Asst professor &
Dept. civil Dept. civil Head of Department
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible. With deep gratitude, I
acknowledge all those guidance and encouragement, which served as beacon of light and
crowned my efforts with success. I thank each one of them for their valuable support.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. B. R. Shetty, Chairman, Brindavan College of

Engineering, Bangalore, for providing necessary facilities and motivation to carry out my
technical seminar successfully.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Bhagappa, Principal, Brindavan College of Engineering,

Bangalore, for providing necessary facilities and motivation to carry out my technical seminar
successfully.

I express my heartfelt gratitude and humble thanks to, Dr. S B Brahmananda, HOD, CIIVIL
Department, Brindavan College of Engineering, for the constant encouragement and help to
carry out Technical Seminar work successfully.

I would like to express my humble thanks to my technical seminar Guide Mr. MOHAMMED
IMRAN Assistant. Professor, CIVIL Department, Brindavan College of Engineering,
Bangalore for guiding me and having facilitated me to complete Technical Seminar work
successfully.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to Technical Seminar Co-Coordinator

Mr. prithviraj B R, Asst. Professor, Civil Dept, BRCE, for his valuable support and
rendering with several useful suggestions throughout the Technical Seminar work.

I would like to mention my special thanks to all the faculty members of Civil Engineering
Department, BRCE, and Bangalore for their invaluable support and guidance.

G. SAMESHWAR
(1BO20CV403)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR. Titles Page

NO. No.
1 CHAPTER Ⅰ
1.1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 1.2 THE GLASS FIBER MAKING 6
PROCESS
1.3. ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
3 7
4 1.4 PROPOSE OF GLASS FIBER 8
REINFORCED CONCRETE
5 1.5 PROPERTIES
11
6 1.6 USES
12
7 1.7 ECONOMIC PRICE OF GLASS 13
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

CHAPTER Ⅱ
8 2.1CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED 13
CONCRETE
2.2 MANUFACTURE PROCESS OF (CFRC 13
2.3 Manufacture process of carbon fiber 14
reinforced concrete
10 2.4 Economic price of carbon reinforced 14
concrete
11 2.5 Carbon Construction 15
12 2.6 Comparison between Glass fibers 15
reinforced concrete and
carbon fiber reinforced concrete
13 2.7 Advantage and Disadvantage 16
14 2.8 APPLICATION 16
15 2.9 TESTNG ARE CONTDUCTED 17
16 2.10 CONCLUSION (GFRC) 18
17 2.11 CONCULSION (CFRC) 18
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Figure Name Page

No. No.
1.1 1.1 GLASS FIBRE 8
1.2 1.2 SANDWICH PANEL 9
1.3 2.1 MANUFRACTUREING PROCESS OF CARBON 14
1.4 2.2 GLASS FIBER USED OFFICE 16
1.5 2.3 APARTMENT USING GLASS FIBER 17
1.6 2.4 HOME USING GLASS FIBER 17
1.7 2.5 CARBON FIBER USED OFFICE 19
2.6 CARBON FIBRE USED INDUSTRY
1.8 19

1.9 2.7 CARBON FIBER USED HOME 19

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CHAPTER Ι

1.1 INTRODUCTION
 The fiber reinforced concrete first introduced by the ancient Phoenician’s
In Egyptians and Greek until 1930 s that the process evolved into
commercial-scale manufacturing of continuous fibers, which would
Later be used as structural reinforcements. Patent applications filed
Between 1933 and 1937 by games slayer, john Thomas and dale
Kleist, employees of Owens-Illinois glass co. (Toledo, Ohio),
Then glass fiber reinforced concrete manufacturing is done in India
that in state of Kerala,
And then in district of Chennai recently they build an
Building using this glass fiber reinforced concrete in
Prefabrication method.

1.2 The Glass fiber making process

 process of the doing glass fibre fast set (gfrc)

 11k fast set premix weight / extra or plasters

 ½ cubic foot weights

 sand -30 lbs. ,40 mesh

 Cementitious -30 lbs.

o 7.5 lbs. (csa) calcium sulfoaluminate cement

o cement is developed in china (pc) Portland cement additive-25%

o 2.5 lbs. white silcafuma

o 20 lbs. Portland cement, water – 8.1 lbs. 27 w/c ratio

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o Gfrc admix -3% of cementitious -9 lbs plasticizer -25% (0.75lbs) to

5 % (15 lbs) as needed to liquefy without separation.

1.3. Advantage
It takes advantage of the shear strength of a low-density core material
And the high compressive and tensile strengths of (GFRC) facing to obtain high
strengths to weight ratio
Disadvantage
Durability was poor with the original type of glass fibers since the alkalinity
of cement reacts with its silica. In the 1970s alkali-resistant glass fibers were
commercialized. Alkali resistance is achieved by adding zirconia to the glass.
The higher the zirconia content the better the resistance to alkali attack.
Ar glass fibers should have a zirconia content of more than 16% to be in
compliance with internationally recognized specifications
(En, astm, pci, grca, etc.).

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1.4 Propose of Glass fiber reinforced concrete

i. gfrc cast without steel framing is commonly used for purely decorative
applications such as window trims,

2. Decorative columns, exterior friezes, or limestone-like wall panels

o Glass fibre (or glass fibre) is a material consisting of numerous extremely

fine fibres of glass.
 Glassmakers throughout history have experimented with glass fibres, but mass
 manufacture of glass fibre was only made possible with the invention of finer
 Machine tooling. In 1893, Edward Drummond Libby exhibited a dress at the
  World's Columbian Exposition incorporating glass fibres with the diameter and
 texture of silk fibres. Glass fibres can also occur naturally, as Pele's hair.
 Glass wool, which is one product called "fiberglass" today, was invented
 sometime between 1932 to 1933 by Games Slayter of Owens-Illinois, as a
 Material to be used as thermal building insulation. It is marketed under the trade name
 Fiberglas, which has become a genericized trademark. Glass fibre when used as a thermal
insulating material is specially manufactured with a bonding agent to trap many small air
cells, resulting in the characteristically air-filled low-density "glass wool" family of
products.
 Glass fibre has roughly comparable mechanical properties to other fibres such as polymers
and carbon fibre. Although not as rigid as carbon fibre, it is much cheaper and significantly
less brittle when used in composites. Glass fibre reinforced composites are used in marine
industry and piping industries because of good environmental resistance, better damage
tolerance for impact loading, high specific strength and stiffness

Figure no 1.1 Glass fibre

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Sandwich Panels:
The theory of sandwich panels and functions of the individual components may be described
by making an analogy to an I-beam. The core in a sandwich panel is comparable to the web of
an I-beam, which supports the flanges and allows them to act as a unit.
The core of the sandwich panels carry the beam shear stresses. The core in a sandwich panel
differs from the web of an I-beam in that it maintains continuous support for the facings,
allowing the facings to be worked up to or above their yield strength without crimping or
buckling. Obviously, the bonds between the core and facings must be capable of
transmitting shear loads between these two components, thus making the entire structure an
integral unit.

FIGURE NO 1.2 SANDWICH PANELS

Sandwich panels are used for industrial and residential buildings as well
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As military agricultural
And prefabricated structures, construction site buildings, and silos.
While sandwich panels cover width is 1000 mm,
The length is produced in suitable sizes
According to the needs of your project.
While calculating the sizes of sandwich panels,
You must also consider the thickness of your insulation.
The type and thickness of your insulation core must be chosen based on
The properties of your building.
Thicknesses of Sandwich Roof Panels and Sandwich Wall Panels to be used for
The roof and walls of your building based on the
Types of insulation range from 40 mm to 200 mm for

The PUR/PIR insulation type, 50 mm to 150 mm for

The Mineral Wool insulation, and 40 mm to 150 mm for the EPS insulation.
PUR / PIR insulation thicknesses are between 80 mm - 200 mm in Cold
Storage Panels and
Mineral Wool insulation thicknesses are between 50 mm -
150 mm in Acoustic Panels.
Please contact
Teknopanel for the measurements and other technical details of
Sandwich panels

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1.5 Properties

 The design of glass-fiber-reinforced concrete panels uses a knowledge of its basic

properties under tensile, compressive, bending and shear forces, coupled with
Estimates of
Behavior under secondary loading effects such as creep, thermal response and
Moisture movement.
 Glass-fiber-reinforced concrete architectural panels have the general appearance of

 Pre-cast concrete panels, but differ in several significant ways. For example, the
Gfrc panels, on average, weigh substantially less than pre-cast concrete panels due
To their reduced thickness. Their low weight decreases loads superimposed on the
Building’s structural components making construction of the building frame more
Economical.

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1.6 USES

 Glass fiber reinforced concrete is incredibly versatile and has a large number of
use cases due to its strength, weight, and design. The most common place you
will see this material is in the construction industry. it's used in very demanding
cases such as architectural cladding that's hanging several stories above
sidewalks or even more Glass fiber reinforced concrete has a wide variety of
applications – it can be used to fabricate interior countertops, floors, fireplace
mantles, exterior window surround elements, and façade wall panels, among
other use for aesthetics such as interior furniture pieces like coffee table. Uses of

glass fibers in concrete is very limited because they suffer severe damage and
loss of strength due to abrasion and impact forces generated during movement of
aggregates in mixer. Considerable attention has been paid for thorough
understanding of the mechanical properties and performance characteristics of
GFRC in the design of GFRC components. Several projects were reported for
building wall panels made of GFRC in UK and USA. GFRC has also been used
for repair works and for industrial floors in USA.

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1.7 ECONOMIC PRICE OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

 Glass fibre is available in fibre particle from at costs about inr 150 per kg
(20 /25kg bags).
 Maximum of two percent by weight of cement the allowed mix for fibre
Reinforced concrete so 7 kg per cum of concrete
(Assuming a cement content of 350 kg)
/cum at max).
 ready mixed (m30) grade concrete cots between inr 5600 to 6000 for mixing ad
Transit to site so adding up to cost of fibres alone.

CHAPTER Ⅱ
2.1 Carbon fibre reinforced concrete

 In late 1800s was the first to use the carbon fibre as filaments for early light bulbs
 It lacked the high tensile strength of today carbon fibre’s however he used it because of
their high tolerance to heat which made these fibre ideal for conducting electricity.
 it wasn’t until the late 1950s that high –performance carbon fibre was manufactured by
Mitsubishi rayon The USA’s air force and NASA didn’t wait develop the carbon fibre
technology and began to use

2.2 Manufacture process of (cfrc)

 Continuous reinforcement process

 Filament winding
 Pultrusion
 Hand lay-up processes
 Moulding processes
 Matched-die moulding
 Autoclave moulding
 Vacuum bagging
 Resin injection processes
 Resin transfer moulding
 Reaction injection moulding
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 Raw carbon fibre is made from either ployarcylonirile (pan)
 These fossil fuel based materials come from either petroleum refining

 1stin the thermoset treatment the fibres are stretched and heated to more than
400c.

 2nd in the carbonize treatment the fibres are heated to about 800 c in an oxygen
free environment to remove non carbon impurities.

 3rd the last two treatment steps surface treatment and epoxy sizing are preformed
to enhance the carbon fibre bonding strength.
2.3 Manufacture process of carbon fiber reinforced concrete

FIGURE NO 2.1 MANUFRACTUREING PROCESS OF CARBON

2.4Economic price of carbon reinforced concrete

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 Cost of carbon fibre s directly related to cost and yield of precursor from which it is
obtained and cost of conversion.
 at present carbon fibre is polyacrylonitrle(pan) based and its average cost of non –
aerospace grades around $21.5kg with a conversion efficiency of only 50%
 the carbon fabrics suppliers Ahmedabad makes a wide range of carbon fibres
Carbon fibres are available in the range of 800 to 900 Rs per kg.

2.5 Carbon Construction

 Carbon fibres are mostly used for the repair purposes of old structural
Element against shear and flexure failure, the material known as crfc
However, in the early 1990s researches showed that carbon fibres can
Be used inside the concrete instead of steel reinforcement showing a
Significant improvement in flexural and tensile strength of concrete,
 Carbon reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting
Of two high-performance materials. The innovative combination
Of carbon fiber fabrics or bars with fine-grained concrete
Simultaneously enables significantly more varied shapes
And a high load-bearing capacity.

2.6 Comparison between Glass fibers reinforced concrete and

Carbon fiber reinforced concrete

 The main difference between glass fibre and carbon fibre is (weight) .
Glass is denser than carbon.
As for strength there isn’t much difference between glass and carbon
Or for that matter a great many other materialism the form of
Very thin fibres, at room temperature.
 At modestly high temperature glass melts but carbon
(Graphite) has no melting point except at extreme pressure

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2.7 Advantage and Disadvantage

2.8APPLICATION

FIGURE NO 2.2 GLASS FIBER USED OFFICE

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FIGURE NO 2.3 APARTMENT USING GLASS FIBER

FIGURE NO 2.4 HOME USING GLASS FIBER

2.9 TESTNG ARE CONTDUCTED

 Compressive strength test

 Flexural strength test
 Slump test

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2.10 CONCLUSION (GFRC)

Product manufacturers are actively focused on the research & development
pertaining to the production of glass fibers for reinforcing purposes and are laying
increased emphasis on the production of advanced reinforcing glass fibers with
varying sizes and project needs. Rising demand for glass fibers in various
commercial, residential, and civil constructions are anticipated to benefit market
growth. Product benefits including high tensile, flexural, and compressive
strength are projected to promote its demand as a reinforcement material in
concrete. This helps in increasing the strength of the concrete, thereby propelling
its demand in the construction of countertops, fireplace surround etc.

2.11 CONCULSION (CFRC)

The application of the laminated carbon fiber composites showed a simple and
rapid technique for performing structural reinforcement. From the results
obtained, it was found that the gain in strength caused by the application of the
composite material in the three classes of resistance. However, it was observed
that the efficiency factor of the reinforcement with carbon fibers is considerably
higher in the lowest specific strength. As you increase the resistance of reinforced
concrete

The application of the laminated carbon fiber

composites
showed a simple and rapid technique for
performing
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structural reinforcement.
From the results obtained, it was found that
the gain in
strength caused by the application of the
composite material
in the three classes of resistance. However, it
was observed
that the efficiency factor of the reinforcement
with carbon
fibers is considerably higher in the lowest
specific strength.
As you increase the resistance of reinforced
concrete
The application of the laminated carbon fiber
composites
showed a simple and rapid technique for
performing
structural reinforcement.
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From the results obtained, it was found that

the gain in
strength caused by the application of the
composite material
in the three classes of resistance. However, it
was observed
that the efficiency factor of the reinforcement
with carbon
fibers is considerably higher in the lowest
specific strength.
As you increase the resistance of reinforced
concrete

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FIGURE NO 2.5 CARBON FIBER USED OFFICE

FIGURE NO 2.6 CARBON FIBRE USED INDUSTRY

FIGURE NO 2.7 CARBON FIBER USED HOME

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