Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 1 of 26 PageID 1

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
WESTERN DIVISION AT MEMPHIS

NICOLE FREEMAN, as wrongful death )

representative of Gershun Freeman and next ) Case No.
friend of minor child T.F., )
)
PLAINTIFF, ) COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATIONS OF
) THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1871, 42
) U.S.C. § 1983, and THE AMERICANS
WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990
v. )
)
SHERIFF FLOYD BONNER, Jr., in his )
individual capacity; CHIEF JAILER KIRK ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
FIELDS, in his individual capacity; and the ) PURSUANT TO FED. R. CIV. PRO. 38(a)
GOVERNMENT OF SHELBY COUNTY, ) & (b)
TENNESSEE, )
)
DEFENDANTS. )

COMPLAINT

TO THE HONORABLE DISTRICT COURT JUDGE:

Plaintiff Nicole Freeman, by and through her designated attorneys, for her Complaint

alleges as follows:

I.

INTRODUCTION

A. Nature of Action

On October 5, 2022, Gershun Richandre Freeman died face down on the floor of the Shelby

County Men’s Jail (the “Jail”). He died handcuffed and naked, with a correctional officer’s knee

in his back and hand around his neck. Minutes earlier, ten or more employees of the Shelby County
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 2 of 26 PageID 2

Sheriff’s Office (the “SCSO”), including members of the Jail’s infamous Detention Response

Team (the “Blackshirts”), had brutally stomped Mr. Freeman, bathed him in chemical irritant, and

struck him repeatedly with implements including mace cans, handcuffs, and heavy rings of jailer’s

keys. Those events give rise to this action.

Mr. Freeman’s killing did not happen in a vacuum. It resulted from certain policies and

customs of the Shelby County government (the “County”) and the pronounced dereliction of

Shelby County Sheriff Floyd Bonner and Chief Jailer Kirk Fields. The County’s practices, and

Sheriff Bonner and Chief Fields’ derelict leadership, made a scene like what unfolded on October

5, 2022 all but inevitable.

Plaintiff Nicole Freeman brings this action as Mr. Freeman’s surviving spouse, on behalf

of all wrongful-death beneficiaries. Her federal claims sound under the Americans with

Disabilities Act of 1990, the Civil Rights Act of 1871, and Monell v. Department of Social Services

of New York City, 436 U.S. 658 (1978). She also pleads common-law negligence claims, under

this Court’s pendant jurisdiction, which sound under Tennessee’s Governmental Tort Liability Act

(the “GTLA”).

B. Relevant History of the Shelby County Jail

While not itself a basis for Defendants’ liability here, the history of civil-rights violations at

the Jail is relevant to this action because that history demonstrates the County’s awareness of the

sorts of policies, customs, and practices likely to deprive inmates of their constitutional rights. The

Civil Right Division of the United States Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) investigated the Jail

in 2000 and summarized its observations in a letter to Shelby County then-Mayor, Jim Rout.1 The

DOJ directly linked the constitutional violations in the Jail to “a lack of effective oversight…and

1
Exhibit A.

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the lack of supervision to prevent the staffs’ use of force exceeding the limitations of policy.”2 The

DOJ recommended ways to fix the problems it saw and gave the County a reasonable time to

redress these issues.

When the County failed to fix Jail conditions, the DOJ sued the County to enjoin it “from

depriving persons incarcerated at the Jail . . . of rights, privileges or immunities secured and

protected by the Constitution of the United States.” United States v. Shelby County, et. al., No.

2:02-CV-02633. Shelby County and the DOJ reached a Settlement Agreement to remedy the Jail’s

deficiencies in “inmate on inmate violence,” “inmate classification,” “staffing,” and “security,”

through improved policies and customs.3 Conditions at the Jail improved for several years.

Recently, policies and customs—accompanied by increased violations of inmates’ constitutional

rights—have returned to pre-Settlement-Agreement norms.

By entering into the Settlement Agreement, Shelby County recognized the Jail’s custom of

violating inmates’ constitutional rights and addressed those violations in its Standard Operating

Procedure guidelines which, if adhered to, reasonably protected the safety of inmates in their care

and custody. Among the most basic terms of the Agreement, the Jail agreed to implement an

effective system for the prompt discipline of staff who violate its use-of-force policies.4 These

specifics mean that, in the time since the County agreed to it, the County has known of the

constitutional magnitude of the risk posed by certain customs and patterns of conduct by Jail staff,

as well as the sorts of remedial measures required to mitigate that risk. Those customs and patterns

of conduct include those that Plaintiff alleges below resulted in the brutalization and death of Mr.

2
Id. at 6.
3
Exhibit B.
4
See id. at 4.

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Freeman. The County’s history with the DOJ means that it knew the risk posed by the customs

and patterns of conduct alleged below, and it knew exactly how to fix things, well before its

employees killed Mr. Freeman.

II.

SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION AND VENUE

1. This Court has original subject-matter jurisdiction, under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and

1343(a), to hear and adjudicate Plaintiff’s federal claims under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 12132.

2. This Court has supplemental jurisdiction, under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1343(3),

(4), to adjudicate all state-law claims pendent to the federal claims that are the thrust and gravamen

of this action.

3. This Court provides proper venue for this action under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) because

the action arises from events that occurred in the Western District of Tennessee.

III.

PARTIES AND JURISDICTION

4. Plaintiff Nicole Freeman (“Ms. Freeman” or “Plaintiff”) is the widow of Mr.

Freeman, a resident of Shelby County, and the mother of Mr. Freeman’s minor child, T.F. As

surviving spouse, Ms. Freeman holds first right under Tennessee’s wrongful-death statutes to

prosecute this action. Tenn. Code Ann. § 20-5-107. She brings this suit on behalf of herself, the

minor child T. F., and all other wrongful-death beneficiaries.

5. Defendant Floyd Bonner, Jr. (“Sheriff Bonner”) is the County Sheriff. Technically

also a County employee, Sheriff Bonner holds an elected office statutorily vested with

responsibility for the safe and constitutional operation of the Jail. Sheriff Bonner previously served

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as a correctional officer in the Jail and can be served with process at 201 Poplar Avenue, 9th Floor,

Memphis, Tennessee 38103. He is sued in his individual capacity.

6. Defendant Kirk Fields (“Chief Fields”) is the director of the Jail and a Shelby

County employee. Through Sheriff Bonner, the County has vested Chief Fields with responsibility

for the safe and constitutional operation of the Jail. He can be served with process at 201 Poplar

Ave., 9th Floor, Memphis, Tennessee, 38103. He is sued in his individual capacity.

7. The County is a party defendant to this matter in its capacity as a local-government

body and political subdivision of the State of Tennessee. The County is subject to service of

process through the office of the County Attorney, Marlinee Iverson, at 160 North Main Street,

9th Floor, Memphis, Tennessee 38103. Among other functions, the County operates and maintains

the SCSO and the Jail. The County and its agents acted under color of state law at all pertinent

times.

8. Below, the “Defendants” shall refer collectively to the County, Sheriff Bonner, and

Chief Fields.

IV.

FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS

A. The Death of Gershun Freeman

9. Cameras the County installed in the Jail captured much of what transpired on

October 5, 2022. Plaintiff’s attorneys have possession of a single thirteen (13) minute and eight

(8) second compilation of camera footage of the incident provided to them by the Davidson County

District Attorney’s Office (the “DCDAG”), which is investigating the incident for possible

criminal charges. Concurrently with this pleading, Plaintiff moves for leave of this Court to file

the camera-footage compilation as Exhibit C to this pleading and requests this Court to instruct

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the Clerk’s Office to accept custody of an electronic-storage device containing the compilation, to

be delivered to the Clerk’s Office by Plaintiff’s counsel.

10. Mr. Freeman entered the Jail on October 1, 2022, following charges brought against

him by officers of the Memphis Police Department.

11. Mr. Freeman’s reported behavior leading to his arrest was abnormal and

uncharacteristic of him. His family suspected he was experiencing a mental-health crisis.

12. In accordance with County policy, the Jail provided Mr. Freeman with a

perfunctory mental-health screening upon his arrival. The “evaluation” process consisted of a brief

oral interview conducted by a licensed practical nurse or medical assistant. The Jail contracts with

Wellpath, LLC, its medical services provider, for limited mental health services. The Jail has no

formal structure for the provision of mental or behavioral health services, even though it houses

approximately 200 inmates with specifically identified behavioral-health issues on the second floor

and approximately another 150 such inmates scattered throughout other parts of the facility. This

means that, at any given time, fifteen to twenty percent of the Jail population requires mental or

behavioral health services of some kind. Despite those numbers, the County provides only an LPN

with a checklist to screen for even the most severe mental health issues. The perfunctory screening

process all but ensures a high rate of mis- or missed diagnoses for inmates’ psychiatric disabilities

or acute psychiatric conditions. This failure to diagnose results in a failure to route inmates in need

to an alternate facility capable of providing adequate psychiatric or other behavioral-health care.

Upon information and belief, the Jail’s perfunctory screening process failed to diagnose Mr.

Freeman upon his arrival.

13. Sometime in the days following his arrival at the Jail, Jail staff transferred Mr.

Freeman to the 4-Juliet cell pod, known also as the suicide pod, located on the fourth floor of the

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Jail. Upon information and belief, this transfer required a determination by staff that Mr. Freeman

was experiencing a mental-health crisis and posed an imminent risk of self-harm.

14. In the suicide pod, Jail staff put Mr. Freeman in a cell, naked and alone, with only

a paper-like orange “tarp” to use for warmth.

15. Typically, Jail staff feed detainees on the suicide pod by delivering food trays to

their individual cells. The Jail community refers to these feedings as “tray time.”

16. Sometime prior to evening tray time on October 5, 2022, Mr. Freeman started to

exhibit symptoms of active psychosis. Upon information and belief, the psychosis was a symptom

of the psychiatric or psychological problems then afflicting him.

17. Come evening tray time, two correctional deputies entered the 4-Juliet pod. One

carried a stack of trays. The other sauntered ahead of him, shaking a can of mace.5

18. Because many of the individuals in 4-Juliet pod suffer from severe mental health

disorders and therefore pose a greater than average proneness to erratic behavior, Jail policy

requires guards to feed the 4-Juliet inmates through security flaps on the cell doors. Fully opening

the cell doors on this pod substantially increases the likelihood of confrontation with inmates

suffering from acute psychosis or other destabilizing psychiatric conditions.

19. When the deputies reached Mr. Freeman’s cell, in violation of policy and without

good reason, but just as they had for the other cells in 4-Juliet, the deputies directed a third staff

member, who was operating the cell-pod doors from the far end of the hallway, to completely open

Mr. Freeman’s cell door. As the door rolled open, the deputy holding the can of mace raised and

pointed it at Mr. Freeman.6

5
Ex. C 00:00–40.
6
Sheriff Bonner, in a public statement criticizing release of the video, described the video as “out-
of-context” and stated that Mr. Freeman was engaged in “erratic and violent behavior that led to
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20. Holding up his orange tarp to shield himself from the deputy’s mace, Mr. Freeman

attempted to bat away the mace can in the deputy’s hand.7 As he did so, Mr. Freeman exited his

cell; he did not attempt to strike the deputy, but only to deflect the source of the chemical irritant.

21. As Mr. Freeman reached for the mace in the first deputy’s hand, the second deputy

stepped toward Mr. Freeman and struck him with an overhand “haymaker” punch, knocking Mr.

Freeman to the floor.

22. Then, in tandem, the two deputies beat and stomped Mr. Freeman no fewer than

eighteen (18) times in the seconds before other officers reached the scene.8

23. Watching the above unfold, the door operator, who could at that point have closed

the main door to the 4-Juliet cell pod, limiting Mr. Freeman’s access to any other part of the Jail,

and could have called Jail medical staff immediately because the two correctional deputies had

just maced Mr. Freeman and were actively beating him, instead left the main cell-pod door open

and unattended, and joined in the beating. The door operator sprayed enough chemical irritant

toward Mr. Freeman that the caustic chemicals pooled on the floor, creating a hazard for everyone

in the cell pod. The door operator then beat Mr. Freeman with the metal cannister of mace.9

the need to restrain Mr. Freeman.” This is nonsensical. Mr. Freeman was confined alone in a cell.
He posed no threat to anyone until deputies opened the door wielding a can of pepper spray to
subdue Mr. Freeman. This is especially relevant given Mr. Freeman’s psychotic state. No
reasonable corrections officer nor facility compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
would utilize pepper spray and a beating to subdue an already-secure individual suffering from
acute psychosis.
7
Ex. C 00:40.
8
Id. at 00:40–49.
9
Id. at 00:50–58.

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24. Within seconds, no fewer than seven (7) additional Jail staff members arrived on

scene and joined in the melee. They included regular correctional deputies and members of the

Blackshirts, a special Jail unit known for their physicality and rough treatment of detainees.

25. Over the next minute, Blackshirts and other staff punched, kicked, and struck Mr.

Freeman with various implements. Mr. Freeman tried to crawl down the hallway through pools of

oil-based irritant. He twice tried to cling to his assailants’ feet.10

26. A male Blackshirt fashioned handcuffs on his fist and struck Mr. Freeman no fewer

than three (3) times with these makeshift brass knuckles.11 Jail staff has a history of using

handcuffs as striking implements.

27. In addition to boots and fists, handcuffs, and mace cannisters, Jail staff struck Mr.

Freeman with heavy rings of “door-roll keys” and sets of brass handcuff keys. Using such

equipment contrary to the equipment’s purpose, strictly to inflict pain and punishment, served no

legitimate penological or custodial purpose.

28. After ten (10) or more Jail staff shoved him away from his cell and bulldozed him

out of the suicide pod, Mr. Freeman—disoriented—stumbled down an adjacent hallway.

Correctional officers doused him with more irritant. Then, someone wearing a SCSO supervisor’s

shirt and tie grabbed Mr. Freeman and slammed him to the floor.12

10
Id. at 00:50–51.
11
Id. at 1:00–03.
12
Id. at 2:46–56.

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29. As Mr. Freeman lay on the floor, other Jail staff kicked him and doused him in

more chemical irritant. Here again, Jail staff sprayed so much chemical irritant that it formed a

pool on the floor.13

30. After this second melee, Jail staff allowed or even encouraged Mr. Freeman to

stumble past them and make his way up an escalator to the fifth floor.

31. After Mr. Freeman reached the fifth floor, several deputies, who had followed him

up the escalator, cornered him upstairs. They punched, kicked, and slammed Mr. Freeman to the

floor once again.14

32. Those same correctional deputies quickly gained control of Mr. Freeman, who was

still naked and now drenched in mace. They handcuffed his hands behind his back, then pressed

him, facedown, against the floor.

33. Deputies held Mr. Freeman in the facedown position for over five minutes, kneeling

on his back, neck, and head.15 At some point, Mr. Freeman stopped breathing.

34. Upon information and belief, Jail staff knew Mr. Freeman had stopped breathing

by the time they lifted his limp body from the floor to reveal a pool of blood underneath his head.16

35. Although Jail staff must have known Mr. Freeman had stopped breathing when they

lifted his limp and motionless body, they made no attempt to resuscitate him in the nearly three (3)

minutes before medical staff arrived.

13
Id. at 4:05–15.
14
Id. at 4:50 – 5:10.
15
Id. at 05:00 – 10:20.
16
Id. at 10:23–10:28.

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36. Until medical staff arrived, Jail staff largely milled about Mr. Freeman’s body,

stepping over and around it. At one point, a deputy carrying paperwork walked directly over Mr.

Freeman’s lifeless form, glancing down as he passed.17 Not a single corrections officer attempted

to initiate CPR.

B. No Accountability

37. In the hours following the incident, agents from the Tennessee Bureau of

Investigation (the “TBI”), at the request of the Shelby County District Attorney General (the

“SCDAG”), began an investigation of the incident.

38. Upon information and belief, Jail staff and other SCSO employees interfered with

the TBI’s investigation in at least the following ways:

(a) Giving false narrative accounts of the incident;

(b) Telling the TBI that no Jail detainees witnessed the incident;

(c) Intimidating Jail detainees who did witness the incident from
reporting what they saw to TBI agents; and

(d) Withholding pertinent camera footage from the TBI.

39. Upon information and belief, County leadership has not terminated or otherwise

meaningfully disciplined any Jail staff members who participated or declined to intervene in the

events described above.

40. In response to the release of the jail-camera footage by the Davidson County

District Attorney General’s office (the “DCDAG”),18 Sheriff Bonner criticized the DCDAG for its

transparency, falsely accused the DCDAG of releasing the video “out of context,” and announced

17
Id. at 11:13–23.
18
The SCDAG transferred investigation of the incident and prosecution of any appropriate
criminal charges to the DCDAG.

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he would refrain “from taking further administrative action” against any SCSO employees

involved, pending the outside criminal investigation.19

41. Upon information and belief, Sheriff Bonner had not taken any administrative

action prior to the statement above; by saying he would refrain from taking further action, Sheriff

Bonner meant he would refrain from taking any action. His inaction means that Jail staff currently

under criminal investigation by the DCDAG are still working in the Jail, where they have authority

and control of potential witnesses. Thus, Sheriff Bonner has not merely ratified his subordinates’

actions. His inaction threatens the integrity of the criminal investigation.

42. Sheriff Bonner and the County’s inaction in the face of Mr. Freeman’s death fits a

preexisting pattern of de minimis response to inmate deaths and other use-of-force incidents in

the Jail, as discussed below.

C. Pattern and History of Jail Problems

43. Not only were the County’s policies, as understood and applied by Jail staff,

insufficient to protect the constitutional rights of pre-trial detainees. It was also the County’s

unwritten but affirmative policy and custom to tolerate and tacitly approve of Jail staff members’

use of excessive and unwarranted force as a means of Jail population control.

44. The fact that at least fourteen (14) correctional officers committed the violent acts

described above in front of one another, with no fear of punishment or lowering of esteem, by itself

reveals a custom of tolerance to the use of excessive force against prisoners.

19
Lucas Finton, Surveillance footage from jail shows officers kneeling on inmate’s back for almost
six minutes, THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL (March 2, 2023, 4:56 PM),
https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/2023/ 03/02/video-released-of-shelby- county-
jail-officers-beating-inmate/69964005007/ (updated March 3, 2023, 6:28 AM).

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45. Further evidence of a culture of tolerance lies in the recent “disciplinary” history of

Jail staff, replete with substantiated findings of excessive or unwarranted force against inmates.

Between June 2018 and September 2021, the County saw thirty-two (32) substantiated violations

of the SCSO’s excessive or unwarranted force policies in the Jail.20 Only one (1) of these resulted

in a Jail staff member’s termination.21 The County chose not to terminate its employees involved

in the other incidents, despite their criminal conduct.22

46. Sheriff Bonner has actively resisted the implementation of policies intended to curb

the use of excessive force within the SCSO. He testified before the County’s legislative body in

opposition to a proposed ordinance that would have implemented a tracking system for excessive-

force incidents, disqualified SCSO applicants for excessive-force violations in prior employment,

and mandated revocation of certain law-enforcement certifications of officers disciplined for

excessive force.

47. Mirroring Sheriff Bonner’s ostrich stance, the County has refused even to centralize

information regarding use of excessive force in the Jail.

48. In response to a September 2020 request for records of all County public-safety

officers’ violations of the County’s use-of-force policies in the preceding two years, the County

said it did not maintain those records in a format that allowed identification or production, even to

its own lawmakers. The decision to not maintain this data reveals the County’s willful blindness

20
Plaintiff’s Rule 1006 Summary of those violations is hereto attached as Exhibit D.
21
This was the only instance Plaintiff’s counselors are aware of from Shelby County in which a
correctional officer from 201 Poplar was criminally charged for their battery of a citizen of Shelby
County.
22
Ex. D.

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to incidents of excessive force in the Jail. Almost by definition, willful blindness to excessive force

permits the continued use of excessive force.23

49. The County nominally adopted a “duty to intervene” policy in June 2020. But it

never trained Jail staff to implement the policy, never gave them written information about the

policy, and never advised them of any consequences for violating the policy. The “duty to

intervene” policy thus existed in name only. The County’s de facto policies do not require officers

to intervene in unwarranted or excessive force incidents.

50. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution requires Jail staff to

maintain a reasonably safe and secure custodial environment, free from unwarranted or excessive

force by Jail staff, even when doing so would require active restraint of fellow staff members. The

County’s choice not to train, discipline, or supervise Jail staff as to the “duty to intervene” policy

amounted to a policy of acquiescence to the use of unwarranted or excessive force against inmates

and reflected a deliberate indifference to their Fourteenth Amendment rights.

51. The Jail saw eight (8) prisoner deaths between January 1, 2022 and October 5, 2022,

not including Mr. Freeman.24 Most of these deaths occurred on the fourth floor of the Jail and

considered independently or with the other violations alleged above, put the County on notice that

its correctional officers were not receiving proper supervision.

52. This rate of inmate deaths is substantially higher than the national norm. Indeed,

the Jail now stands among the most dangerous pre-trial detention facilities in the United States.

23
Plaintiff’s counsel ultimately obtained evidence of the instances of substantiated excessive
force through discovery in a case remarkably similar to this instance.
24
Two (2) more deaths occurred outside the Jail but in SCSO custody.

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The pattern of jail deaths also put the County on notice that its current policies and customs do not

protect the health and safety of Jail inmates.

53. The allegations above show that the SCSO has entirely failed to adequately train

Jail staff at all levels that, inter alia:

(a) Use of force against pre-trial detainees is consistent with the

objective “excessive force” standard where officers apply force to a person who has
been accused but not convicted of a crime, but who is free on bail. See Kingsley v.
Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389, 399 (2015); and

(b) Use of force requires that officers consider both the severity of a
crime and the threat of harm posed by an individual before the application of force.
Coffey v. Carroll, 933 F.3d 577, 588 (6th Cir. 2019).

54. The deprivation of Mr. Freeman’s constitutional rights, in addition to his physical

injuries, severe psychological and emotional trauma, and death, were direct and proximate results

of the County’s above policies and customs, as well as the dereliction and inadequate supervision

by Sheriff Bonner and Chief Fields.

55. Plaintiff’s loss of her husband, and the minor child T.F.’s loss of her father, were

also direct and proximate results of the County’s above policies and customs, as well as the

dereliction and inadequate supervision by Sheriff Bonner and Chief Fields.

V.

FEDERAL CAUSES OF ACTION

56. Plaintiff incorporates and reiterates the allegations above as if set forth verbatim

under the following counts.

57. The Defendants, acting under color of state law, violated the rights of Mr. Freeman

secured by the Fourth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments.

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A. Count One: Violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 through Policies, Customs, and Practices
(Against the County)

58. As a local government body and political subdivision of the State of Tennessee, the

County is subject to liability under section 1983 for the official acts and omissions of its

policymakers.

59. Sheriff Bonner, Chief Fields, the SCSO’s Assistant Director of Jail Programs, and

various other County policymakers enacted policies and tolerated practices and customs that were

deliberately indifferent to, and caused the violation of, Mr. Freeman’s constitutional rights.

60. These policies, customs, and practices included, but were not limited to, the

following:

(a) The County’s official policy of providing detainees only perfunctory

mental-health screenings upon arrival to the Jail;

(b) The County’s official policy of confining the provision of

emergency-medical care to outside medical staff;

(c) The County’s unwritten custom and practice of tolerating instances

of excessive force by Jail staff against inmates;

(d) The County’s unwritten custom and practice of tolerating violations

of mental-health and other Jail medical protocols;

(e) The County’s tacit encouragement of Jail staff who inflicted pain
and punishment on inmates experiencing mental-health crises as a means of
compelling submission and compliance;

(f) The County’s refusal to promulgate appropriate policies or

procedures, or to take other measures, to prevent the use of unwarranted or
excessive force by Jail staff despite awareness of a clear and persistent
pattern of such conduct;

(g) The County’s decision not to adequately train and supervise

subordinate correctional officers in the appropriate use of force in the Jail,
despite a clear and persistent pattern of excessive-force violations;

(h) The County’s decision not to promulgate appropriate policies or

procedures, or to take other measures, to ensure correctional officers’
compliance with mental-health and other Jail medical protocols, despite a

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clear and persistent pattern of violations of these protocols by Jail staff;

(i) The County’s failure to adequately train or supervise subordinate

officers in the importance of following mental-health and other Jail medical
protocols, despite a clear and persistent pattern of violations of these
protocols by Jail staff; and

(j) The County’s continued reliance on members of the Blackshirts to

fill Jail staffing shortages, despite these officers’ well-known and well-
documented pattern of using unwarranted and excessive force against
detainees.

61. Furthermore, the County ratified the actions of Jail staff that caused and contributed

to Mr. Freeman’s injuries and death by refusing, through the policymaker Sheriff Bonner, to

investigate, or to take administrative action against, the officers involved.

62. Furthermore, the County’s demonstrated pattern of inadequately investigating

similar incidents supports the inference that the County inadequately investigated this incident.

63. The County’s ratification of the subordinate officers’ conduct supports the

inference that Mr. Freeman’s death resulted from policy decisions attributable to the County.

64. The official and de facto policies of the County were also direct and proximate

causes of Mr. Freeman’s injuries because Jail staff acted according to these official and de facto

policies when they brutalized and killed Mr. Freeman.

B. Count 2 - Supervisory Liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983

(Against Sheriff Bonner)

65. As the head of the SCSO and the County’s chief law-enforcement officer, Sheriff

Bonner was at all pertinent times responsible for controlling and supervising the conduct of

subordinate SCSO employees.

66. Sheriff Bonner had a non-delegable duty and responsibility to formulate, oversee,

and implement official policies, practices, customs, and procedures of and for the SCSO.

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67. Long before and at all times pertinent to the events above, Sheriff Bonner knew

that:

(a) The perfunctory mental health screenings provided to detainees

upon arrival at the Jail were inadequate to identify inmates with
psychological and psychiatric problems despite their outsize prevalence
among the Jail population and that a more robust screening process would
provide adequate protection;

(b) The County’s official policy of confining the provision of

emergency-medical care to outside medical staff, rather than SCSO Jail
staff, was resulting in a failure to provide necessary medical care in the
initial minutes of medical emergencies (i.e., before medical staff could
arrive);

(c) In a clear and persistent pattern, the Blackshirts and other Jail staff
regularly used excessive force against prisoners;

(d) In a clear and persistent pattern, the Blackshirts and other Jail staff
regularly violated mental-health and other Jail medical protocols;

(e) In a clear and persistent pattern, the Blackshirts and other Jail staff
regularly inflicted pain and punishment on inmates experiencing mental-
health crises as a means of compelling submission and compliance;

(f) The Jail lacked appropriate policies, procedures, or training to

prevent the use of excessive or unlawful force by correctional officers in the
Jail despite awareness of a clear and persistent pattern of such conduct;

(g) The Jail lacked appropriate policies, procedures, or training to

ensure correctional officers’ compliance with mental-health and other Jail
medical protocols, despite a clear and persistent pattern of violations of
these protocols by Jail staff; and

(h) The use of the Blackshirts to fill Jail staffing shortages, despite these
officers’ well-known and well-documented pattern of using excessive force
against detainees was resulting in more excessive force incidents than
would have occurred if regular correctional deputies staffed these positions.

68. The pre-trial detainees in the Jail had clearly established rights to receive basic

mental-health and other medical care, and to be free from unwarranted or excessive force.

69. The camera footage and incident records in this matter demonstrate Jail staff were

either unaware of clearly established law or believed they would not face meaningful consequences

18
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 19 of 26 PageID 19

for violating pre-trial detainees’ rights. This level and degree of ignorance among SCSO

employees demonstrates that Sheriff Bonner failed to properly train or supervise his subordinates

on fundamental principles regarding use of force and mental-health and other medical protocols.

70. Properly trained and supervised public-safety officers and other personnel would

not have engaged in the acts that preceded and caused Mr. Freeman’s death.

71. Sheriff Bonner’s failure to properly control or supervise his subordinates in the

manner alleged under this Count directly and proximately caused Mr. Freeman’s injuries and

death, and Plaintiff and T.F.’s losses of their husband and father, respectively.

72. Sheriff Bonner’s failure to provide adequate and proper training and supervision,

as evidenced by the actions of so many officers in this matter amounted to deliberate indifference

and disregard for the constitutional rights of detainees like Mr. Freeman.

C. Count 3 - Supervisory Liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983

(Against Chief Fields)

73. As the County’s Chief Jailer, Chief Fields was at all pertinent times responsible for

controlling and supervising the conduct of Jail staff and for the safety and wellbeing of the Jail’s

pre-trial detainees.

74. Chief Fields had a non-delegable duty and responsibility to formulate, oversee, and

implement official policies, practices, customs, and procedures for Jail staff.

75. Long before and at all times pertinent to the events above, Chief Fields knew that:

(a) The perfunctory mental-health screenings provided to detainees

upon arrival at the Jail was inadequate to identify inmates with
psychological and psychiatric problems, and that a more robust screening
process would provide adequate protection;

(b) The County’s official policy of confining the provision of

emergency-medical care to outside medical staff, rather than SCSO Jail
staff, was resulting in a failure to provide necessary medical care in the
initial minutes of medical emergencies (i.e., before medical staff could
arrive);

19
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 20 of 26 PageID 20

(c) In a clear and persistent pattern, the Blackshirts and other Jail staff
regularly used excessive force against prisoners;

(d) In a clear and persistent pattern, the Blackshirts and other Jail staff
regularly violated mental-health and other Jail medical protocols;

(e) In a clear and persistent pattern, the Blackshirts and other Jail staff
regularly inflicted pain and punishment on inmates experiencing mental-
health crises as a means of compelling submission and compliance;

(f) The Jail lacked appropriate policies, procedures, or training to

prevent the use of excessive or unlawful force by correctional officers in the
Jail despite awareness of a clear and persistent pattern of such conduct;

(g) The Jail lacked appropriate policies, procedures, or training to

ensure correctional officers’ compliance with mental-health and other Jail
medical protocols, despite a clear and persistent pattern of violations of
these protocols by Jail staff; and

(h) The use of the Blackshirts to fill Jail staffing shortages, despite these
officers’ well-known and well-documented pattern of using excessive force
against detainees was resulting in more excessive force incidents than
would have occurred if regular correctional deputies staffed these positions.

76. The pre-trial detainees in the Jail had clearly established rights to receive basic

mental-health and other medical care, and to be free from unwarranted or excessive force.

77. The camera footage and incident records in this matter demonstrate that Jail staff

were either unaware of clearly established law or believed they would not face meaningful

consequences for violating pre-trial detainees’ rights. This level and degree of ignorance

demonstrates that Chief Fields failed to properly train or supervise subordinate Jail staff regarding

use of force and mental-health and other medical protocols.

78. Properly trained and supervised public-safety officers and other personnel would

not have engaged in the acts that preceded and caused Mr. Freeman’s death.

79. Chief Fields’ failure to properly control or supervise his subordinates as alleged

under this Count directly and proximately caused Mr. Freeman’s injuries and death, and Plaintiff

and T.F.’s losses of their husband and father, respectively.

20
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 21 of 26 PageID 21

80. Chief Fields’ failure to provide adequate and proper training and supervision, as

evidenced by the actions of so many officers in this matter was so grossly negligent that it

amounted to deliberate indifference and disregard for the civil and constitutional rights of detainees

like Mr. Freeman.

D. Count 4 – Violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act

(Against the County)

81. “In the Americans with Disabilities Act [the “ADA”], Congress provided [a]

broad mandate” to “effectuate its sweeping purpose [to] . . . forbid[] discrimination against

disabled individuals in major areas of public life, [including] . . . public services . . . .” PGA Tour,

Inc. v. Martin, 532 U.S. 661, 675 (2001). It is “a milestone on the path to a more decent, tolerant,

progressive society.” Id. (quoting Bd. of Trustees of Univ. of Ala. v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356, 375

(2001) (Kennedy, J., concurring)).

82. The ADA embodies a public policy committed to the removal of a broad range of

impediments to the integration of people with disabilities into society and strengthening the federal

government’s role in enforcing the standards established by Congress.

83. The ADA requires that “no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of

such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services,

programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.” 42

U.S.C. § 12132.

84. The ADA further prohibits any public entity from, either directly or through

contractual or other arrangements, using any criteria or methods of administration that (a) have the

effect of subjecting qualified individuals with disabilities to discrimination on the basis of their

disability or (b) perpetuate the discrimination of another public entity if both public entities are

subject to common administrative control or are agencies of the same State. 28 C.F.R. §§ 35.130

21
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 22 of 26 PageID 22

(b)(3)(i), (iii).

85. The ADA further forbids retaliation against individuals with disabilities on the

basis of their disabilities.

86. Mr. Freeman was an individual with a medical condition that substantially limited

one or more major life activity, and therefore, was considered to be a person with a disability under

the ADA. See 29 U.S.C. § 705(9)(B), as amended by the ADA Amendments Act, Pub. L. 110-325,

Sec. 7, 122 Stat. 3553 (Sept. 25, 2008).

87. Shelby County is a public entity subject to the ADA.

88. At the time of the incident that forms the basis of this Complaint, Mr. Freeman was

suffering from acute psychosis that derived from his disability.

89. Mr. Freeman was one of hundreds of detainees at the Jail with such mental health

disabilities. At any given time, the Jail houses between 150 and 350 detainees with diagnosed

mental health disorders. The Jail is well-aware of the need for mental health accommodations to

be compliant with the ADA but provides totally inadequate resources to meet those needs.

90. Further, 4-Juliet pod was supervised by senior deputies with authority to provide

reasonable modifications that would accommodate Mr. Freeman’s disability or otherwise remedy

practices that violated the ADA.

91. The lack of training the senior deputies supervising the 4-Juliet pod received, along

with the fundamental lack of investment in mental-health resources for the Jail, violated ADA

requirements.

92. Jail staff discriminated against Mr. Freeman on the basis of his disability when they

responded to his symptoms of acute psychosis, attributable to his disability, with gratuitous and

punitive violence.

22
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 23 of 26 PageID 23

93. The County subjected Mr. Freeman to discrimination on the basis of his disability,

in violation of 34 C.F.R. § 104.4(b)(4), by operating a mental-health pod that lacked adequate

mental-health staff and utilized Jail staff with no medical training, who were ignorant of de-

escalation techniques, to manage inmates experiencing acute psychosis.

94. The County used methods of administration that had the effect or purpose of

defeating or substantially impairing accomplishment of the objectives of the Jail’s programs and

services in violation of 34 C.F.R. § 104.4(b)(4).

VI.

PENDANT CAUSES OF ACTION

95. Plaintiff incorporates, re-alleges, and reiterates the allegations in Paragraphs 1-94

as if set forth verbatim under this count.

96. In addition, Plaintiff avers that the County is liable under the Tennessee

Governmental Tort Liability Act, Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-20-205 because certain

County employees involved in Mr. Freeman’s death, who either were not—or were not

exclusively—deliberately indifferent to his constitutional rights, nonetheless did act with simple

negligence. These negligent County employees included but were not limited to:

(a) The corrections deputies who struck, improperly restrained, and

failed to intervene in the violent assault on Gershun Freeman;

(b) The deputies who opened Gershun Freeman’s cell door while he
was in a psychotic state;

(c) The Jail officials with responsibility for the supervision of the
corrections deputies who killed Gershun Freeman; and

(d) Sheriff Bonner and Chief Fields (if and only if a finder of fact
determines that their conduct was merely negligent and not deliberately
indifferent):

97. Those County employees were negligent in that:

23
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 24 of 26 PageID 24

(a) They owed Mr. Freeman a duty of care;

(b) They breached that duty;

(c) That breach of duty contributed to Mr. Freeman’s injuries and

wrongful death; and

(d) It was foreseeable that the County employees’ breach of duty would
cause Mr. Freeman’s injuries and wrongful death.

VII.

LOSS OF CONSORTIUM

98. Plaintiff incorporates, re-alleges, and reiterates the allegations above as if set forth

verbatim under this count.

99. Plaintiff was at all relevant times the wife of Mr. Freeman, and her minor child was

the child of Mr. Freeman and, as such, they were entitled to the comfort, companionship, society,

love, enjoyment, and support of Mr. Freeman.

100. As a direct and proximate result of the facts alleged above, the Plaintiff and her

minor child were deprived of the comfort, companionship, society, love, enjoyment, and support

that Mr. Freeman would otherwise have provided them.

101. Plaintiff and her minor child have suffered and will continue to suffer economic

loss and have otherwise been emotionally and economically injured.

102. Plaintiff’s injuries and damages are permanent and will continue into the future.

Plaintiff seeks actual and punitive damages from the Defendants alleged herein.

VIII.

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully demands judgment against the Defendants on each

Count of the Complaint and prays that this Court:

24
Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 25 of 26 PageID 25

A. Permit Plaintiff leave to amend this Complaint after reasonable

discovery;

B. Empanel a jury to try this matter;

C. Award Plaintiff compensatory damages in an amount to be

determined according to the proof;

D. Award Plaintiff punitive damages against the individual Defendants

in an amount to be determined according to the proof;

E. Award Plaintiff taxable costs and expenses under 28 U.S.C. § 1920

and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54;

F. Award Plaintiff reasonable attorneys’ fees and non-taxable expenses

under 42 U.S.C. § 1988;

G. Award Plaintiff pre- and post-judgment interest under Tennessee

Code Annotated section 47-14-123; and

H. Grant such other and further relief as the Court may deem
appropriate under the circumstances.

25
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 26 of 26 PageID 26

Dated April 4, 2023.

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Brice M. Timmons ___________

Brice M. Timmons (TN 29582)
Craig A. Edgington (TN 38205)
Melissa J. Stewart (TN 40638)
DONATI LAW, PLLC
1545 Union Avenue
Memphis, TN 38104
(901) 278-1004 (Office)
(901) 278-3111 (Fax)
brice@donatilaw.com
craig@donatilaw.com
` melissa@donatilaw.com

/s/ Jacob Webster Brown _____

Jacob Webster Brown (TN 36404)
Sara Kathrine McKinney*
APPERSON CRUMP, PLC
6000 Poplar Avenue, Suite 150
Memphis, Tennessee 38119
(901) 756-6300 (Office)
(901) 757-1296 (Fax)
jbrown@appersoncrump.com
smckinney@appersoncrump.com
*Tennessee Bar Applicant

/s/ Benjamin L. Crump _____

Benjamin L. Crump (TN 38054)
BEN CRUMP LAW, PLLC
633 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Second Floor
Washington, D.C. 20004
(800) 859-9999 (Phone)
(800) 770-3444 (Fax)
ben@bencrump.com

Attorneys for Plaintiff Nicole Freeman

26
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-1 Filed 04/04/23 Page 1 of 16 PageID 27

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 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-3 Filed 04/04/23 Page 1 of 6 PageID 57

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE WESTERN SECTION OF TENNESSEE
WESTERN DIVISION

NICOLE FREEMAN, as wrongful death )

representative of Gershun Freeman and next ) Case No.
friend of minor child T.F., )
)
PLAINTIFF, ) COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATIONS OF
) THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1871, 42
) U.S.C. § 1983
v. )
)
SHERIFF FLOYD BONNER, in his )
individual capacity; CHIEF JAILER KIRK ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
FIELDS, in his individual capacity; SHELBY ) PURSUANT TO FED. R. CIV. PRO. 38(a)
COUNTY, TENNESSEE, a Tennessee ) & (b)
municipality; and JOHN/JANE DOES 1-14, )
Shelby County correctional officers, in their )
individual capacities, )
)
DEFENDANTS. )

PLAINTIFF’S RULE 1006 SUMMARY OF SUBSTANTIATED EXCESSIVE FORCE

VIOLATIONS BY SHELBY COUNTY CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS AT 201
BETWEEN JUNE 2018 AND SEPTEMBER 2021
______________________________________________________________________________

Date of Punishment DISCOVERY

Case # Incident Incident Summary Received PAGES
Inmate Christopher Henderson filed a grievance
stating Officer Kenneth Faulner pushed him down
SI2018- Oral
06/05/18 the steps. Surveillance was viewed and SC 853 - 54
261 Reprimand
substantiated Inmate Christopher Henderson's
account.
Officer Nicholas Hyman was observed on
surveillance footage using Freeze Plus P chemical
SI2018- agent to spray an inmate that was secured bhind Oral
07/27/18 SC 859 - 60
433 his cell door. Officer Hyman was not in harms' Reprimand
way because the inmate was secured.
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-3 Filed 04/04/23 Page 2 of 6 PageID 58

Inmate Patrick Shaw complained that Officer

Danielle May sprayed him with the Biovex used to
clean the mattresses, while he was sitting on his
bunk. Surveillance footage was reviewed and Three (3)
SI2018- proved Officer May inmate Shaw multiple times. day
08/03/18 SC 855 - 58
404 During the investigation Officer May lied to suspension
investigators and it was determined that Officer without pay
May sprayed the inmate with the bleach solution.

Officer Kenneth Faulker pushed Inmate Meco Three (3)

Hampton a total of seven times during an incident. day
Surviellance footage did not show Inmate suspension
SI2018-
10/03/18 Hampton displaying any aggressive behavior without pay; SC 861 - 64
508
during the time of the incident. EAP referral
to anger
management
Officer Katisha Walker was seen on surveillance
SI2018- footage pushing Inmate Kelvin Collins in his Written
10/18/18 chest on two separate times and it was determined SC 869 - 70
565 Reprimand
that the force was not required.
Officer Pierre Finnie deployed Freeze Plus P into
the face of an inmate who was secured in full Three (3)
SI2018- restraints. Officer Finnie was found to have used day
10/19/18 SC 865 - 68
545 nedless force, failed to have used reasonable suspension
alternatives prior to using freeze plus, and failed to without pay
maintain self-control.
Officer Andre Bardwell was seen on surveillance
footage, spraying into an open cell security flap
SI2018- with his chemical agent, assaulting an inmate with Oral
11/06/18 SC 871 - 72
576 the chemical agent. Officer Bardwell was not in Reprimand
harm's way nor was there a threat to anyone else.

Officer Haliburton was escorting inmate Griggs

out of the pod (inmate Griggs was not comative
SI2018- and per Officer Haliburton complying) when Written
11/10/18 SC 873 - 74
594 Officer Terita Payne came up and sprayed both the Reprimand
inmate and Officer Haliburton.

2
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-3 Filed 04/04/23 Page 3 of 6 PageID 59

Inmate Derron Pegues observed on surveillance

footage walking towards Officer Damian Cooper's
desk. Officer Cooper stood to his feet and another
inmate stood between them with his hands held
out, as if to keep them apart. Inmate Pegues
remained about six to eight feet away from Officer
Cooper, and still behind the taped security line on
the floor in front of the officer's desk. When the
inmate standing between them walked away,
inmate Pegues began backing up with his hands
SI2019- down at his side as Officer Cooper began walking Oral
02/25/19 SC 893 - 94
151 toward him. Officer Cooper then reached for his Reprimand
chemical agent and inmate Pegues began to turn
away. Officer Cooper then reached around inmate
Pegues' head and sprayed him in the face. Officer
Cooper then grabbed the back of Inmate Pegues'
hair from behind and pulled him to the floor. Once
they reached the floor, Officer Cooper began
punching inmate Pegues with his left first. Officer
Cooper then put Inmate Pegues in a headlock.

Officer Kimberly White observed striking inmate One day

Lildarryl Clark in the face and then with a closed suspension
SI2019- fist unprovoked. without pay;
04/09/19 SC 895 - 98
226 reduced to
written
reprimand
Lt. Conolly observed stomping and kicking inmate One day
SI2019- Antwon Robinson while he was being held down
04/10/19 suspension SC 907 - 08
303 on the floor. without pay
Lieutenant Todd Connolly walked up to a gated
bar door and sprayed a chemical agent at Inmate
Brandon McClendon. Officer E. Chaney opened
One day
SI2019- the bar door and Inmate McClendon came out.
05/07/19 suspension SC 901 - 904
265 Several officers followed the inmate as well as Lt.
without pay
Connolly. Lt. Conolly sprayed inmate McClendon
again while he was handcuffed and had his head
down.
Officer Katisha Walker observed standing in front
of Inmate Damien Boone's cell shaking her Freeze Ten (10)
P plus and spraying two bursts into the cell and
SI2019- day
06/27/19 then walking away. Officer Walker failed to notify SC 909 -12
348 suspension
command of deploying her chemical agent and did without pay
not create an incident report.

3
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-3 Filed 04/04/23 Page 4 of 6 PageID 60

Officer Fredrick McCloud accosted inmate Jeremy

Fields, while he was handcuffed and assaulted him
in a vicious and retaliatory manner. Officer
McCloud followed inmate Fields to 2nd floord
medical without any prior authorization to do so,
AI2019- where he conducted the assault. This assault
08/14/19 Termination SC 881 - 87
035 resulted in inmate Fileds receiving significant head
injuries and required treatment at the emergency
room. A grand jury indicted Officer McCloud on
11/13/2019, of felony misconduct and aggravated
assault.
Inmate Monterio Towles was complying with an
order to walk towards the holding tank as
instructed. Officer Ronald Nesbit was observed
SI2019- running behind Inmate Towles and placing his Oral
10/26/19 SC 916 - 19
569 neck around inmate Monterio Towles' neck and Reprimand
choking him out to the point that Inmate Towles
either passed out or appeared to pass out.

Corrections Deputy Cleosha Lee jeopardized her

safety as well as Officer Alamin's safety by
30 Day
AI2019- confronting an irate inmate and engaging in an
11/04/19 suspension SC 888 -892
050 unnecessary physical altercation. Inmate Lurry did
without pay
not pose an immediate threat to herself or others at
the time of the incident.
Surveillance footage shows Sergeant Camry Porter Three (3)
SI2020- pulling inmate Carlisle from the back of his head day
01/13/20 SC 928 - 31
85 and putting her arm around his neck. suspension
without pay
Officer Latricia Edwards deployed chemical
SI2020- agents against inmate Ralph Johnson when inmate Oral
03/28/20 SC 933 - 34
328 Johnson did not pose a threat and was retreating Reprimand
back into his cell.
Officer Lee Simmons assaulted inmate Deandre
Mitchell. Inmate Mitchell did not have a hostile
posture and both his arms were at his side while Ten (10) SC 920 - 25;
AI2020- surrounded by four officers. Officer Simmons day Askew upheld
05/06/20
016 struck Inmate Mitchell from behind with a closed suspension punishment
fist in the facial area. Inmate Mitchell did not without pay SC 926 - 27
swing at any staff member and only take actions to
block blows by staff.
While staff attempted to cuff Inmate Katrina Three (3)
SI2020- Boone on the ground, Sergeant Halliburton kicked day
07/05/20 SC 936 - 39
376 her. suspension
without pay

4
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-3 Filed 04/04/23 Page 5 of 6 PageID 61

Inmate D. Edwards was struck in the face by

Officer LaTricia Edwards in the face with a closed
fist then placed in a headlock while posing no One (1) day
SI2020-
07/20/20 threat to Officer Edwards. Officer Edwards suspension SC 940 - 44
431
straddled the inmate and struck him multiple times without pay
with a closed fist while the inmate did not fight
back or protect himself.
The incident involving Mr. Hester that serves as Ten (10)
SI2020- the basis for this lawsuit. Only Defendant Jones day
07/20/20 SC 945 - 48
456 was punished. suspension
without pay
Officer Marico Johnson was delivery food in third
floor P-pod. The pod was on lockdown due to staff
shortages on this day. Once Officer Johnson mate
it to 3-P-18 the door was rolled open for Inmate
Brandon Clay. Inmate Clay walked out of the cell
with his belongings in his hand and Ten (10)
SI2020- nonthreatening. Officer M. Johnson sprayed day
07/20/20 SC 949 - 52
457 inmate B. Clay with freeze plus p, inmate B. Clay suspension
then turned and ran back into his cell. Officer M. without pay
Johnson is seen on surveillance footage going into
the cell behind the inmate. Seconds later, Officer
M. Johnson can be seen at the door pulling inmate
B. Clay out of the cell by his shirt, slanging him
clear across the pod to the other side.
At 1910 on Friday January 8, 2021, Inmate
Henderson can be seen exiting the strip search tank
without a face mask on. The mask was in his hand
as he approached Officer Cooper. Officer Cooper
Ten (10)
and inmate Henderson were facing each other
SI2021- day
01/08/21 exchanging words when Officer Cooper pushed SC 965 - 67
089 suspension
Henderson in the chest with an open hand palm
without pay
into the wall. At no time did inmate Henderson
make an aggressive move toward officer Cooper.
Then Officer Cooper struck inmate Henderson
with a closed fist on the left side of his face.
Officer Quintin Draper assisted Officer Cooper in
SI2021- the above incident. Officer Draper placed inmate Written
01/08/21 SC 971 - 72
131 Henderson in a choke hold. Reprimand

Despite being instructed on several occasions by

Captain Rudd and LT. Lee not to go into the strip
search tank without a male officer being present
Officer Quintin Draper entered the strip search Ten (10)
SI2021- tank on March 19, 2021. Inmate Ventrell Collins day
03/19/21 SC 973 - 76
228 tossed his shirt on the ground and told Officer suspension
Draper to pick it up. Officer Draper was then without pay
observed striking inmate Collins with a closed fist.

5
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-3 Filed 04/04/23 Page 6 of 6 PageID 62

Officer Steveland Freeman was observed on

surveillance striking inmate Cortez Davis, while One (1) day
SI2021-
05/26/21 handcuffed, in the facial area and spraying him suspension SC 977 - 80
544
chemical agents for being in his personal space. without pay

Officers Kenneth Boykin deployed his chemical

agent at two (2) inmates multiple times in
Ten (10)
reference to Incident #21-0613-120. After the
SI2021- day
06/13/21 inmate's actions didn't warrant any further SC 981 - 84
617 suspension
escalated use of force with chemical agents,
without pay
Officer Boykin continued to deploy his chemical
agent.
Ten (10)
day
SI2021- Officer Desmon Haywood observed grabbing suspension
06/29/21 SC 985 - 88
629 inmate Barnes from behind as inmate Barnes was without pay;
proceeding to his bunk and placed an arm around referral to
his neck. A physical altercation ensued. EAP
Surveillance footage shows Officer Cortez Sims
engaging in an altercation with inmate Darshun
Five (5) day
SI2021- Holliday three times without inmate Holliday
09/13/21 suspension SC 989 - 92
797 fighting back. Officer Sims pushed Inmate
without pay
Holliday several times and swung towards his
facial area.
Officer Markus Buchanon deployed chemical
Five (5) day
SI2021- agent against inmate Roderick Moore after inmate
09/13/21 suspension SC 993 - 96
823 Moore raised his hands and laid on the floor on his
without pay
stomach.

6
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AO 440 (Rev 06/12) Summons in a Civil Action

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

for the

WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE

NICOLE FREEMAN, as wrongful death

representative of Gershun Freeman and next
friend of minor child T.F.,

Plainnms)

Civil Action No.

SHERIFF FLOYD BONNER, in his individual
capacity; CHIEF JAILER KIRK FIELDS, in his
individual capacity; and the GOVERNMENT OF
SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE

SUMMONS IN A CIVIL ACTION

To: (Defendant 's name and address) KIRK FIELDS, CHIEF JAILER
201 Poplar
Avenue
9th Floor
Memphis, Tennessee 38103

A lawsuit has been filed against you.

Within 21 days after service of this

sumtnons on you (not counting the day you received it) or 60 days if you
are the United States or aUnited States agency, or an officer ot' employee of the United States described in Fed, R. Civ.
P. 12 or (3) — you must serve on the plaintiff an answer to the attached cotuplaint or a motion under Rule 12 of
theFederal Rules of Civil Procedure. The answer or motion must be served on the plaintiff or plaintiff's attorney,
whose name and address are:
Brice M. Timmons
DONATI LAW, PLLC
1545 Union Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104
(901) 278-1004
brice@donatilaw.com
If you fail 10 respond, judgment
by default will be entered against
you for the relief clelnanded in the complaint.
YOLI also must file your
answer or motion with the court.

CLERK OF COURT

Date:
Signature Q/ Clerk or Deputy Clerk
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-5 Filed 04/04/23 Page 2 of 2 PageID 208

44() (Rev ()6/12) Summons in a Civil Action (Page 2)

Civil Action No.

PROOF OF SERVICE
(This section should not befiled with the court unless required Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 (l))

This summons for (name o/ individua/ and li.•lc. many)

was received by me on (date)

D I personally served the

summons on the individual at (place)

on (date) ,
or

D I left the summons at the individual's residence or usual place of abode with (name)

a person or suitable age and discretion who resides there.

on (date) ,
and mailed a copy to the individual's last known address; or

O I served the
summons on (name v/ündiv;c/ua/) who is
designated by law to accept service 01'
process on behalf of (name Q/
organication)

on (date) ,
or

O I returned the
summons unexecuted because ; or

O Other (spect/j,).

My fees are $ for travel and for services, for a total of $ 0.00

I declare under penalty of periury that this införnumtion is true.

[)ate:

Server 's signature

Printed name and title

Server •saddress

Additional information regarding attempted service, etc:

 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-6 Filed 04/04/23 Page 1 of 2 PageID 209

AO 440 (Rev 06/12) Summons in

a Civil Action

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

for the

WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE

NICOLE FREEMAN, as wrongful death

representative of Gershun Freeman and next
friend of minor child T.F.,

Plainnos)
Civil Action No.
SHERIFF FLOYD BONNER, in his individual
capacity; CHIEF JAILER KIRK FIELDS, in his
individual capacity; and the GOVERNMENT OF
SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE

SUMMONS IN A CIVIL ACTION

To: (Defendant 's name and address) GOVERNMENT OF SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE
ATTN: Marlinee Iverson, County Attorney
160 N. Main Street, 9th Floor
Memphis, Tennessee 38103

A lawsuit has been filed against you.

Within 21 days after service of this

summons on you (not counting the day you received it) or 6() days if you
—

are the United States or a United States agency, or an officer or einployee of the United States described in Fed. R. Civ.
P. 12 or (3) you must serve on the plaintiff an answer to the attached complaint or a 1110tion under Rule 12 of
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The
answer or motion must be served on the plaintiff or plaintiffs attorney,
whose name and address are:
Brice M.Timmons
DONATI LAW, PLLC
1545 Union Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104
(901) 278-1004
brice@donatilaw.com
If you fail to respond, judgtnent by deläult will be entered against you 'for the relief demanded in the complaint.
You also must file your answer or motion with the court.

CLERK OF COURT

Date:
Signature e/ (Yerk or Deputv Clerk
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-6 Filed 04/04/23 Page 2 of 2 PageID 210

AO 44() (Rev 06/12) Summons in a ( •tvil Action (Page 2)

Civil Action No.

PROOF OF SERVICE
(This section should not be./iled with ihe court unless required by Fed. R. Civ. P. d (I))

This summons for (name Q/ individua/ and title, i/an.V)

was received by me on (date)

D J personally served the summons on the individual at (place)

on (date) ,
or

D I left the sununons at the individual's resiclence or usual place of abode with (nante)

, a person or suitable age and discretion who resides there,

on (date) ,
and Inailed a copy to the individual's last known address; or

O I
served the sumtnons
on (name (2/ individual) who is
designated by law to accept service of process on behalf of (name o/å»rganizanon)
on (date) or

O I returned the
summons unexecuted because ,
or

O Other

My fees are
$ for travel and $ for services, for a total of
$ 0.00

I declare under penalty of perjury that this information is true.

Date:
Server 's signature

Printed name and title

Server •saddress

Additional information regarding attempted service, etc:

 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-7 Filed 04/04/23 Page 1 of 2 PageID 211

Civil Action
AO 440 (Rev. 06/12) Summons in a

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

for the
WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE

NICOLE FREEMAN, as wrongful death

representative of Gershun Freeman and next
friend of minor child T.F.,

Plaintiff(s)

Civil Action No.

SHERIFF FLOYD BONNER, in his individual
capacity; CHIEF JAILER KIRK FIELDS, in his
individual capacity; and the GOVERNMENT OF
SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE
Defendant(s)

SUMMONS IN A CIVIL ACTION

To: (Defendant 's name and address) FLOYD BONNER, JR., SHERIFF
201 Poplar Ave. 9th Floor
Memphis, TN 3103

A lawsuit has been filed against you.

Within 21 days after service of this summons on you (not counting the day you received it) or 60 days if you
—

are the United States or a United States agency, or an officer or employee of the United States described in Fed. R. Civ.
P. 12 (a)(2) or (3)
you must serve on the plaintiff an answer to the attached complaint or a motion under Rule 12 of
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The answer or motion must be served on the plaintiff or plaintiff's attorney,
whose name and address are:
Brice M. Timmons
DONATI LAW, PLLC
1545 Union Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104
(901) 278-1004
brice@donatilaw.com
Ifyou fail to respond, judgment by default will
be entered against for the relief demanded in the complaint.
you
You also must file your answer or motion with the court.

CLERK OF COURT

Date:
Signature of Clerk or Deputy Clerk
 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-7 Filed 04/04/23 Page 2 of 2 PageID 212

AO 440 (Rev. 06/12) Summons in

a Civil Action (Page 2)

Civil Action No.

PROOF OF SERVICE
(This section should not be filed with the court unless required by Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 (l))

This summons for (name of individual and title, ifany)

was received by me on (date)

O I personally served the summons on the individual at (place)

(date)
on or

O I left the summons at the individual's residence or usual place of abode with (name)

,
a person of suitable age and discretion who resides there,

on (date) and mailed a copy to the individual's last known address; or

O I served the summons on (name of individual) who is

designated by law to accept service of process on behalf of (name of organization)

(date)
on or

O I returned the
summons unexecuted because ,
or

O Other (specify).

fees are
My $ for travel and
$ for services, for a total of
$ 0.00

I declare under penalty of perjury that this information is true.

Date:
Server 's signature

Printed name and title

Server 's address

Additional information regarding attempted service, etc:

 Case 2:23-cv-02193 Document 1-8 Filed 04/04/23 Page 1 of 1 PageID 213
JS 44 (Rev, 04/21)
CIVIL COVER SHEET
The 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as
JS
provided by local rules of court. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the
purpose of initiating the civil docket
sheet. (SEE 'IWIS' FORM.)
NEAT
1. (a) PLAINTIFFS DEFENDANTS
SHERIFF FLOYD BONNER, in his individual capacity;
NICOLE FREEMAN, as wrongful death representative of
CHIEF JAILER KIRK FIELDS, in his individual capacity,
Gershun Freeman and next friend of minor child T.F. GOVERNMENT OF SHELBY COUNTY, TN
(b) County of Residence of First Listed Plaintiff County of Residence of First Listed Defendant
(EXCEPT IN US. PLAINTIFF ('ASES') (IN (/.S.
PLAINTIFF CASES' ONLY)
NOTE: INLAND CONDEMNATION CASES, USE THE LOCATION OF
THE TRACT OF LAND INVOLVED.

(C) Attorneys (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone Number) Attorneys (l/ Known)

11. BASIS OF JURISDICTION in One Box only) 111. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES an in One

(For Diversity •ases()nly)

(
and ()ne Box for Defendant)
U.S. Government x
0
3 Federal Question PTF DEF DEF
Plaintiff (U.S. Government No/ a Party) Citizen of This State Incorporated or Principal Place
of Business In This State

4 Diversity Citizen Of Another State Incorporated and Principal Place

U.S. Government
Defendant (lm/icute Citizenship e/ Parties in Ilem Ill) Of Business In Another State

Citizen or Subject Ofa Foreign Nation

Foreign Countly
lv. NATURE OF SUIT (Wace an Click here for: Nature f Suit Code Descri tion
CONTRACT TORTS FORFEITURE/ E ALTV BANKRUPTCY OTHER TATUTES
1 10 Insurance PERSONAL INJURY PERSONAL INJURY 625 Drug Related Seizure 422 Appeal 28 USC 158 375 False Claims Act
120 Marine 310 Airplane 365 Personal Injury 21 Withdrawal Qui Tam (31 USC
-
USC 881 423 376
130 Miller Act 3 15 Airplane Product Product Liability 690 Other 28
USC 157 3729(a))
140 Negotiable Instrument Liability 367 Health Care/ 400 State Reapportionment
INTELLECTUAL
150 Recovery of Overpayment 320 Assault. Libel & Pharmaceutical PROPER Y R GHTS 410 Antitrust
& Enforcement Of Judgment Slander Personal Injury 820 Copyrights 430 Banks and Banking
151 Medicare Act 330 Federal Employers' Product Liability 450Commerce
830 Patent
152 Recovery of Defaulted Liability 368 Asbestos Personal 460 Deportation
835 PatentAbbreviated
-

Student Loans 340 Marine Injury Product 470 Racketeer Influenced and
New Drug Application
(Excludes Veterans) 345 Marine Product Liability 840 Trademark Corrupt Organizations
153 Recovery of Overpayment Liability 480 Consumer Credit
PERSONAL PROPERTY 880 Defend Trade Secrets
Of Veteran 's Benefits 350 Motor Vehicle 370 Other Fraud 710 Fair Labor Standards Act Of 2016 (15 USC 1681 or 1692)
160 Stockholders• Suits 355 Motor Vehicle 371 Truth in Lending Act 485 Telephone Consumer
190 Other Contract Product Liability 380 Other Personal 720 Labor/Management OCI Protection Act
195 Contract Product Liability 360 Other Personal Property Damage Relations 861 HIA (1395ff) 490 Cable/Sat TV
196 Franchise Injury 385 Property Damage 740 Railway Labor Act 862 Black Lung (923) 850 Securities/Commodities/
362 Personal Injury -
Product Liability 751 Family and Medical 863 DIWC,'DIWW (405(g)) Exchange
Medical Malpractice Leave Act 864 SSID Title 890 Other Statutory' Actions
L PR IVIL IGHTS ERP TT 790 Other Labor Litigation 865 RSI (405(g)) 891 Agricultural Acts
210 Land Condemnation 440 Otller Civil Rights Habeas Corpus: 791 Employee Retirement 893 Environmental Matters
220 Foreclosure 441 Voting 463 Alien Detainee Income Security Act 895 Freedom of Information
230 Rent Lease & Ejectment 442 Employment 510 Motions to Vacate 870 Taxes (U.s. Plaintiff Act
240 Torts to Land 443 Housing/ Sentence or Defendant) 896 Arbitration
245 Tort Product Liability Accommodations 530 General 871 IRS—Third 899 Adlninistrative Procedure
26
290 All Other Real Property 445 Amer. w/Disabilities - 535 Death Penalty USC 7609 Act/Review or Appeal Of
Employment Other: 462 Naturalization Application Agency Decision
446 Amer. w/Disabilities - 540 Mandamus & Other 465 Other Immigration 950 Constitutionalityof
Other 550 Civil Rights Actions State Statutes
448 Education x 555 Prison Condition
560 Civil Detainee -

Conditions or
Confinement
V. ORIGIN
x I Original
02 Removed from 3 Remanded from Reinstated or 5 Transferred from
Cl
6 Multidistrict 8 Multidistrict

Proceeding State Court Appellate Court Reopened Another District Litigation -

Litigation -

(specify) Transfer Direct File

Cite the U .S. Civil Statute under which you are filing (Do not cite jurisdictional statutes unless diversity):

VI. CAUSE OF ACTION

28 U.S. C. Sections 1331 and 1343(a), and 42 U.S.C. Sections 1983 and 12132
Brief description of cause:
Unlawful treatment while incarcerated which led to wrongful death
VII.
REQUESTED IN Ü CHECK YES only if demanded
DEMAND S in complaint:
CHECK IF THIS IS A CLASS ACTION
COMPLAINT: UNDER RULE 23, F.R.Cv.P. DEMAND: X
VIII. RELATED CASE(S)
IF ANY
(See instructions):
JUDGE The Honorable Sheryl H. Lipman DOCKET NUMBER
2:22-cv-02862
DATE SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD
04/04/2023 /s/Brice M. Timmons
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

RECEIPT AMOUNT APPLYING IFP JUDGE MAC}, JUDGE