EVENT LOCATION TESTING

Event on the night of the 22/11/2022 around 22:56:36. The event is not evident from the raw data
so a filter is applied between 50 and 500 Hz (Fig. 1).

Fig 1. Event sed in all the test so far. Signal filtered with a Butterworth (50,500,4). Dead channels at the beginning
and end of the optic cable are not considered. Notice the large noise close to the big fan in the mine.

 Testing STA/LTA Method.

We tested standard STA/LTA method for one of the channels (offset = 94 m). This channel has a
decent SNR of the event. The parameters are: stw = 0.002, ltw = 0.05, thr = 3. The event is found
but other 2 peaks are marked too. Maybe the second is local noise and the first is maybe due to
the windowing (I have to check). Of course using a single channel is not a great idea.

StrainRate
Events?

STA
LTA

STA/LTA
Events?

Fig 2: Classic STA/LTA results for a single channel of the DAS data.

 Now we follow the comments on Jousset et al., 2022 (https://www.nature.com/articles/

s41467-022-29184-w). We perform STA/LTA method on all the channels of the DAS (Fig.3 ;
parameters as above) and then proceed to stack every STA/LTA time serie. We also time stack the
DAS data to a single channel for comparison as they find it useful (we don't, out data is too
noisy!). The event is found, but there is also the same pick at the beginning (still need to check
what is going on, maybe is the taper of the input data). I think this is much better than using one
channel

Sum StrainRate
Events?

Sum STA
Sum LTA

STA/LTA
Events?

Fig 3: Stacked STA/LTA results for all the DAS data.

Testing MER Method.

Now we tested an idea from the CREWES team. They use the energy ratio attribute and modified
it by combining with the absolute values on the seismogram (Han et al., 2009; https://
www.crewes.org/Documents/ResearchReports/2009/CRR200930.pdf). They call it MER
(modified energy ratio). We tested the idea on the same channel with a time window L=0.01s
(Fig 4) and on all the data stacking the results of MER (Fig 5). MER works well, but I cannot say
it is always better that STA/LTA. It does make it easy on the "findpeaks" type of functions to
locate the peaks (and hence the events).

StrainRate
Events?

MER
Events?

Fig 4: Classic STA/LTA results for a single channel of the DAS data.

 Sum StrainRate
Events?

MER
Events?

Fig 5: Stacked MER results for all the DAS data.