English 8

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English – Grade 8
Quarter 4 – Module 1 Grammatical Signals: General to Particular
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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 English 8
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 1
Grammatical Signals:
General to Particular

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Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 8 Self-Learning Module 1 on Grammatical

Signals: General to Particular!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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 For the Learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 8 Self-Learning Module 1 on Grammatical

Signals: General to Particular!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

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 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional learner module in English 8. All the

activities provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand
Grammatical Signals: General to Particular.

Objectives:

A. Identify grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea

development.
B. Enumerate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of
idea development.
C. Develop multiple intelligences through differentiated activities.

PRETEST

Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is false.

__________1. Grammatical signals or expressions suitable to the general to
particular pattern of idea development help explain the relationship between
ideas and form a logical relationship among particular details.
__________2. In order to help the reader, follow the direction of a writer’s
thought, transitions or signal words are used and they are also called
grammatical signals or expressions.
__________3. Signal contrast words are changes in direction of the writer’s
thought. They tell you that the author is pointing out a difference between two
subjects or statements.
__________4. Signal time and sequence words help the reader understand the
order of events that are taking place.

__________5. Then, later, finally, next, soon now, immediately, while,

afterward, since, are examples of signal listing and adding.

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 RECAP

During the hard times of our life, many people are still willing to lend a
hand and lift us. We can read their stories in newspapers or hear them talk
from radios or television. It’s a great privilege to find these kinds of people who
gives us encouragement and hope.

Tell something about the picture What act of kindness have you seen
lately?
The COVID-19 crisis has brought about some tough challenges, the best
we can do right now is lean on each other and trust in God. The picture
itself signals that we are all in this together.

LESSON

A signal is also known as a sign, cue. Indicator, message or action.

Words that indicates signals are also used in a sentence or paragraph. A well-
developed paragraph is one in which every general idea is supported with
sufficient specific details so that the readers are not confused and can easily
comprehend what you are trying to say. In order to help the reader, follow the
direction of a writer’s thought, transitions or signal words are used and they
are also called grammatical signals or expressions.

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Discussion/Modelling

What is grammatical signal or expression?

They are used to signal relationships between ideas in your writing.
Grammatical signals or expressions suitable for the general to particular
patterns of idea development help explain the relationship between ideas and
form a logical relationship among particular details.

Types of Grammatical Signals or Expressions General to Particular

1. To signal time and sequence the following words are used. Then, later,
finally, next, soon now, immediately, while, afterward, since, thereafter,
presently, at last. They help the reader understand the order of events that
are taking place.

● Face mask is necessary when walking only on the streets while face
shield is important when you are going on public transport or work.
● Places across the country are having a tough time dealing with covid
19 pandemic, presently the government implements Modified
Enhance Community Quarantine.

2. To signal contrast, are words such as but, however, on the other hand,
otherwise, yet, at the same time, after all, in spite of, still, in contrast. They are
words that changes in the direction of the writer’s thought. They tell you that
the author is pointing out a difference between two subjects or statements.

● We have to fully trust God in spite of the many troubles we are facing
in life.
● A great turn of events has been happening in our life nowadays,
however we must not lose hope.

3. To signal listing and adding are, in addition, also, furthermore, moreover,

likewise, similarly, again, further. They tell that the writer’s thought is going
to continue in the same direction. He is going to add on more points or details
of the same kind. Addition words are typically used to signal enumeration.

● We can do some online business in addition to our work at home

during this pandemic time.
● Wearing a mask and social distancing are essential ways to prevent us
from acquiring covid 19 diseases similarly washing hands and using
alcohol.

4. To signal results are words like therefore, hence, thus, consequently that
summarizes the points or issues of discussion.

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 ● Life is short therefore we have to value and take good care of it.
● Our present Mayor has been very diligent in accomplishing his duties
thus making him one of the best leaders.

5. To signal examples are words like, for instance, for example, in other words,
in fact, specifically, in particularly. They show that a writer will provide one or
more examples to develop and clarify a given idea. They tell us that the second
idea is an example of the first.

● We have to be sure that the foods we bought from groceries are clean,
in other words, we have to wash them before placing on a storage.
● It’s good that we take vitamins to prevent from acquiring flue
particularly vitamin C.

6. To signal emphasis are words like even, actually, as a matter of fact, in fact,
certainly, indeed, undoubtedly, surely which the writer tells directly that a
particular idea or detail is especially important. The author is using to make
sure you pay attention to an idea.

● Teachers are working hard doing their task as a matter of fact, they
even sleep late at night as they reach out to their students.
● The government of Pasig City is so determined to defeat the covid 19
pandemic, undoubtedly Pasigueňos are pleased about it.

6. Guided Practice

Identify the kind of grammatical signals or expressions being described in the

following sentences. Choose your answer from the box below.

Emphasis Time and Listing and

sequence adding
Contrast Examples

____________ 1. Charmaine loves to eat healthy foods, specifically fruits and

vegetables.

____________ 2. Due to Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine Clarisa

has a new scooter for her transportation for work and she also bought a
helmet.

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____________ 3. Brianna wanted to be physically fit during this pandemic time,
actually she even enrolled in a ballet class.

____________ 4. Star is not allowed to go out of the house because of pandemic

after all its for her own good.

____________ 5. Athena and Gian pray without ceasing and by faith, believe
that soon their prayers will be granted.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct grammatical signals or expressions. Choose
your answer from the box below.

furthermore
surely immediately

in other
therefore
words

1. When the pandemic corona virus 2019 raised in number in the Philippines
last March, ____________ the government imposed an enhanced community
quarantine (ECQ).
2. Increase of covid 19 cases had been reported in the country, ____________
a more strict social distancing has been implemented.
3. Tablets for home school learning will be delivered soon, ____________ the
student will be inspired to study even in this new normal situation.
4. Despite unfavorable working condition at this pandemic time, teachers
would like to do their best in accomplishing their task____________ they still
wanted to attend to various webinars to equip their teaching strategies.
5. God is our refuge and strength ____________ He is the only present help in
times of our needs.

Activity 2
Multiple Choice: Identify what type of grammatical signals or expressions
are listed below. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

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1. for instance, for example, in other words, in fact, specifically, in particularly
A. Emphasis C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results
2. even, actually, as a matter of fact, in fact, certainly, indeed, undoubtedly,
surely
A. Emphasis C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

3. in addition, also, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, again, further

A. Contrast C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

4. but, however, on the other hand, otherwise, yet, at the same time, after all,
in spite of, still, in contrast
A. Contrast C. Listing and adding
B. Emphasis D. Results

5. Then, later, finally, next, soon now, immediately, while, afterward, since,
thereafter, presently, at last
A. Contrast C. Results
B. Emphasis D. Time and sequence

Activity 3
Read the short story and answer the questions below.

The Story of The Carrot, The Egg, and The Coffee Bean

A young girl went to her grandmother and told her about her life and how
things were so hard for her. She did not know how she was going to make it and
wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed that, as one
problem was solved, a new one arose. Her grandmother took her to the kitchen.
She filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came
to a boil.
In the first, she placed carrots, in the second she placed eggs, and in the
last she placed ground coffee beans. She let them sit and boil, without saying a
word. In about twenty minutes, she turned off the burners. She fished the carrots
out and placed them in a bowl. She pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl.
Then she ladled the coffee out and placed it in a bowl.
Turning to her granddaughter, she asked, "Tell me, what do you see?"
"Carrots, eggs, and coffee," the young girl replied. The grandmother brought her
closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. She
then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed
the hard-boiled egg. Finally, she asked her to sip the coffee. The granddaughter
smiled as she tasted its rich aroma. The granddaughter then asked, "What does it
mean, grandmother?" Her grandmother explained that each of these objects
had faced the same adversity - boiling water - but each reacted differently. The

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 carrot went in strong, hard and unrelenting. However, after being subjected to the
boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer
shell had protected its liquid interior. But, after sitting through the boiling water,
its inside became hardened! The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After
they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.
"Which are you?" the grandmother asked her granddaughter. "When
adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg, or
a coffee bean?" Think of this: Which am I? Am I the carrot that seems strong but,
with pain and adversity, do I wilt and become soft and lose my strength? Am I the
egg that starts with a malleable heart, but changes with the heat? Did I have a
fluid spirit but, after a death, a breakup, or a financial hardship, does my shell
look the same, but on the inside am I bitter and tough with a stiff spirit and a
hardened heart? Or am I like the coffee bean? The bean actually changes the hot
water, the very circumstance that brings the pain. When the water gets hot, it
releases the fragrance and flavor. If you are like the bean, when things are at their
worst, do you get better and change the situation around you. When the hours are
the darkest and trials are their greatest, do you elevate to another level?

Reference: http://96bda424cfcc34d9dd1a-
0a7f10f87519dba22d2dbc6233a731e5.r41.cf2.rackcdn.com/geetavora/geeta-
vora/The_Story_of_The_Carrot_The_Egg_and_The_Coffee_Bean_(without_example
s).pdf

A. Write down all grammatical signals or expressions that you can find in the
short story.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. How do you handle adversities in this pandemic time? Are you a carrot, an
egg or a coffee bean? Answer the question by writing a short paragraph. Use
grammatical signals or expressions in your answer.

WRAP-UP

Grammatical signals or expressions are an excellent tool that can help

both writer and reader map out relationships in writing.

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Types of Grammatical Signals or Expression

Time and
Sequence

Emphasis Contrast

Grammatical
signals or
Expressions

Listing and
Examples Adding

Results

VALUING

Many times, we are bothered by the things that are happening around
us. We can find people who feel stress because of the situation they are facing.
It only takes a few words to encourage or discourage someone.
How are you going to build others up? Make use of this verse as your
guide in answering the question.

"Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own
understanding. In all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make
straight your paths."

Proverbs 3: 5-6

Explain your answer using grammatical signals or expressions. Use the

different talents God gave you in responding the question.
For the singers compose a song, for the actors create a short play, for the
writers, write a short poem.

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 POSTTEST

Multiple Choice: Identify the grammatical signals or expressions being

described in the following sentences. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The writer tells directly that a particular idea or detail is especially

important.
A. Emphasis C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

2. Words show that a writer will provide one or more examples to develop and
clarify a given idea. They tell us that the second idea is an example of the first.
A. Emphasis C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

3. Summarizes the points or issues of discussion

A. Emphasis C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

4. Tells that the writer’s thought is going to continue in the same direction.
A. Contrast C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

5. But, however, on the other hand, otherwise, yet, at the same time, after all,
in spite of, still, in contrast are examples of __________
A. Contrast C. Listing and adding
B. Examples D. Results

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 KEY TO CORRECTION

References
Michaela Navarro. Copyright 2015. Eloquence Grade 8. 1624-1626 Espaňa
Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc.

https://www.meetingstoday.com/magazines/article-
details/articleid/34256/title/inspiring-stories-during-coronavirus-crisis

2020.
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2020. Iue.Edu.
https://www.iue.edu/hss/writingcenter/documents/Transitions-
UnderstandingSignalWords.pdf.

"What Is A Paragraph - Google Search". 2020. Google.Com.

https://www.google.com/search?ei=KkE1X_alGsX7-
QbzpIOYDw&q=what+is+a+paragraph&oq=what+is+a+paragraph&gs_lcp=Cg
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0A7f10f87519dba22d2dbc6233a731e5.R41.Cf2.Rackcdn.Com.
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mples).pdf.

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