MODULE 3

INVESTIGATION OF DEATH CRIMES

Investigation of Violent Death

- Establishing of motive and intent

- Record the dying declaration (ante mortem statement)
- Recovering of physical evidence

Dying Declaration

- It is the statement of the person who is a victim if violent crime and is in impending death; such statement can
be used as testimonial evidence.

Instances in Which Investigator May Take Ante Mortem Statement

- If the victim appears to be wounded and the incurred injury is fatal

- If the victim believes he cannot survive the wound he incurred
- If the victim is willing to execute dying declaration

Measures In Taking Ante Mortem Statement

- Ask the victim of his name and basic personal circumstances

- Ask the victim if he can still survive
- If he said “no” ask if he willing to execute a dying declaration
- If the victim said “Yes” ask if he recognized the person who attacked him (ask him to state the name)
- Ask the victim how the crime happened, include the date, time, place of occurrence thereafter.
- Let the victim sign the paper with two witnesses to affixing their signature to attest the statement made before
them

Problem Encountered By Investigator

- When the body is moved

- When the body is embalmed
- When the body is buried or cremated

Procedure upon Arrival at the Scene

- Record the time of arrival at the scene including the weather condition
- Identify yourself and keep possible witness for questioning
- If the suspect is present, arrest him/her immediately
- Secure the crime scene
- Prevent anyone from entering the scene except authorized personnel

Crime Scene Examination

- Record the weather condition at the time the crime was discovered and actual time of officers' arrival
- Observe and record the position of the body

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 - Examine the clothing of the victim, note appearance, type and signs of ripping
- Record traces in the body and clothing
- Take photographs of crime scene and evidence
- Prepare rough sketch
- Examine the door and windows; look for signs of forcible entry
- Look for possible weapons that may be used and tools, including marks left by those instruments
- Search for prints, tool trace and marks, and other associative and physical evidence
- Determine if those traces are from victim or other persons, expect staging at all times
- Search the surrounding terrain of the site where the body was discovered; examine and record vegetation, soil
condition and footprints if any
- Determine the movements of perpetrator and victim
- Perform analysis of occurrence
- Record and preserve evidence

HOMICIDE CHECKLIST

1. 1-9 on burglary checklist

2. Hair standard
3. Fingernail scrapings
4. Blood standards
5. Blood sample (scene)
6. Close-up photos of wounds
7. Clothing of victim
8. Clothing of suspect
9. Other evidence relative to crime
10. Weapons
11. Major case prints
12. Identification photos
13. Attend autopsy/collect evidence

Follow up investigation

- It is the gathering of information by investigator in order to supplement prior collected facts to establish proof
and evidence against the perpetrator

Activities in follow up investigation

- Acquiring results from crime laboratory and cybercrime division

- Following leads discovered from existing information
- Meeting informants and witnesses
- Checking records from regular sources
- Background investigation of victims and suspects
- Gathering supplemental evidence
- Tracing of fugitives to possible whereabouts

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 Module 3

THREE GENERATIONS AND COMPONENTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

A. THREE GENERATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. First-generation civil and political rights - These are "liberty-orientated" and

include the rights to life, liberty and security of the individual; freedom from
torture and slavery; political participation; freedom of opinion, expression,
thought, conscience and religion; freedom of association and assembly.

2. Second-generation economic, social and cultural rights- These are "security-

orientated" rights, for example the rights to work; education; a reasonable
standard of living; food; shelter and health care.

3. Third-generation solidarity rights- These include the rights to live in an

environment that is clean and protected from destruction, and rights to cultural,
political and economic development, rights to self-determination, etc.

A. COMPONENTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Subject or a Right-Holder- those that are entitled to rights under the law and
can take legal action to protect or to promote his/her rights.

2. Duty Holder- entity obliged to respect, ensure and protect subject’s rights.

3. Object- content of any right and any duty of the holder of the right and the
holder of the obligation.

4. Implementation- set of measures, approaches, and initiatives designed to

realize the right concerned.

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