A Mini Project Report

on
GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
by
D.SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113)
O. MANISH (15J41A0143)
T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156)
J. RAJU (16J45AO112)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(An Autonomous Institution approved by UGC and affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE,
Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade and NBA & Recipient of World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Phase- II S.C.1.1) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post. Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500 100.
2018
 MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(An Autonomous Institution approved by UGC and affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE,
Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade and NBA & Recipient of World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Phase- II S.C.1.1) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post. Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500 100.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project titled “GLASS FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE
" a bonafide workdone by D. SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113), O. MANISH
(15J41A0143), T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156) , J.RAJU (16J45A0112) of Bachelor
of Technology in Civil Engineering of Malla Reddy Engineering College
(Autonomous) has not been submitted for the award of any other Degree/Diploma of
any Institution/University.

Project Guide Head of the Department

External Examiner
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Mini Project Report titled on “GLASS FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETE” is original and bonafide work of my own and has not
been copied from any earlier reports.

D. SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113)

O. MANISH (15J41A0143)
T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156)
J. RAJU (16J45A0112)

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I express my sincere gratitude to N. SHIVA REDDY, Asst.Professor,

Civil Engineering Department for being strong and supportive advisor, providing
timely suggestions, critical evaluation and encouragement as a Guide without which
the work would not have been carried out successfully.

I would like to thank Dr.SELWIN BABU, Head, Department of Civil Engineering,

Malla Reddy Engineering College for giving the freedom to use all the facilities
available in the department, for successful completion of project.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to our Principal, Dr. S. SUDHAKARA

REDDY, for providing valuable and timely help which was vital for my work.

I express my regards to in-charge and staff of respective laboratories of Civil

Engineering Department and library for their help during the course.

I would like to give heartfelt appreciation to my parents, who supported me morally

and financially during my entire project period.

D. SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113)

O. MANISH (15J41A0143)
T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156)
J. RAJU (16J45A0112)
 ii

ABSTRACT

 In the 1940’s, potential of glass as a construction material was realized and

improvement continued with the addition of zirconium dioxide in 1960's for
harsh alkali conditions.

 To enhance durability of materials, new generation of glass fibers directed to

improvement process. In this way, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) was
started to produce for the satisfaction of different demands.

 GFRC can be used wherever a light, strong, fire resistant, weather resistant,
attractive, impermeable material is needed.

 As technology advances, it is possibly expected to build the whole building

and complex freeform with low cost.

 In recent years, the effect of glass fibers in hybrid mixtures has been
investigated for high-performance concrete (HPC), an emerging technology
termed, which has become popular in the construction industry.

 Keywords: Glass, Fiber, Reinforcement, Concrete, Properties, Application,

Development
 iii

CONTENTS

Page no.

Abstract i

List of Figures ii

List of Table iii

Chapter-1 Introduction 1-7

iv

Chapter-2 Literature review 8-14

Chapter-3 Study Area 15-22

22

Chapter-4 Results and Discussions 23-32

Chapter-5 Conclusion 33

REFERENCE 34-35

vi

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No. Description Page No.

vii

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

 viii

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) or (GRC) is a type of

fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior building
façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. This material is very good in
making shapes on the front of any building and it is less dense than steel.

GFRC is a form of concrete that uses fine sand, cement, polymer (usually an acrylic
polymer), water, other admixtures and alkali-resistant glass fibers. Many mix designs
are freely available on various websites, but all share similarities in ingredient
proportions.

Glass fibre reinforced cementitious composites have been developed mainly for the
production of thin sheet components, with a paste or mortar matrix, and~5% fibre
content. Other applications have been considered, either by making reinforcing bars
with continuous glass fibres joined together and impregnated with plastics, or by
making similar short, rigid units, impregnated with epoxy, to be dispersed inthe
concrete during mixing.

Glass fibres are produced in a process in which molten glass is drawn in the form of
filaments, through the bottom of a heated platinum tank or bushing. Usually, 204
filaments are drawn simultaneously and they solidify while cooling outside the heated
tank; they are then collected on a drum into a strand consisting of the 204 filaments.
Prior to winding, the filaments are coated with a sizing which protects the filaments
against weather and abrasion effects, as well as binding them together in the strand

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY In the study, the following objectives are envisaged: i)
Study the mix design aspects of the GRC. ii) Understand the various applications
involving GRC. iii) Compare GRC with alternatives such as stone, aluminum, wood,
glass, steel, marble and granite. iv) Perform laboratory tests that are related to
compressive, tensile and flexure by use of glass fibre in the concrete pour.

CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Kavita Kene, et al conducted experimental study on behavior of steel and glass Fiber
Reinforced Concrete Composites. The study conducted on Fiber Reinforced concrete with
steel fibers of 0% and 0.5% volume fraction and alkali resistant glass fibers containing 0%
and 25% by weight of cement of 12 mm cut length, compared the result. G. Jyothi Kumari, et
al studied behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer flats and
observed that beams with silica coated Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) flats shear
reinforcement have shown failure at higher loads. Further they observed that GFRP flats as
shear reinforcement exhibit fairly good ductility. The strength of the composites, flats or bars
depends upon the fiber orientation and fiber to matrix ratio while higher the fiber content
higher the higher the tensile strength. Dr. P. Srinivasa Rao, et al conducted durability studies
on glass fiber reinforced concrete. The alkali resistant glass fibers were used to find out
workability, resistance of concrete due to acids, sulphate and rapid chloride permeability test
of M30, M40 and M50 grade of glass fiber reinforced concrete and ordinary concrete. The
durability of concrete was increased by adding alkali resistant glass fibers in the concrete. The
experimental study showed that addition of glass fibers in concrete gives a reduction in
bleeding. The addition of glass fibers had shown improvement in the resistance of concrete to
the attack of acids. S. H. Alsayed, et al studied the performance of glass fiber reinforced
plastic bars as reinforcing material for concrete structures. The study revealed that the flexural
capacity of concrete beams reinforced by GFRP bars can be accurately estimated usingthe
ultimate design theory. The study also revealed that as GFRP bars have low modulus of
elasticity, deflection criteria may control the design of intermediate and long beams
reinforced with FDRP bars. Yogesh Murthy, et al studied the performance of Glass Fiber
Reinforced Concrete. The study revealed that the use of glass fiber in concrete not only
improves the properties of concrete and a small cost cutting but also provide easy outlet to
dispose the glass as environmental waste from the industry. From the study it could be
revealed that the flexural strength of the beam with 1.5% glass fiber shows almost 30%
increase in the strength. The reduction in slump observed with the increase in glass fiber
content. Avinash Gornale, et al studied the strength aspect of glass fiber reinforced concrete.
The study had revealed that the increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, split
tensile strength for M20, M30 and M40 grade of concrete at 3, 7 and 28 days were observed
to be 20% to 30%, 25% to 30% and 25% to 30% respectively after the addition of glass fibers
as compared to the plain concrete.

14
 CHAPTER-3

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Some test research on concrete with Glass fibre are collected so as to gain differences
between them, when using different ratios of glass fibre.

The test is carried out on the cube specimen 150x150x150mm and 100mm
x100mmx100m.Cast iron moulds are used to cast the cubes having leak proof metal base
plate. The joints between the section of moulds are thinly coated with the mould oil to prevent
adhesion of concrete to the mould surface.

All materials should be thoroughly mixed, for (23) minutes, before adding the glass fibres.
After mixing glass fibre, for 1 minute, the cubes are casted.

Curing After moulding, the specimens are stored on the site free from vibration under damp
matting, sack or other similar material for 24 hours from the time of addition of water to the
other ingredients.

The temperature of place of storage was within the range of 220c to 32oc. After a period of 24
hours cubes were marked. After removing from the moulds, cubes were stored in clean
potable water at a temperature of 240c to 300c until they were transported to the testing
laboratory.

In flexural test the beam specimen is placed in the machine in such a manner that the load is
applied to the upper most surface as cast in the mould .All beams are tested under two points
in Universal testing machine of 60 tones capacity .The load is applied at a rate loading 10cm
x10cm x50cm specimens. The load is increased until the specimen failed and the failure load
is recorded.

The flexural strength is calculated from the equation. Fb = PL/bd2 When ‘a’ is greater than
20cms or Fb = 3Pa/bd2 When ‘a’ is less than 20cms but greater than 17cms

3.1. Mix Design Of Conventional Concrete The Design mix of M20 was prepared using IS
code 3.2. Batching Up Of Materials Appropriate quantity of materials were calculated by
volume and mixed in following proportions: Volume of cement = 09.20 kg Volume of coarse
aggregates = 23.66 kg Volume of fine aggregates = 29.87 kg Volume of water = 03.68 kg The
materials were mixed by hand mixing process and the workability of the mix was checked
simultaneously by performing various workability tests such as Slump cone test and
Compaction factor tests so as to ensure proper compaction, avoid bleeding of concrete and
segregation of aggregate. SLUMP CONE TEST: The test was performed on the concrete mix
to guess its workability. COMPACTION FACTOR TEST: As the slump is not the true guide
for workability, so compaction factor test was also performed. 3.3. Casting Of Beams, Cubes
And Cylinder A total of three beams, 1 cylinder and three cubes were casted for conventional
Concrete. Dimension of beam= 50cmx10cmx10cm Dimension of cylinder; r=10cm , h=15cm
Dimension of cube= 15cmx15cmx15cm The molds were filled with concrete in three layers
and each layer was tamed uniformly with tamping rod to prevent the formation of voids and
provide better compaction.
3.4. Tests Performed On Conventional Concrete COMPRESSION TEST: This test was
performed on the cubes with the help of compression testing machine, and the compressive
strength of the concrete was calculated. FOUR POINT LOADING FLEXURE TEST: This
test was performed using flexure testing machine, so as to calculate the flexure strength of the
beam, under 4 point loading. 3.5. Batching Up Of Materials For Glass Fibre Reinforced
Concrete The glass fibre “Recron 3s” was ordered from a supplier in Delhi, and the rest of
material was assembles in the similar manner as for conventional concrete. The only
difference was that the glass fibre was poured in the mixer one or two minutes before the
machine was stopped. In this case the material was mixed using Concrete mixer. The
aggregates, sand, cement, water was poured into the machine and it was run for about 5-8
minutes followed by the addition of glass fibre The Glass fibre before adding to the concrete
was soaked in the water for minutes so that it doesn’t break during mixing.

22

CHAPTER-4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1.Effect Of Glass Fibre On Workabilty Of GFRC

The workability of concrete of M20 was estimated in terms of compaction factor for addition
of 0.03% glass fibre by weight of concrete. It was observed that the addition of glass fibre, the
compaction factor of 0.91 was achieved. Compaction Factor = Weight of partially compacted
concrete Weight of completely compacted concrete 4.2.Compressive Strength Of Ordinary
Concrete And Glass Fibre Concrete Mixes TABLE1 gives the compressive strength values of
ordinary concrete and glass fibre reinforced concrete mixes and the value for M20 grade is
24.37 – 28.53 N/mm2for 28 days. 4.3.Flexural Strength Of Ordinary Concrete And Glass
Fibre Concrete Mixes TABLE1 gives the flexural strength values of ordinary concrete and
glass fibre reinforced concrete mixes and the value for M20 grade is 2.98 – 3.43 N/mm2 for
28 days.

32

CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION

1. The modulus of elasticity of glass fibre reinforced concrete is increases 4.14%

compared with conventional reinforced concrete
2. . 2. The percentage increase of compressive strength of various grades of glass
fibre concrete mixes compared with 28 days compressive strength is observed
37%
3. . 3. The percentage increase of flexure strength of various grades of glass fibre
concrete mixes compared with 28 days compressive strength is observed
5.19%
4. Addition of glass fibre improves the toughness, flexural strength, ductility as
well as compressive strength of concrete
5. . 5. A very small volume of glass fibre is required upto 0.33 % of weight of
cement content. Further addition may decrease the strength of concrete.

33

REFERENCE
[1]. Saint Gobain Vetrotex, Cem – Fil. 2002. “Why Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers”.
In Technical data sheets.www.cemfil.com [2]. Siva kumar, A. and Santhanam Manu.
2007. Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Reinforced with Metallic and
NonMetallic Fibers. Cement and Concrete Composites (29) pp. 603–608. [3].
Perumalasamy N.Balaguru shah “ fiber reinforced cement composites .” [4]. Arnon
Bentur and Sidney Mindess, “Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites”, Second
Edition 2007, Chapter 8, (pp 278) [5]. Alan J. Brookes, “Cladding of Buildings”,
Third Edition Published 2002, (pp 82). [6]. U. M. Ghare, “Manufacture of Glass Fibre
Reinforced Concrete Products”, Unit 1, Division of YOGI group UAE, August 2008.

35