Grand Quiz - Logical Thinking – BSCS Fall A 15 Part C

Instructor: Mr. Farrukh Ehsan (Senior Lecturer FOIT)

Total Marks 21 | Date: 30 Dec. 2022

Name: ______________
Roll #: ______________

Understanding the problem is part of exam, any type cheating will result in zero marks in this part of
exam.

Please find the solution by applying Polya’s Method.

Problem 1: Farmer Ali has many animals on his farm. He has 72 chickens, which make
up 60% of his total animals, and the rest of his animals are sheep. How many legs in
total do his animals have?
Solution
1) Understand the problem:
 Step One of Polya's Process is to understand the problem.
 We are trying to count how many legs the animals have in total.
 The animals are chickens (which have 2 legs each) and sheep (which have 4 legs
each).
2) Device a plan:
Step Two of Polya's Process is to devise a plan.
 We will work with an equation.
 An example of an equation to use to solve the problem is
 (72 chickens * 2 legs) + (number of sheep * 4 legs) = total legs.
 However, we do not know the number of sheep.
 We know that 60% of the total number of animals is equal to 72,
 so if n is the total number of animals,
 we have 0.60n = 72 so the total number of animals is 72/0.6 = 120.
 Then the number of sheep is the remaining amount of animals.
 A revised equation to use to solve the problem is
 (72 chickens * 2 legs) + ((120-72) sheep * 4 legs) = total legs. 3)
3) Carry out the plan:
Step Three is to carry out the plan.
 We will solve our equation. 120 - 72 = 48 sheep,
 and so we have (72 * 2) + (48 * 4) = total legs.
  72 * 2 = 144 and 48 * 4 = 192,
 so the total number of legs is
 144+192 = 336 legs.

4) Revise
Step Four is to look back. Does this answer make sense?
 There should be more legs than animals and the number should be an even
number (the animals each have an even number of legs) and 336 fits this.
 We can check that 0.6(120) = 72 chickens and that 0.4(120) = 48 to make sure
the number of animals is correct.
 Our answer checks out.

Problem 2: The sum of 3 consecutive odd integers is 57. Find the integers.
Step 1: Understand the problem.
We are looking for 3 ODD consecutive integers,
 we will let x = 1st consecutive odd integer
 x + 2 = 2nd consecutive odd integer
 x + 4 = 3rd consecutive odd integer
Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

4: Look back (check and interpret):

If you take the sum of 17, 19 and 21 you do get FINAL ANSWER:
The three consecutive odd integers are 17, 19 and 21.
Problem 3: Find 72% of 35.
Step 1: Understand the problem:
Since we are looking for a number, we will let x = the number
Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret):

25.2 is 72% of 35.

Problem 4: The cost C to produce x number of cd’s is C = 50 + 5x. The cd’s are sold
wholesale for $15 each, so revenue R is given by R = 15x. Find how many cd’s the
manufacturer needs to produce and sell to break even.
Solution:
Step 1: Understand the problem:
We are looking for the number of cd’s needed to be sold to break even,
we will let x = the number of cd’s
Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

Step 4: Look back:
When x is 5 the cost and the revenue both equal 75. FINAL ANSWER: 5 cd’s.

Problem 5: The ages of 3 sisters are 3 consecutive even integers. If the sum of twice
the 1st even integer, 3 times the 2nd even integer, and the 3rd even integer is 34, find
each age.
Solution:
Step 1: Understand the problem.
We are looking for 3 EVEN consecutive integers,
we will let

 x = 1st consecutive even integer

 x + 2 = 2nd consecutive even integer
 x + 4 = 3rd consecutive even integer

Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

Step 4: Look back:
If we take the sum of two times 4, three times 6, and 8, we do get 34
FINAL ANSWER: The ages of the three sisters are 4, 6, and 8.

Problem 6: The sum of 3 consecutive integers is 258. Find the integers.

Solution:
Step 1: Understand the problem:
We are looking for 3 consecutive integers,
we will let
 x = 1st consecutive integer
 x + 1 = 2nd consecutive integer
 x + 2 = 3rd consecutive integer

Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

Step 4: Look back:
The sum of 85, 86 and 87 does check to be 258.
FINAL ANSWER: The three consecutive integers are 85, 86, and 87.

Problem 7: In a blueprint of a rectangular room, the length is 1 inch more than 3 times
the width. Find the dimensions if the perimeter is to be 26 inches.
Solutions:
Step 1: Understand the problem:
We are looking for the length and width of the rectangle.
Since length can be written in terms of width, we will let
w = width
length is 1 inch more than 3 times the width:
1 + 3w = length

Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

Step 4: Look back:
If width is 3, then length, which is 1 inch more than 3 times the width would have to be
10.
The perimeter of a rectangle with width of 3 inches and length of 10 inches does come
out to be 26.

Problem 8: I purchased a new TV at a local electronics store for $541.25, which included
tax. If the tax rate is 8.25%, find the price of the TV before they added the tax.
Solution:

Step 1: Understand the problem:

We are looking for the price of the tv before they added the tax,
we will let
x = price of the tv before tax was added.
Step 2: Devise a plan:

Step 3: Carry out the plan:

Step 4: Look back:
If you add on 8.25% tax to 500, you would get 541.25.
FINAL ANSWER: The original price is $500.