MODAL VERBS EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY AND LOGICAL ASSUMPTION RES won't : ill ; can't/couldn’t Joy must ”" I'm certain...) fm sure that oe 6 don’t have to/ haven't got to have (got) to It’s probable. needn't may not / might not 50% may / might / could ps possible...J Perhops.../ Maybe. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words. 1. It wasn't necessary for him to write to his mum because she rang him. need He ...didn't need to write... to his mum because she rang him. 2 We took more luggage than was necessary on our holiday, taken We .. - . Much luggage on our holiday. ‘8. There's no need for you to water the plants this morning. have You .. the plants this morning. 4 wasnt necessary for Artur to got he vain bocause his brother offered to give him a it. need Arthur . . the train because his brother offered to give him a lift. 5 Sho came early last night, weir waar necessary because re party didn’t start till ten. come She "early last night because the party didn’t start til ten. 1 Soldiers are forbidden to leave the camp unless they get special permission. not Soldiers ...must not leave the camp... unless they get special permission. 2. Unauthorised personnel are not allowed to go beyond this point must Unauthorised personnel .... 3 It lant necessary for Jin to get up early tomorrow as it is a holiday. have Jim .. .. Up early tomorrow as itis a holiday. 4 Readers are not allowed to take books out of the library without firs filing in a form. not Readers . Out of the library without first filing 5 Itiont necessary for Jule to work today; she can have tho day of have Julio : this point. a form. w-nw today; she can have the day off. Y oeill We can use will and will not / won't with a similar meaning to miust/car't, This is most common when we are certain of something because its what is expected, or what is normal/typical, “Theres somebody coming up the stairs: “That'll be Mary! Can you ring Jol?" ‘Will ite be there now?" ‘Yes, he always starts work at 8.00 ‘Shea we go and have something to eat?" ‘No, the canteen won't be open yet. {B Putin will or won't. 1 Chloe still be in the office: she always the last to leave. ‘The chair isn't ell that big, It fit in the car all right. It's no use phoning Alan ~ he beat home now. George saw William yesterday, $0 he sso. sso know what's happening, Jenny .... be out of hospital yet ~ her operation was only yesterday. There’ a letter from you? “That sevseeen be from the bank, l expect! AS you « sev. know from my report, we are losing money heavily. Jack had a very late night He sss, be feeling too good today, { imagine. 8 Wed better phone Helen. She .... be wondering where we've got to, 10 Excuse me. You .... remember me, but we met in Dublin last year. 3 4 6When we want to indicate that we think a pas/ situation (seen from either a present or future ewpoint)is certain, we use will (or won't) have + past participle (see also Unit 15C): The past seen from a present viewpoint As you will have noticed, he has cut off They will have reached home by now. his beard. ..you noticed... past vuthey reached home... past <_ now now ‘ertainty WILL (1) will We can use will and will not / won't with a similar meaning to must/can't, This is most common when we are certain of something because it's what is expected, or what is normal/typical. ‘It’s five o'clock. Janet’ll be in Moscow now.’ (based on our experience of travel times) ‘Ihope she's taken some winter clothes because it won't be warm at this time of year.’ For something ongoing, we use will/won't + be + -ing form: Jason knows his successor will be having a hard time in the job. (based on Jason's experience) If we know something as a fact, i.e we have independent proof, we use the present simple, or, for something ongoing, the present continuous: Janet’s in Moscow. She called us from her hotel. Jason has heard from his successor, He knows she’s having a hard time in the job. eke iyant : To refer to something which we feel certain has happened (but do not actually use will + have + past participle: We sent the invitation on Monday, so they will have received it by now. This is similar to must + have + past participle (> Unit 32.3): We sent the invitation on Monday, so they must have received it by now. We use won't + have + past participle to refer to something which we feel cert not happened: We sent the invitations by second-class post. They won't have received them yet. We do not use mustn't in this way, but we can use can’t: x We he-invitations-by-second-chess-post-Fhey mister have received then / We sent the invitations by second-class post. They can’t have received them