Display Types: Emissive (LEDs) Vs Non-Emissive (LCDs)

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Displays can be classified as Emissive and Nonemissive.
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Emissive displays emit light from each pixel with different
intensity and color
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This light constitutes an image
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Plasma Display Panels (PDPs), Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs), Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), and Field
Emission Displays (FEDs) are all emissive displays.

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these displays can be used in low ambient light
conditions.
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Emissive displays tend to have very high contrast ratios,
since they are completely dark when turned off.

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Non-Emisive Displays

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A light source is needed for nonemissive displays.
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It modulate light by means of absorption, reflection,
refraction, and scattering to render images.
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Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are non-emissive and
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they need some external light source to generate an
image.
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This light can be ambient light in the case of a reflective
display, as with a calculator, or
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a backlight in the case of a transmissive display, such as a
notebook computer/mobile phone.
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LCDs can be transmissive, reflective, or transflective (a
hybrid of transmissive and reflective).

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Transmissive LCD displays

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light emitting from the back of the display glass must
pass through the LCD towards the front to light the pixels.
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The most common devices using transmissive LCDs are
smartphones, tablets,
computer monitors, TVs
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Advantages

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High image quality:
– Transmissive LCDs can produce high-quality, bright, vivid
images with a wide color gamut and high contrast ratio.
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Good visibility in low-light environments:
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Wide viewing angles
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Suitable for high-resolution

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Disadvantages

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High power consumption:
– LCDs require a backlight to be visible, which increases power
consumption and reduces the end product's battery life.
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Reduced visibility in bright sunlight:
– Transmissive LCDs are not well-suited for use in direct sunlight, as
the backlight can wash out the display.
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Susceptible to glare:
– Transmissive LCDs can be affected by glare,
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two types of transmissive LCDs:
– Twisted nematic (TN) and In-plane switching (IPS).
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The TN display is relatively inexpensive and the main
difference between these two technologies is
– that crystal molecules move parallel to the plane in IPS technology,
– as opposed to perpendicular in TN technology

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Reflective LCD Displays

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Reflective displays rely on bright ambient light to be
visible.
– There is no backlight source inside this kind of display; instead,
light is reflected from the surrounding environment for the pixels
to be visible.

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Reflective LCD Displays

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It uses a reflective layer along with the polarizing filter, to
reflect the light back to the user's eyes
– The liquid crystal layer modulates the amount of light that is
reflected back, creating the desired image.

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Uses

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Reflective LCDs are great for outdoor or sunlight-readable
applications where the device is exposed to direct
sunlight.
– These displays are also used in small handheld devices where
power consumption is a concern.
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most common devices using reflective LCDs are
– outdoor applications such as GPS devices and portable devices
such as e-readers, camera viewfinders, and digital watches.
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Advantages

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Low power consumption:
– Reflective LCDs do not require a backlight, which reduces their
power consumption and extends the device's battery life.
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High visibility in sunlight
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Thin and lightweight
– As no backlight needed

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Disadvantages

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Limited viewing angles
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Poor performance in low light
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Reduced color depth

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Transflective LCD displays

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Transflective displays combine backlighting and ambient
light reflection to illuminate the pixels,
– a display with both transmissive and reflective properties.

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Uses

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Transflective LCDs are commonly used in industrial and
medical equipment,
– essential to have high visibility in any lighting conditions.
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widely used in marine, military, and aviation applications
– where the operator needs to see the display in bright and low light
conditions.
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It has Limited color depth compared to Transmissive

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