MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT (AUTOMOTIVE)

CASE STUDY

DBM 30033 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2

CLASS: DAD3S1

PREPARED BY:

Name Matrix No.

FARIQ HARIZ BIN ZAINUDIN 13DAD19F1025

AKMAL BIN JAMALLUDIN 13DAD19F1082

AIBAQ AQMAL BIN AZAM 13DAD19F1010

ANUAR
MUHAMMAD AMMAR SYAZWAN 13DAD19F1109
BIN AMRAN

LECTERATURE: UMIEY SYAHIDA BINTI FAUZI

TITLE OF PAGE

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 TOPICS: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

SUBTOPICS: COMPUTE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY AND DISPERSION

TITLE: STUDENT MAY ACCESS IN WEBSITE OR OTHERS RELATED SOURCES

THAT RELATED TOSUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES. AS EXAMPLE
https://meih.st.gov.my/, http://www.data.gov.my/

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2
NO MATTER PAGE
1 TITLE OF PAGE 2
2 INTRODUCTION 4
3 DATA ANALYSIS:
i) The raw data that related to
sustainable technologies. A
minimum number of raw data is 30
(more is better).
ii) A frequency table – calculation
number of class, size of class.
iii) Measures of central tendency and
dispersion – calculation of mean,
mode, median, quartiles – *(Q1, Q3,
5-12
IR), deciles – *(D2, D8), percentiles
– *(P45, P77), mean deviation,
variance and standard deviation.
*depending on the lecturer
iv) Interpretation of central tendency
by using graph – build a histogram
and ogive.
Find the value of mode, median,
quartiles – *(Q1, Q3, IR), deciles
–*(D2, D8), percentiles – *(P45,
P77).
*depending on the lecturer
4 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 13
5 REFERENCES 14

INTRODUCTION

3
 Statistics and probability are sections of mathematics that deal with data
collection and analysis. Probability is the study of chance and is a very fundamental
subject that we apply in everyday living, while statistics is more concerned with how we
handle data using different analysis techniques and collection methods. These two
subjects always go hand in hand and thus you can't study one without studying the other.

Statistics are used very widely not only in analyzing data remains relevant by
giving meaning to the data analyzed. Statistics are used to collect, say, summarize,
analyze, and draw interesting or meaningful conclusions to data scientifically. Statistics
today are not just standing still itself but also combined with other fields of knowledge
such as economics which becomes econometric. The combination of biology and
statistics becomes the combined biostatistics between psychology and statistics becomes
psychometric.

Statistics provide a tool to explain variability in data and to make accurate

decisions that take into account. The Data is collected, displayed, summarized, analyzed,
and interpreted to identify patterns and deviations from patterns. Quantitative data can be
explained in terms of key features: shape measurement, center, and spread. The form of
data distribution may be described as symmetrical, oblique, flat, or bell-shaped, and may
be summarized by statistical measurement centers (such as mean or median) and
statistical measurement spreads (such as standard deviation or interquartile range).
Different distributions can be compared numerically using these statistics or compared
using plots visually. Knowledge of the center and dissemination is not enough to describe
the spread. Which statistics to compare, which plots to use, and what the comparative
results mean, depends on the questions to be investigated and the real-life actions to be
taken.

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 DATA ANALYSIS

The data in Diagram shows the donation in RM, of 40 families to their children’s school
welfare fund.

40 24 17 30 22 26 35 19
23 28 33 33 39 34 39 28
27 35 45 21 38 22 27 35
30 34 31 37 40 32 14 28
20 32 29 26 32 22 38 44

Using the data in Diagram 8 and a class interval RM 5, complete the following table.

Donation Frequency ( xi fixi Cumulative Lower Upper

(RM) fi ¿ Frequency Boundaries Boundaries
(Fi)
11-15 1 13 13 1 10.5 15.5
16-20 3 18 54 4 15.5 20.5
21-25 7 23 161 11 20.5 25.5
26-30 9 28 252 20 25.5 30.5
31-35 12 33 396 32 30.5 35.5
36-40 6 38 228 35 35.5 40.5
41-45 2 43 86 40 40.5 45.5

( fx )
i) Mean, x ¿ ∑
f

1190
=29.75
40

5
 [ ]
N
−F
ii) l
Median, m = m+ 2 C
fm

25.5 + [ 20−11
9 ]
× 5 = 30.5

iii) Mode, m0= l m 0 +

[ ] d1
d1 +d
2
C

30.5 + [ ] 3
3+ 6
×6 = 32.17

[ ]
N
−F
iv) 1 Quartile, Q1 = l Q 1 + 2
st
C
f Q1

[ ]
40
−4
20.5 + 4 × 5 = 24.79
7

[ ]
3N
−F
v) 3 Quartile, Q 3 = l Q 3 + 4
rd
C
f Q3

[ ]
3 ( 40 )
−20
30.5 + 4 × 5 = 34.67
12

6
vi) Interquartile = 3rd Quartile – 1st Quartile

34.67−24.79
= 4.94
2

[ ]
KN
−F
vii) Decile, D k = l DK + 10 C
f DK

D2

[ ]
2 ( 40 )
−4
20.5 + 10 5
7
= 23.36

D8

[ ]
8 ( 40 )
−20
30.5 + 10 5
12
= 35.5

[ ]
KN
−F
viii) Percentiles, Pk = l PK + 100 C
f PK

P45

7
 [ ]
45 ( 40 )
−11
25.5 + 100 5
9
= 29.39

P77

[ ]
77 ( 40 )
−20
30.5 + 100 5
12
=35
ix) Mean Deviation

13-29.75 = -16.75(40) = -670

18-29.75 = -11.75(40) = -470
−490
23-29.75 = -6.75(40) = -270 =
40
28-29.75 = -1.75(40) = -70 = -12.25
33-29.75 = 3.25(40) = 130
38-29.75 = 8.25(40) = 330
43-29.75 = 13.25(40) = 530

x) Variance

¿ = 280.56(40) = 11222.4
¿ = 138.06(40) = 5522.4
28856.8
¿ = 45.45(40) = 1822.4 =
40
¿ = 3.06(40) = 122.4 = 721.42
¿ = 10.56(40) = 422.4

8
 ¿ = 68.06(40) = 2722.4
¿ = 175.56(40) = 7022.4

xi) Standard Deviation

√ 721.42 = 26.86

9
10
N 40
= = 10
4 4

Q 1 = 20

Quartile

Q3

3 N 3(40)
= = 30
4 4

Q 3 = 29.5

D2

2 N 2(40)
= =8
10 10

D 2 = 18.5

Deciles

D8

8 N 8( 40)
= = 32
10 10

D 8 = 30.5

11
P45

45 N 45(40)
= = 18
100 100

P45 = 24.5

Percentiles

P77

77 N 77(40)
= = 30.8
100 100

P77 = 29.5

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 DISCUSSION

We have all used the term 'Average' in some form or another at some point in our
lives. Statistical averages are introduced and defined in this section. Mean, median, mode
and range are discussed both at an introductory level and also at a more advanced level,
like the concept of Assumed mean. Frequency and its aspects like Cumulative Frequency
are also discussed. Also, we know that, quartile, deciles and percentiles can be find in
graph. By using a raw data than put it in time table to find mean, median and mode. Also
draw a graph use all the information from the time table. Student need to make more
exercise about statistics and probability. With this kind of method, students would not
have a problem with question given from lecture.

CONCLUSION

Probability is the study of random events. It is used in analyzing games of chance,

genetics, weather prediction, and a myriad of other everyday events. Statistics is the
mathematics we use to collect, organize, and interpret numerical data. It is used to
describe and analyze sets of test scores, election results, and shoppers’ preferences for
particular products. Probability and statistics are closely linked because statistical data are
frequently analyzed to see whether conclusions can be drawn legitimately about a
particular phenomenon and also to make predictions about future events. For instance,
early election results are analyzed to see if they conform to predictions from pre-election
polls and also to predict the final outcome of the election.

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 REFERENCES

 https://www.slideshare.net/ruhanaahmad/koleksi-soalan-matematik-spm
 https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/statistics-definitions/
mean-median-mode/
 https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/summarizing-
quantitative-data/mean-median-basics/a/mean-median-and-mode-review
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFY7PVBJQgY&feature=youtu.be

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