English 7

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English – Grade 7 Quarter 3 – Module 15A: Paragraph Writing, Its Parts and
Features First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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Layout Artist: Monique V. Gabriel
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 English 7
Quarter 3
Self -Learning Module15A

Paragraph Writing :
Its Parts and Features

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Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to English 7 Self-Learning Module on Paragraph Writing, Its Parts

and Features!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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 For the Learner:

Welcome to English Self-Learning Module on Paragraph Writing, Its Parts

and Features!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that

you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application

of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

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 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional learner module in English 7. All the activities

provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Paragraph Writing,
Its Parts and Features.

After going through this self – learning module, you are expected to:

identify basic features of paragraph; recognize the parts

of a simple paragraph.
sequence steps in writing a simple paragraph.

PRETEST
Identify what is being defined in the following items. Choose the letter of the
correct answer in the word pool.

A. Topic Sentence B. Paragraph C. Unity D. Coherence E. Supporting Sentences

F. Paragraph Development G. Concluding Sentence H. Writing Process

_____1. This means that ideas “hang together”.

_____2. This refers to a collection of sentences which all relate to one main idea.

_____3. This tells the main idea of the composition.

_____4. This refers to the outline or steps in writing.

_____5. This refers to establishing relationship between and among the ideas of a
composition.

RECAP
Writing an effective paragraph has a lot of things to do with your academic
life, because the practice of writing paragraph is essential to good writing that will
make you succeed academically. In order for you to write an effective paragraph,
you should know the essential elements of it.

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 Today, let us talk about the characteristics and parts of a paragraph, and
the writing process.

LESSON
Take a look at the examples below:

Ex.1 To develop a pattern of respect in the family, open communication should be

present. Members should be honest, straightforward, and trustworthy with each
other.

Ex. 2 Respect is the core of family relationships and harmony. Respect can be
practiced in each new situation to establish and continue a pattern of respect among
the family members. Family members know when they are being respected, and
they know when they are practicing respect in return. Sometimes the guidelines for
respect are clear; they have been spoken out loud, shared, and demonstrated. Other
times, these guidelines are silently in place to follow and to honor. To develop a
pattern of respect in the family, open communication should be present. Members
should be honest, straightforward, and trustworthy with each other. If
communication and trust occur among family members on a regular basis, it makes
establishing the family rules for respect much easier. Every situation is different
and should be treated as a great chance to practice...to try again... and to establish
the pattern of respect!

Which between the examples is a paragraph? Is it the first example or the

second example?

As we go on, we are going to find out why the second example is the correct
answer.

A paragraph is a collection of sentences which all relate to one main idea or

topic. An effective paragraph has three main characteristics: unity, coherence, and
development.

When we say unity, this refers to the consistency of the ideas in a paragraph.
This means that all ideas in a paragraph “hang together”. This helps the readers
to better understand the main topic or idea that the writer wants to convey.
Another characteristic of paragraph is coherence. Coherence is somewhat related
to unity. This means establishing relationship between and among the ideas
presented in a paragraph. Coherence is more of how a writer organizes his/her
ideas in a paragraph. Also, a paragraph must be adequately developed. Paragraph
development refers to process of adding informative and illustrative details to
support the main idea of a paragraph.

Study the example paragraph for unity, coherence, and development.

Respect is the core of family relationships and harmony. Respect can be

practiced in each new situation to establish and continue a pattern of respect among
the family members. Family members know when they are being respected, and
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they know when they are practicing respect in return. Sometimes the guidelines for
respect are clear; they have been spoken out loud, shared, and demonstrated. Other
times, these guidelines are silently in place to follow and to honor. To develop a
pattern of respect in the family, open communication should be present. Members
should be honest, straightforward, and trustworthy with each other. If
communication and trust occur among family members on a regular basis, it makes
establishing the family rules for respect much easier. Every situation is different
and should be treated as a great chance to practice...to try again... and to establish
the pattern of respect!

In this example, it is obvious that all the sentences in the paragraph focus
only in a single idea which is “respect”. The first sentence states the importance
of respect in establishing a harmonious relationship within a family. Also,
informative details about the “pattern of respect” are given to support the idea of
the paragraph. Thus, this paragraph is a unified, coherent, and adequately
developed.

The three main parts of a paragraph that ensure unity, coherence and
development.

1. Topic sentence tells the main idea or topic of a paragraph.

Sometimes, it is called the “controlling idea”, because it helps the writer to control
his ideas in writing. A good topic sentence should be a clear and simple statement
that can be explained, supported and proven.

The topic sentence in our example paragraph is “Respect is the core of family
relationships and harmony.”, it gives readers idea on what to expect on the next
sentences. Also, it controls the flow of ideas in the paragraph.

2. Supporting sentences develop the topic. This means that they

prove and explain the main topic. Also, all sentences written on this part of a
paragraph must be related to the main topic.

The highlighted sentences are the supporting sentences from the sample
paragraph “respect.” They give reasons and support the idea of the topic sentence
“Respect is the core of family relationships and harmony.”

Respect is the core of family relationships and harmony. Respect can be

practiced in each new situation to establish and continue a pattern of
respect among the family members. Family members know when they are
being respected, and they know when they are practicing respect in return.
Sometimes the guidelines for respect are clear; they have been spoken out
loud, shared, and demonstrated. Other times, these guidelines are silently
in place to follow and to honor. To develop a pattern of respect in the
family, open communication should be present. Members should be honest,
straightforward, and trustworthy with each other. If communication and
trust occur among family members on a regular basis, it makes establishing
the family rules for respect much easier. Every situation is different and should
be treated as a great chance to practice...to try again... and to establish the pattern
of respect!

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 3. Concluding sentence summarizes the idea conveyed by the writer;
it may also add a final comment from the writer about a certain topic.

The last sentence of the paragraph is the concluding sentence.

“Every situation is different and should be treated as a great chance to
practice...to try again... and to establish the pattern of respect!”

The Writing Process

The writing process involves a series of steps to follow in producing a finished

piece of writing.

Use numbers 1-5 to arrange the given steps in writing a paragraph in correct
order.

________ Write supporting sentences.

________ Write a topic sentence.
________ Write the final paragraph.
________ Decide on a topic and create an outline.
________ Write a concluding sentence.

Let’s elaborate these steps, try to think of a topic to where you can relate the most
and write it on a piece of paper. Use the outline below as your guide.
Topic: Kindness
I. Topic Sentence: Kindness is the act of being kind and polite towards others.
II. Supporting Details:
a. It means being gentle, caring, generous, and friendly with others.
b. It costs nothing but it can help to make our planet a happy place to
live.
c. It helps to bridge the gap between two individuals.
d. Saying simple words such as ‘thank you’ is not hard to use to show
gratitude and kindness towards others.
III. Concluding Sentence: Thus, kindness is a character trait worth emulating
for.

So, here’s now the output.

Kindness is the act of being kind and polite towards others. It means
being gentle, caring, generous, and friendly with others. It costs nothing, but it
can help to make our planet a happy place to live. This is because it helps to
bridge the gap between two individuals. Saying simple words such as ‘thank you’
is not hard to use to show gratitude and kindness towards others. Thus,
kindness is a character trait worth emulating for.

Here, it is very obvious that the paragraph has a smooth and logical flow of
ideas, for all of the sentences are related to one common topic.

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 After checking the possible errors such as spellings, capitalization,
punctuation and other grammatical lapses, you should have one more glance over
it to determine whether it is complete. If everything is okay, that is the time that
you can write your final paragraph.

What you have done a while ago are the steps or the process of writing a
paragraph.
Guided Practice

Identify what part of a paragraph is the highlighted sentences. Write T for

topic sentence, S for supporting sentences, and C for concluding sentence.

Respect is an essential requirement of living in a society. Everyone must

respect fellow human beings. We certainly owe a basic level of respect to others.
Furthermore, appropriate respect must be shown to people who impact our lives.
This includes our parents, relatives, teachers, friends, fellow workers, authority
figures, etc. One of the best ways of showing respect to others is listening. Listening
to another person’s point of view is an excellent way of respect. Most noteworthy,
we must allow a person to express his views even if we disagree with them.

The highlighted sentence on this paragraph is a topic sentence. It talks

about the main idea of the paragraph.

Respect comes in many different forms. It is all about honoring other people
for their wisdom, actions and status. Respect for elders means honoring our parents,
grandparents, and anyone older than us. Respect for parents is a very specific kind
of respect for our elders. Respect for teachers means acting in an attentive manner
to those trying to educate us. Respecting someone else is a way of recognizing their
achievements and what they have done for us. Respecting others also shows we
care about them. Respect for others keeps the fabric of society together. We should
all respect each other because of our common humanity. In conclusion, we can
all show our respect for each other in different ways, and we can start it
right now.

The highlighted sentence in the paragraph is a concluding sentence. It

summarizes the ideas that the writer conveyed.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

Identify what is being defined in the following items. Write the best answer
on the space provided.

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1.This is the part of a paragraph that conveys its main idea. ________

2. This characteristic of a paragraph ensures its consistency of idea. ________

3. This refers to an additional information that explains the idea of a paragraph.
________

4. This refers to a group of sentences that all relate to one main idea or topic.
________

5. This means establishing relationship between and among the ideas of a

composition. ________

Activity 2

Use letters A – J to arrange the following sentences in correct order to form a unified, coherent
and well-developed paragraph.
________ It’s so easy to give respect to those who are worthy of it in your eyes, but
how about giving respect to those who don’t quite measure up?
________ Respect, as a by-product of love, is one of our innate qualities.
________ So, we should not really need to make effort to give it.
________ To give respect to all and not just those you like is the true meaning of
giving respect.
________ Everybody is worthy of respect simply because they exist, because they
are there in front of you.
________ If we have love and respect for ourselves and if we can see our own beauty,
only then we can see the beauty of others.
________ Then it will be very easy to give respect and create harmony.
________ In this way, you will naturally earn respect from others, remember respect
begets respect.
________ It's time to stay in your self-respect and to exercise and multiply your
quality of respect by giving it to others.
________ If you can’t see it, then look a little harder, for it will surely be there.

Activity 3

On a one whole sheet of paper, write a paragraph composed of 10-15 sentences

about your chosen topic or you may choose from the suggested topics below.
Suggested topics:
Kindness: Making the World a Better Place
The Value of the Filipino Youth
Respect: An Important Part of Humanity

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 WRAP-UP

To wrap everything up that we have talked about in this lesson, try to guess
the word that is being defined in each item. Match the code with the letters to form
a word.

A collection of sentences which all relate to one main

1. / ! ¥ ! & ¥ ! / *
idea or topic.

The answer here is “paragraph”. Always remember that a paragraph is a group

of sentences that focuses on a single idea or topic.

It refers to the “main idea” or “topic” of a

2. ∞ > / ( # € % < ∞ % < #%
composition.
The answer here is “topic sentence”.
The topic sentence helps the
It refers to establishing relationships between and
writer controls his/her ideas
among the ideas of a composition.
in writing.

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 3. # > * % ¥ % <#%

The answer here is “coherence”. Coherence as one of the characteristics of an

effective paragraph is used by the author to organize his / her ideas in writing.

4. ÷ < ( ∞ • It aims to show the consistency of ideas in writing.

“Unity” is the answer on this item. Unity helps the readers understand better
the paragraph, because it makes the ideas hang together.

5. µ ¥ ( ∞ ( < & /¥>#%€€ This refers to the outline or steps in writing.

The answer here is “writing process”. Writing process helps the writer come up
with a polished, well – developed and complete piece of writing.

VALUING

Respect and kindness are both important parts of the society, because they
ensure harmony, and unity among individuals, now let us see your idea of respect
and kindness by answering the activity on being kind and respectful.

(Reference: “Magnifying Glass Emoticon Stock Vector. Illustration of Equipment - 15563786." Dreamstime. Last modified August 13, 2010.
https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-magnifying-glass-emoticon-image15563786) (Reference: Listening to Music Emoticons for
Facebook, Email & SMS | Funny Emoticons, Emoticon, Smiley." Pinterest. Accessed July 27, 2020.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/ATQTth9vNoWOm-Myz3wqHW7aZUGqlHl6rc1DvwbUYZKJEZAEXYkzM2E/)
(Reference: “Hugging Face Emoji | Hand Emoji, Emoji, Hug." Pinterest. Accessed July 27, 2020. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/533817362080788342/)

It is good to know that you have a reflective idea of kindness and respect
based on your answers. This shows how good person you are. Always remember
that kindness and respect are both inseparable traits that an individual like you
must possess. You can show respect by showing kindness and vice versa. Respect
and kindness make our society a better place to live in.

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 POSTTEST
Identify what part of a paragraph is the highlighted sentence/s. Write the
letter of the best answer on the space provided.

A. Topic Sentence B. Supporting Sentences C. Concluding Sentence

1. Fairness is the concept in sociology, law and generally in society,

that something should be equal and not be a contradiction to accepted
standards. It's related to justice in both the legal and sociological sense. Fairness
is also treating others equally or in a way that is considered right or reasonable.
Fairness can mean sameness where everything is kept equal by being the same.
Fairness can also mean "deservedness" meaning a person gets what they deserve.
_________

2. Kindness is defined as the quality of being friendly, generous, and

considerate. Affection, gentleness, warmth, concern, and care are words
that are associated with kindness. Being kind often requires courage and
strength. Kindness is an interpersonal skill. Kindness is a willingness to
full-heartedly celebrate someone else's successes. Kindness is also about
telling the truth in a gentle way when doing so is helpful to the other
person. There are many ways to be kind and many opportunities to
practice. Perhaps kindness is a value that could add more satisfaction to and
strengthen your relationships. _________

3. Helpfulness is being of service to someone. When you are being helpful,

you do useful things that make a difference. Helpfulness can be doing something
that others cannot do for themselves, things they don’t have the time to do, or just
little things that make life easier. When people practice helpfulness, they care for
each other. They make each other’s lives easier. They are willing to cooperate to
get things done.
When people come together to help one another, great things can be accomplished.
_________

4. Respect is thinking and acting in a positive way about yourself or others.

Showing respect to someone means you act in a way that shows you care about
their feelings and well-being. Respect for others include things like not calling
people mean names, treating people with courtesy, caring enough about yourself
that you don't do things you know can hurt you. Thus, respect is thinking and
acting in a way that shows others you care about others’ feelings and their
well-being. ________

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5. Helpfulness is a trait that is necessary for all walks of life. Helping others
is a noble quality. Helping others mean making their life a little bit easier
when they are struggling and need some assistance. Be it a stranger or a
friend, helping others is an act that is well rewarded. Helpfulness is
something that makes the world go round, and for centuries people have
been relying on others help to progress. Thus, when you help someone, you
make sure that someone is happy and so are you. _________

KEY TO CORRECTION

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term1690383

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Accessed June 22, 2020.
https://web.extension.illinois.edu/familyworks/respect-
04.html

"Identify the Topic Sentence." Dearborn High School – Dearborn Public Schools.
Accessed June 15, 2020. https://dhs.dearbornschools.org

Morgan, Megan. "How to Write a Paragraph." WikiHow. Last modified June 17,
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https://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/impd.htm

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June 15, 2020. https://writeenglish.net/paragraphunity1-1.php

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"The 3 Parts of a Paragraph - The Three Parts of a Paragraph Topic Sentences
Support Sentences Conclusions A Paragraph Has Three Main Parts the First |
Course Hero." Get Unstuck | Course Hero. Accessed June 15, 2020.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/12420912/The-3-Parts-of-a-Paragraph/

"The Basic Parts of a Paragraph." Oklahoma City Community College. Accessed

June 15, 2020. https://www.occc.edu/mschneberger/howtoparagraph.htm
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https://www.pinterest.ph/bracin/respect-lessons/

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https://www.itstimetomeditate.org/respect-begets-respect/

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