LEVEL SORULARI (271)

Your observations during flight may be a valuable source of information for ATC and other
pilots.

Please give three examples of information you may want to report to ATC or other
pilots for safety related reasons? (20 sec)
Three examples of information that I may want to report ATC are;
● windshear,
● turbulence
● bird activity.
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Emergency procedures
If you are the commander of an aircraft and you find yourself in real difficulty, do not lose any
time, it is important to request assistance immediately.
Even during an emergency your first priority must be to fly the aircraft.
Your second priority is to navigate the aircraft. This means that aircraft headed in a suitable
direction, at a safe altitude.
Your third priority is to communicate.

How would you prioritise your tasks in an emergency situation based on the
information you have just received? (20 sec)
During an emergency, first of all I should fly the aircraft, and then continue to navigate, and
finally communicate with the ATC.
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The Distress Message or Mayday Call

Mayday is the Anglicized spelling of the French phrase "m'aidez!" which means "Help me!"
The distress message is the absolute top priority call. It has priority over all others, and the
word Mayday should force everyone else into immediate radio silence.

Please give three examples of situations that would justify making a Mayday call?
Three examples of mayday calls are; engine fire, structural damage and pilot incapacitation.
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The Urgency Message or Pan-Pan Call

The urgency or Pan-Pan message is made when an emergency exists that does not require
immediate assistance.
It is used to transmit a very urgent message concerning the safety of an aircraft - your own
aircraft or another or a person on board or in sight.
The urgency or Pan-Pan takes priority over all other calls except a Mayday call.

Please give three examples of situations that would justify making a Pan-Pan call?
Three examples of pan pan calls are; bird strike, hydraulic failure and gear problems.
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Radio Faillure Or Human Error
With modern equipment, actual radio failure is a rare event. However, loss of
communications or failure to establish communications still exists from time to time, usually
due to some human errors.

Once the human error is rectified, what you thought was a radio failure turns out to have only
been a temporary loss of communications. Everything can then proceed normally.
For example, the ground station being called is off the air because the call is made outside
the hours of service of that station. The human error in this case is the pilot failure to consult
the relevant AIP section.

Please give two other examples of situations which may lead to the loss of
communication due to human error?
The examples of the loss of communication are; low volume and wrong frequency.
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Radio failure procedures
The Wright brothers never thought to install a radio in their first airplane, yet it still flew. Radio
is simply a modern aid to flying, that we make great use of, to improve the safety and
efficiency of flight.
Whether the radio is working or not does not affect the flying characteristics of the aircraft. If
the radio fails and you lose communications, it does not mean that the aircraft stops flying.
You should continue to fly the aircraft accurately, navigate safely (that is head in a suitable
direction at a safe altitude), and then try to restore communications. If that is not possible,
then follow reasonable radio failure procedures according to good airmanship and your best
judgment.

How would you prioritize your tasks in a radio failure situation based on the
information you have just received? (20 sec)
I should fly the aircraft, and then continue to navigate the aircraft, and finally communicate
with ATC. If It isn't possible to apply, I have to follow the radio failure procedures.
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Please explain what "ROGER" means and what "WILCO"means? (20 sec)
On the screen: ROGER and WILCO
ROGER means that I have received all of your last transmission.
WILCO means that I understand your message and will comply with it.
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Please explain what "AFFIRM" means and what "CONFIRM" means? (20 sec)
On the screen: AFFIRM and CONFIRM
AFFIRM is an answer word for a question. It means positive.
CONFIRM is a question word. If you have some information but you are in doubt or you are
not sure about its certainty.
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Please explain what "INCIDENT" means and what "ACCIDENT" means? (20 sec)
On the screen: INCIDENT and ACCIDENT
INCIDENT is described by an occurrence
other than an accident,
associated with the operation of the aircraft
which affect the safety of operation.

ACCIDENT is described by an occurrence,

if a person is seriously injured as a result of; being in the aircraft,
direct contact with any part of the aircraft or
direct expose to jet blast of the aircraft.
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Give minimum of two medical mayday situation with symptoms ( or urgency call) for
both cabin and flight crew to divert? Give two medical Mayday Call? (20 sec)
-First example is heart attack and its symptoms are chest pain and numb feel on the left arm.
-The second is severe allergic reaction and its symptoms are difficult breathing and loss of
consciousness.

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY ATC AB12, the captain is incapacitated probably heart attack.
Request radar vector to ILS final course for emergency landing, and request paramedic and
the ambulance on arrival.

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY ATC AB12, we have a sick cabin crew on board probably high
tension problem. Request radar vector to ILS final course for emergency landing, and
request paramedic and the ambulance on arrival.
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Atlantik okyanusu üzerinde uçuyorsunuz, bir yolcu hastalandı (seriously ill) Kabin
amiri (Puser) olayın ne olduğunu anlamadı. Sana geldi ve olayı söyledi. Geri kalan
usulleri normal olarak ne yaparsınız, anlatın ve ATC’ye nasıl çağrı yaparsın? (30 sec)
I would make an announcement for doctor on board. If there is a doctor on board, he makes
the necessary initial treatment.

If there isn't any doctor on board or the patient needs immediate medical care, I should report
the situation to the ATC and divert to nearest suitable airport and request medical assistance
after landing.

PAN PAN PAN ATC, AB12. We have a seriously ill passenger on board. Request divert to
nearest suitable airport and request medical assistance after landing.

Durumu anlatan yolcu anonsunu yapınız(30 sec)

Ladies and gentlemen. This is the captain speaking. Due to a seriously ill passenger, we
have to divert to nearest suitable airport. Thank you for your understanding.
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KALP KRİZİ ve ŞİDDETLİ ALEJİK REAKSİYON haricinde 2 tane divert gerektiren
medical emercensi semptomları ile söyleyin.
First example is to be poisened, the symptom is sickness,
Second example is epilepsy, the symptom is severely shaking.
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During a taxi you were informed that one of your passengers is missing but his
baggage is still on board. You have to turn back to gate and you will have a delay
because of this situation. Make an announcement to passengers? Or what would be a
sample announcement about a missing passenger just before entering the runway?
(30 sec)
Ladies and gentlemen. This is the captain speaking. Due to a missing passenger, we have to
go back to the gate and offload that passenger's baggage. Thank you for your understanding.
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Bir meydanda wind shear var, bu durumda neler yaparsınız? (30 sec)
If I hear a something about windshear on the radio;
I would ask to the ATC if is any reported windshear around the airport especially takeoff and
landing path.
I would ask a different runway if there is any in the airport.
If there is no alternative runway I would delay my departure until passed the wind shear.
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Which fire extinguisher not only it use on the ground but also use in the air? (30 sec)
There are four types of fire extinguishers as HALON, CO2, DRY POWDER and WATER
In the cockpit, there is halon fire extinguisher and it can be generally used for electrical fires.
In the cabin, there are water and halon fire extinguishers. On the ground, we can easily use
portable ones around parking gates and stands.
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???

Yangın kategorileri nelerdir? (30 sec)

There are four types of fire categories.ABCD

A type fire which is caused by inflammable and simple materials such as paper, fabric, wood;
Water extinguisher is used.
B type fire which is caused by flammab leliquid and chemical substances. Halon or BCF type
fire extinguisher is used.
C type fire which is caused by electrical devices or electrical wires. Halon or BCF type fire
extinguisher is used.
D Type fire which is caused by combustible metals.Dry powder fire extinguisher is used
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Özelliklerini bildiğiniz bir meydanı anlatın? (60 sec)
I will describe the Atatürk Airport which has three runways. Two of them are aligned north;
and one of them is aligned north east.
The parking positions are arranged for both the international and domestic terminals.
There is also a military parking area
There are several Navaids for Approach and Landing.
These are ILS, VOR, NDB and TACAN
There is also surveillance radar controlling the area.
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İyi bildiğiniz bir havaalanın yolcular ve crewe sağladığı avantajlar ve olanaklar
nelerdir? (30 sec)
If the airport is familiar for the passengers and crew, the standard procedures will be much
easier to complete.
It will take a shorter time to prepare for the next flight.
Nobody and no luggage will be lost during the transfer.
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Exterior check (harici kontrol) yaparken hangi arızalarda uçağı almazsınız? (30 sec)
Harici kontrol yaparken NO-GO itemlar nelerdir?
When completing an exterior check of an aircraft if I see;
0. Structural damage
1. Fluid leakage
2. Worn tires.
I would not accept the aircraft for flight.
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Uçak başına geldin ve uçakta arıza var ne yaparsın? (30 sec)

Uçağın NO-GO olduğunu öğrendiniz, nasıl davranırsınız ve ne yaparsınız?

If I encounter with a malfunction on the ramp;

I would consult Operational Manual “Minumum Equipment List Section”.
If there is no restriction with the failed equipment, we can continue our operation normally.
Otherwise, the flight shall be delayed until the failure is fixed.
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How do you conduct preflight inspections? (Kokpitti uçuşa nasıl hazırlasın?) (30 sec)
During the preflight inspection;
I consult my check-list and use it with read and do method.
At the end of the every section I declare finished sections name.
Finally I am ready for starting engines.
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Uçuştan önce bir arıza olursa nasıl hareket edersin? (30 sec)

If I encounter a malfunction before takeoff position;

I would consult the Operational Manual “Emergency Procedures”
If the malfunction suggests that the flight should be aborted.
I would inform the ATC and request return to the ramp.
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Yaşayabileceğin bir arıza söyle neler olabilir veya kalkıştan sonra olan bir arızayı anlat,
ne yaparsın? (After take-off any failed please describe what action is?) (30 sec)

If I have an engine failure after take-off;

First of all I should fly the aircraft,
And then continue to navigate,
And finally communicate with the ATC about our intention.
After completing required checklists,
I would return to departure airport as soon as possible for not to take any risk.
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Yangın uçuşta olursa ne yaparsın, yerde olursa ne yaparsın? Kokpitte veya kabinde
çıkan yangını nasıl söndürürsünüz, anlatın? (30 sec)
If a fire in flight is encountered;
First of all we should put on masks and goggles to prevent smoke inhalation
And then follow the appropriate checklists.
Then emergency shall be reported to the ATC and request to divert to the nearest suitable
airport.

If a fire on ground encountered;

After completing all emergency procedures,
I should use appropriate type of extinguisher for fire
And evacuate the aircraft.
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Uçuşta yanan bir gemi görüyorsun, bulunduğun frekanstan bu durumu ilgili radar
anlat? (20 SEC)
PANPAN PANPAN PANPAN, ATC AB12, Over Biga, Flight Level two zero zero, a ship below
us on the sea has major fire and thick smoke layer covers the air.
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Hava taşımacılığında teknolojik gelişmelerin ne gibi faydaları olmuştur? (Future of the
aviation) (80 sec)
The advantages of computerized command and navigation systems are;
1. The data link system prevents unnecessary radio communication.
2. Development of the aircraft engine technology reduces the amount of fuel used
3. Development of the technology increases the comfort of the passengers on board.
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Dağlık arazideki çukur pozisyonda bir meydanın ne gibi zorlukları vardır? (High terrain
area) (80 sec)
There could be some hazards associated with a runway that is surrounded with high
obstacles such as mountains and high buildings. These hazards are;
0. Mountains may cause wind shear, severe turbulence, CB cloud etc.
1. Due to high climb gradient requirement, It may not be possible to execute
engine-out SID
2. During landing, the aircraft need higher glide slope that may cause long
stop distance.
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Describe the word fatigue? (30 sec)
The fatigue is a state of physical and/or mental weakness and this is important for flight
safety.
If somebody has a fatigue position he has to cancel flight and rest for a while.
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Your aircraft is on short final for Runway 09. You have been given landing clearance,
when you see an aircraft which has just landed and that has not vacated the runway in
use. What action do you take? (30 sec)
I would notify tower about the aircraft which hasn’t vacated runway yet.
At minimums if it is still on the runway I would execute missed approach procedures
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When do you declare low fuel emergency?

I declare a low fuel emergency when the fuel at landing is below minimum fuel.
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Describe some of the possible actions which ATC may take when an airline passenger
aircraft declares a low fuel emergency? (30 sec)

ATC can give landing priority and radar vectors

ATC can also support a safe landing by clearing the landing area,
During landing phase, there should be emergency services.
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Concorde uçağının sizi etkileyen iki yönü nedir?

Its speed which can reach to 2 mach as an airline aircraft.

Also its design like a millitary jet fighter.
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Missed aproach uygulamamiz gereken 3 sebep söyle?
● In case of un-stabilized approach
● In case of runway incursion
● By the atc instruction
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Başınızdan geçen bir go around’u anlatınız.

We were the first traffic of Balıkesir airport early in the morning and it was only half an hour
after sunrise. On the final we were cleared to land and everything was ok until a flock of birds
flew from threshold. We immediately executed go around and continued to downwind leg.
Meanwhile we instructed the ATC about situation and they cleared the landing are from birds.
At the second attempt we successfully landed without any problem.
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Resim: Burun tekeri yanında teknisyen ne yapıyor (burun tekerinin hemen yanında
ayakta dururken tekere doğru bakan bakım personeli)
In this picture I see a maintenance guy who is checking the tires. And he is trying to find if
there is any flaw on the tire.
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Harici kontrol esnasındaki bulguların Safety açısından önemi nedir?
If I detect any problem during exterior inspection, it may cause to big incidents or accidents.
For example leaking fuel may cause a fire while starting engines.
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Worn out lastik hangi olaylara neden olabilir?

A worn out tire may cause a tire burst which may cause a serious accident.
A blown tire during a takeoff or landing roll may cause a fire of landing gear strut
And a worn out tire reduces the margin of hydroplaning speed.
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Gece uçuşundan once iniş lambaları konusunda paragraf anlatılıyor. Takiben iniş
lambasının arızalı olup olmadığını nasıl kontrol edersiniz diye soruluyor. - uçağın
landing,turn off ve taxi lightları yanmıyor defterde de herhangi bir kayıt yok.gece
uçuşuna gitmeden önce lambaların çalışıp çalışmadığını nasıl kontrol edersin?

First of all, during an exterior inspection we should check the landing lights physical
condition.
After starting engine, we test to landing lights with the technician via switching on-off
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Cruiseda yaşayabileceğin bir arıza, naparsın?

During an emergency at cruise;

First of all I should fly the aircraft,
And then continue to navigate,
Afterwards I should do the required checklist.
According to result, if the problem continues I should inform ATC about our malfunction and
intention.
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Kontrol uçuşu öncesi ne yapıyorsunuz?

My preparations start one day before of the flight.

First of all, like every flight, I must sleep very well.
This is very important for flight safety and situational awareness.
Check flight day, I do my regular checks; like notams, weather conditions, take off and
landing data.
I make a comprehensive briefing with examiner pilot.
In the briefing we talk about; detail of the mission, mission objectives, detailed weather,
required fuel, normal and abnormal procedures and then make sure all check flight
procedures are completed.
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Explain the facilities of the air-side and land-side of an airport ?

Land-side facilities are; check in and ticketing desks, departure lounges, executive lounges
airport shopping, restaurants, bars, cafes and cash machines. This area is accesible to the
general public,

Air-side is the area beyond security and passport control. Air-side includes runways,taxiways,
aprons and air bridges for passengers.
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Pilotların çoğunun başka bir trafik tarafından bloke edilmiş bir pist varken, ATC iniş
müsadesini henüz vermemişse go around kararı almayıp, yaklaşma ve inişi zorlama
konusunda ısrarcı olmalarının sebepleri neler olabilir?

It is possible that they might have a fuel problem if they go around. Or there might be a
collision hazard with the departing aircraft.
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VORTEX’i açıkladıktan sonra 3 soru soruyor.

Wake turbulence is turbulence that forms behind an aircraft that it passes through the air.
This turbulence includes various components, the most important of which are wingtip
vortices and jet wash. Jet wash refers simply to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet
engine and wingtip vortices occur when a wing is generating lift.

1. Have you ever experienced vortex? Please tell.

While approaching 5NM behind Boeing aircraft for landing Atatürk Airport; we were shacked
suddenly due to the wake turbulence of the landed Boeing. We initiated go around at 100
feet, after safe altitude we informed the tower about presence of wake turbulence.

2. What can you do to prevent vortex / vortex effects?

We should apply the time separation limitations for take-off and landing behind the aircrafts.
We should avoid flight below and behind larger aircraft's flight paths.
During cruise, we should make vertical or lateral separation from the proceeding aircraft.

3. Vortex’ten ne anlıyorsunuz?
Differential pressures over the wing surfaces create a vortex on wing tips.
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LEVEL BUST’ı açıkladıktan sonra 2 soru soruyor.

Level Bust is defined by EUROCONTROL as any unauthorized vertical deviation of more

than 300 feet from an ATC flight clearance. Within RVSM airspace this limit is reduced to 200
feet. A Level Bust or Altitude Deviation is a potentially serious aviation hazard and occurs
when an aircraft fails to fly at the level to which it has been cleared, regardless of whether
actual loss of separation from other aircraft or the ground results. A Level Bust can result in
Loss of Separation between aircraft or between an aircraft and the terrain or a ground
obstruction such as a mast.

Factors which contribute to the risk of a level bust:

a. Not listening out ATC instructions carefully.
b. Heavy pilot work-load.
c. Interruptions/distractions in the cockpit,
d. Heavy work-load of ATC.
e. Wrong altimeter setting.
f. Loss of SA

What is level bust?

A level bust, also known as an altitude deviation, occurs when an aircraft fails to fly at the
level for which it has been cleared.

What is the level bust limit in RVSM area?

Within RVSM airspace this limit is reduced to 200 feet.

Please state 3 ways to prevent level bust?

1. We should listen to the radio carefully and read back all of the mandatory read-back items
given by the ATC. If WE HAVE in doubt we have to request for acknowledgement.
2. We should use standard aviation terminology. Simple English and speak slowly
3. We should set the altimeter correctly.
4. We should reduce high cockpit workload
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2 motor volcanic ash'den durdu. Ne yaparsın anlat. Mayday ikazı yap:
Firstly I would try to maintain the aircraft control while trying to exit the ash cloud as quickly
as possible. I perform appropriate procedures to restart the engines. I plan to divert to the
nearest airport. Meanwhile I make a Mayday Call.

My call would be as follows:

“MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, ATC, ABC123, we lost all engines due to volcanic ash.
Request radar vector to the nearest airdrome and be alert all the emergency services.
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What are the differences between simulator and real flight?
Simulator training is cheaper than aircraft training.
Simulators give lots of opportunities for the pilots without taking any risks.
Pilots practice on simulators not only normal procedures but also abnormal and emergency
procedures without any limitations.
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You had an un-stabilized approach.

1. What could happen after landing? (if you have landed successfully)
If we continue to land from an un-stabilized approach, it may result an aircraft damage on
touch-down. We can expect a tail strike, a long flare, a tire burst and a possible runway
excursion.

2. What is the reason of unstable Approach?

High speed,
Approaching below or above the G/S,
Late landing configuration,
Weather conditions,

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Description :
Loss of control in flight has been one of the most significant causes of fatal aircraft accidents
for many years. Loss of control usually occurs because the aircraft enters a flight regime
which is outside its normal envelope, usually, but not always at a high rate, thereby
introducing an element of surprise for the flight crew involved.

Loss of control. Uçakta loss of control ne gibi durumlarda olabilir?

Loss of control may be caused by;
Loss of situation awareness
Loss of power
Low level windshear
Seriously structural damage
Out off the maneuvering capabilities
Crew incapacitation
Aircraft Load
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Tek ana dikme içerde hareket tarzı ve emc deklere et.

 I notify ATC and request low pass and visual inspection.
If ATC confirms that one of the gears is stuck retracted I try to extend it manually by
performing proper procedures according to checklist.
If it is okay by green lights then I proceed to landing.
If it is still stuck despite all attempts then I retract all undercarriages and carry out a
belly landing.
I set 7700 on transponder.
“Mayday, mayday,mayday. ATC, AB23 on long final left main landing gear is stuck
retracted. Request low pass and visual inspection.
Be advised I may carry out a belly landing, alert fire, rescue and medical services.”
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Karişik bir holding talimati var:

AB12 is clear for one turn in holding at FL200. Expected approach time will be ….. we will
report decending.

gibi birşeyler.
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Son soru bu gibi bir olay yasadiniz mi yasadiysaniz anlatin yoksa olusabilecek bu gibi
bir duruma ornek verin diyor.
When we were approaching to Anadolu with student pilot,given instruction rwy in use 27, but
I understood RWY in use 09, because of the approaching ILS traffic RWY 09. Student pilot
read back RWY 27. I said student pilot RWY ın use 09. And then we request
acknowledgment from ATC. After acknowledgment we executed the approach to RWY 27. If I
insisted for RWY 09 and approached that direction we could encounter midair collision.
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