Benford’s Law

natural number observed logarithm observed prob error

Fa=
number interval frequency interval computed of mean
1 1-2 0.306 0.301 0.005 ±0.008
2 2-3 0.185 0.176 0.009 ±0.004
3 3-4 0.124 0.125 -0.001 ±0.004
4 4-5 0.094 0.097 -0.003 ±0.003
5 5-6 0.080 0.079 0.001 ±0.002
6 6-7 0.064 0.067 -0.003 ±0.002
7 7-8 0.051 0.058 -0.007 ±0.002
8 8-9 0.049 0.051 -0.002 ±0.002
9 9-10 0.047 0.046 0.001 ±0.003
10 0.041
11 0.038
12 0.035
13 0.032
14 0.030
15 0.028
16 0.026
17 0.025
18 0.023
19 0.022
20 0.021
30 0.014
40 0.011
60 0.007
80 0.005
100 0.004
 0.350
0.320
0.300
Log(a+1/a) 0.280
0.300
0.260

Axis Title
Axis Title
0.240
0.250
0.220
0.200
0.200
0.180
0.160
0.140
0.150
0.120
0.100
0.100
0.080
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.020
0.000
0.000
0 0 21 42 36 48 510 6 12 7 14 8 169 110
8 11
20 12
22 1324 1426 15 2816 3017 318
2 19
34 20
36 2138 2240 23 4224 424
Axis Title Axis Title

0.045

0.040

0.035

0.030

0.025

0.020

0.015

0.010

0.005

0.000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
 3017 318
2 19
34 20
36 2138 2240 23 4224 425
4 426
6 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
is Title
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expires