stm

G7 3.2

Number Problems

solves number and digit problems.

Specific Objectives

1. Translate number problems in an algebraic equation.

2. Use models and algebraic methods to solve number problems.

Materials

• Pen
• Measuring tools
• Bond paper or intermediate paper

Lesson
Number problem is one of the common problems set being discussed in
algebra. There are many types of word problems. Number and Digit problem is
just some of them.
In this module, you will learn varieties of ways to solve a Number and Digit
Problems.

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Using Models:
One of the common ways to solve any type of problems is thru models or
illustration. In this way, a learner can visualize what is asked by the problem. The
more learners can visualize the given or the problem, the more the learners can
easily solve for it.

Number Statements: Illustrations:

There are two numbers, the other 1st Number =
number is 5 more than the first
number. 2nd Number =

There are two numbers, the 2nd 1st Number =

number is 4 times the 1st number.
2nd Number =

There are three consecutive integers.

1st Number =

2nd Number =

3rd Number =

POLYA Steps in Solving Word Problem.

1) Identify what is being asked.

- What are you ultimately trying to find? How far a car has traveled?
How fast a plane fly? How many items can be purchased? Whatever it
is, find it and then circle it. This helps ensure that you are solving for
what is being asked.
2) Identify and look for the given.
- This helps you know what you have and will point you to a relationship
or equation. Note any key words in the problem.
3) Write an Equation
- From the data you have gathered, write an equation that can possibly
solve the problem.
4) Carefully solve the equation or work the necessary computation.
- Be sure you are working in the same units (for example, you may have
to change feet into inches, pounds into ounces, and so forth, to keep
everything consistent).
5) Finally, check whether your answer makes sense or not.
- Check to make sure that an error in computation or a mistake in
setting up your equation did not give you a ridiculous answer.

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Example 1

I am thinking of two numbers. The larger number is 4 times the smaller number.
If the sum of two number is 60, what is the larger number?

Solution 1 (Thru Model)

Represents:

Smaller Number:

Larger Number:

The sum between 4 boxes and a box is 5 boxes. Meaning, if 5 boxes equal to 60.
Thus, each box is equals to 12.

Therefore, if larger number represents by 4 boxes, thus, the larger number is

48.

Solution 2: (POLYA’s Method)

Asked: What is the larger number?

Given: Let “x” be the smaller number and let “4x” be the larger number since
its stated that it is 4 times the smaller number.

Write an Equation: 4x + x = 60

Solve:

4x + x = 60
5x = 60
x = 12.

If x = 12, thus, 4x = 48. The larger number is 48.

Example 2
I am thinking of two numbers. The larger number is 4 times the smaller number.
If the difference of two number is 60, what are the two numbers?

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Solution 1 (Thru Model)

Represents:

Smaller Number:

Larger Number:

The difference between 4 boxes and a box is 3 boxes. Meaning, if 3 boxes equal
to 60. Thus, each box is equals to 20.

Therefore, if a smaller number represents by a box, thus the smaller number is

20 and if the larger number represents by 4 boxes, thus, the larger number is
80.

Solution 2: (POLYA’s Method)

Asked: What is the larger number?

Given: Let “x” be the smaller number and let “4x” be the larger number since
its stated that it is 4 times the smaller number.
Write an Equation: 4x – x = 60
Solve:

4x – x = 60
3x = 60
x = 20.

If x = 20, thus the two numbers are 20 and 80.

Example 3

Two numbers are written such that the ratio between them is 5:7. When 7 is
added to each of them, the ratio becomes 2:3. Find the numbers.

Solution:

Let 5x and 7x be two numbers.

By adding 7, we get 5x + 7 and 7x + 7.

5x + 7: 7x + 7 = 2: 3 Write in Fraction form.

5𝑥+7 2
= Cross-multiply
7𝑥+7 3
3(5x + 7) = 2(7x + 7) Distribute
15x + 21 = 14x + 14 Combine Like Terms
15x – 14x = 14 – 21 Simplify
x = -7

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Since x = -7, and the two numbers represent by 5x and 7x respectively. Thus the
two numbers are -35, and – 49.

Example 4

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 11. The new number obtained
when the digits are reversed is 7 more than twice the original number. Find the
original number.

Solution:

The problem asks for the original number.

Let x = the units digit of the original number.

Then, 11 – x = the tens digit of the original number.

Number Units Tens Value

Original Number x 11 – x 10(11 – x) + x = 110 – 9x
Number with the 11-x x 10x + 11 – x = 9x + 11
digits reversed

Equation:
Take note of the translation: The new number obtained when the digits are
reversed is 7 more than twice the original number. Find the original number.

Thus, we have: 9x + 11 = 2(110 – 9x) + 7

SOLVE:
9x + 11 = 2(110 – 9x) + 7 Distribute
9x + 11 = 220 – 18x + 7 Simplify
9x + 11 = 227 – 18x Combine like terms
27x = 216 Divide both sides by 27
x = 8.

Note: If x = 8, thus, 11 – x = 3. Therefore, the original number is 38.

Example 5

A string is cut into 3 pieces, A, B, and C in the ratio 1:2:5. If C is longer than B by
15 ft, find the length of the string.

Solution:
Let A = x, B = 2x and C = 5x.

Equation: “C is longer than B by 15 ft”

5x = 2x + 15

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Solve:
5x = 2x + 15 Combine like terms.
3x = 15 Divide both sides by 3.
x=5

If x = 5, thus A = 5, B = 10 and C = 25.

Therefore, the length of the string is 40 ft.

EXERCISES

BASIC
Solve the following problem:

1. Four times a number is increased by 5 is 37. Find the number.

2. The difference between eight times a number and 16 is 40. Find the
number.
3. The sum of two numbers is 15. Three times one of the numbers is 19
less than five times the other. Find the numbers.
4. The sum of three consecutive even integers is 60. What are the
numbers?
5. The senior class of 770 students has a boy to girl ratio of 17:18. How
many girls are there?

INTERMEDIATE

Solve the following problem:

1) Find three consecutive integers such that the sum of the first and
half the third is 16 more than the second.
2) Find four consecutive even integers such that four times the greatest
is 36 more than the sum of the other three.
3) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. The value of the
number is 6 times the unit digit. Find the number?

ADVANCED

Solve the following problem. Show your complete solution:

1) The units digit of a two-digit is 3 more than the tens digit. If the sum
of the digits is 16 less than one-half the number, find the number.

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 2) Concrete can be made by mixing cement, sand, and gravel in the
ratio 3:6:8. How many cubic meters of each ingredient are needed
to make 935 cubic meters of concrete?

Closure

A. Please check the box if you can do it already.

• I can represent the details in a number problem into an equation.

• I can solve number and digit problems.
• I still need guidance in solving number and digit problems.

B. If you have questions in mind, please use the space below to address it.
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References

Orlando A. Oronce, and Marilyn O, Mendoza 2019. E – Math Worktext in

Mathematics. Sampaloc, Manila City: Rex Publishing House.

Ma. Luisa V. Villano, Lowela B. Mupas, Josephine L Sy Tan, and Simon L Chua, D.T.
2012. 21st Century Mathematics A Vission for a Better Future. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House.