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281 <h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>Tutorials</b></h2>
282 </div>
283 <div class="w3-col l3 m6">
284 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">HTML and CSS</h3>
285 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/default.asp">Learn HTML</a>
286 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/default.asp">Learn CSS</a>
287 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_rwd_intro.asp" title="Responsive Web Design">Learn RWD</a>
288 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp">Learn Bootstrap</a>
289 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/default.asp">Learn W3.CSS</a>
290 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/colors/default.asp">Learn Colors</a>
291 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/icons/default.asp">Learn Icons</a>
292 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/default.asp">Learn Graphics</a>
293 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/svg_intro.asp'>Learn SVG</a>
294 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/canvas_intro.asp'>Learn Canvas</a>
295 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/howto/default.asp">Learn How To</a>
296 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sass/default.php">Learn Sass</a>
297 <div class="w3-hide-large w3-hide-small">
298 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Data Analytics</h3>
299 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/ai/default.asp">Learn AI</a>
300 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp">Learn Machine Learning</a>
301 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/datascience/default.asp">Learn Data Science</a>
302 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/default.asp">Learn NumPy</a>
303 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/default.asp">Learn Pandas</a>
304 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/index.php">Learn SciPy</a>
305 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/matplotlib_intro.asp">Learn Matplotlib</a>
306 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/statistics/index.php">Learn Statistics</a>
307 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/index.php">Learn Excel</a>
308
309 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML Tutorials</h3>
310 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/default.asp">Learn XML</a>
311 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/ajax_intro.asp'>Learn XML AJAX</a>
312 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_intro.asp">Learn XML DOM</a>
313 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xml_dtd_intro.asp'>Learn XML DTD</a>
314 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/schema_intro.asp'>Learn XML Schema</a>
315 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_intro.asp">Learn XSLT</a>
316 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xpath_intro.asp'>Learn XPath</a>
317 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xquery_intro.asp'>Learn XQuery</a>
318 </div>
319 </div>
321 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">JavaScript</h3>
322 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/default.asp">Learn JavaScript</a>
323 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/default.asp">Learn jQuery</a>
324 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/react/default.asp">Learn React</a>
325 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/angular/default.asp">Learn AngularJS</a>
326 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_json_intro.asp">Learn JSON</a>
327 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_ajax_intro.asp">Learn AJAX</a>
328 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/appml/default.asp">Learn AppML</a>
329 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3js/default.asp">Learn W3.JS</a>
330
331 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Programming</h3>
332 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/default.asp">Learn Python</a>
333 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/default.asp">Learn Java</a>
334 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/c/index.php">Learn C</a>
335 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/default.asp">Learn C++</a>
336 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/index.php">Learn C#</a>
337 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/default.asp">Learn R</a>
338 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/index.php">Learn Kotlin</a>
339 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/go/index.php">Learn Go</a>
340 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/django/index.php">Learn Django</a>
341 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/typescript/index.php">Learn TypeScript</a>
342 </div>
344 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Server Side</h3>
345 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/default.asp">Learn SQL</a>
346 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/default.asp">Learn MySQL</a>
347 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/default.asp">Learn PHP</a>
348 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/asp/default.asp'>Learn ASP</a>
349 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/nodejs/default.asp'>Learn Node.js</a>
350 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/nodejs/nodejs_raspberrypi.asp'>Learn Raspberry Pi</a>
351 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/git/default.asp'>Learn Git</a>
352 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/mongodb/index.php'>Learn MongoDB</a>
353 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/aws/index.php'>Learn AWS Cloud</a>
354
355 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Web Building</h3>
356 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/spaces/index.html" title="Get Your Own Website With W3shools Spaces">Create a Website <span class="ribbon-topn
357 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/where_to_start.asp">Where To Start</a>
358 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/w3css_templates.asp">Web Templates</a>
359 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/browsers/default.asp">Web Statistics</a>
360 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://campus.w3schools.com" target="_blank">Web Certificates</a>
361 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/whatis/default.asp">Web Development</a>
362 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tryit/default.asp'>Code Editor</a>
363 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/typingspeed/default.asp">Test Your Typing Speed</a>
364 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/codegame/index.html" target="_blank">Play a Code Game</a>
365 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cybersecurity/index.php">Cyber Security</a>
366 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/accessibility/index.php">Accessibility</a>
367 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://campus.w3schools.com/pages/newsletter" target="_blank">Join our Newsletter</a>
368 </div>
369 <div class="w3-col l3 m6 w3-hide-medium">
370 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Data Analytics</h3>
371 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/ai/default.asp">Learn AI</a>
372 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp">Learn Machine Learning</a>
373 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/datascience/default.asp">Learn Data Science</a>
374 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/default.asp">Learn NumPy</a>
375 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/default.asp">Learn Pandas</a>
376 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/index.php">Learn SciPy</a>
377 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/matplotlib_intro.asp">Learn Matplotlib</a>
378 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/statistics/index.php">Learn Statistics</a>
379 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/index.php">Learn Excel</a>
380 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/googlesheets/index.php">Learn Google Sheets</a>
381
382 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML Tutorials</h3>
383 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/default.asp">Learn XML</a>
384 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/ajax_intro.asp'>Learn XML AJAX</a>
385 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_intro.asp">Learn XML DOM</a>
386 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xml_dtd_intro.asp'>Learn XML DTD</a>
387 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/schema_intro.asp'>Learn XML Schema</a>
388 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_intro.asp">Learn XSLT</a>
389 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xpath_intro.asp'>Learn XPath</a>
390 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xquery_intro.asp'>Learn XQuery</a>
391 </div>
392 </div>
393 </div>
394 <br class="hidesm">
395 </nav>
396
397 <nav id="nav_references" class="w3-hide-small" style="position:absolute;padding-bottom:60px;">
399 <span onclick="w3_close_nav('references')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-display-topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-right:3
402 <h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>References</b></h2>
403 </div>
405 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">HTML</h3>
406 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/default.asp'>HTML Tag Reference</a>
407 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_html_browsersupport.asp'>HTML Browser Support</a>
408 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_eventattributes.asp'>HTML Event Reference</a>
409 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/colors/default.asp'>HTML Color Reference</a>
410 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_attributes.asp'>HTML Attribute Reference</a>
411 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_canvas.asp'>HTML Canvas Reference</a>
412 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/svg_reference.asp'>HTML SVG Reference</a>
413 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/google_maps_reference.asp'>Google Maps Reference</a>
414 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">CSS</h3>
415 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cssref/index.php'>CSS Reference</a>
416 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cssref/css3_browsersupport.asp'>CSS Browser Support</a>
417 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cssref/css_selectors.asp'>CSS Selector Reference</a>
418 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/bootstrap/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp'>Bootstrap 3 Reference</a>
419 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/bootstrap4/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp'>Bootstrap 4 Reference</a>
420 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/w3css/w3css_references.asp'>W3.CSS Reference</a>
421 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/icons/icons_reference.asp'>Icon Reference</a>
422 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/sass/sass_functions_string.php'>Sass Reference</a>
423 </div>
425 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">JavaScript</h3>
426 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jsref/default.asp'>JavaScript Reference</a>
427 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jsref/default.asp'>HTML DOM Reference</a>
428 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jquery/jquery_ref_overview.asp'>jQuery Reference</a>
429 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/angular/angular_ref_directives.asp'>AngularJS Reference</a>
430 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/appml/appml_reference.asp">AppML Reference</a>
431 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3js/w3js_references.asp">W3.JS Reference</a>
432
433 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Programming</h3>
434 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/python/python_reference.asp'>Python Reference</a>
435 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/java/java_ref_keywords.asp'>Java Reference</a>
436 </div>
438 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Server Side</h3>
439 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/sql/sql_ref_keywords.asp'>SQL Reference</a>
440 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/mysql/mysql_ref_functions.asp'>MySQL Reference</a>
441 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/php/php_ref_overview.asp'>PHP Reference</a>
442 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/asp/asp_ref_response.asp'>ASP Reference</a>
443 <h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML</h3>
444 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/dom_nodetype.asp'>XML DOM Reference</a>
445 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/dom_http.asp'>XML Http Reference</a>
446 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xsl_elementref.asp'>XSLT Reference</a>
447 <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/schema_elements_ref.asp'>XML Schema Reference</a>
448 </div>
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683 
900
901 
902 <div id="adngin-main_leaderboard-0"></div>
903 
904
905 </div>
906 <h1>JavaScript <span class="color_h1">Statements</span></h1>
907 <div class="w3-clear nextprev">
908 <a class="w3-left w3-btn" href="js_output.asp">❮ Previous</a>
909 <a class="w3-right w3-btn" href="js_syntax.asp">Next ❯</a>
910 </div>
911 <hr>
912 <div class="w3-example">
913 <h3>Example</h3>
914 <div class="w3-code notranslate jsHigh">
915 let x, y, z;    // Statement 1<br>
916 x = 5;          // Statement 2<br>
917 y = 6;          // Statement 3<br>
918 z = x + y;      // Statement 4<br>
919 </div>
920 <a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_statements" target="_blank">Try it Yourself »</a>
921 </div>
922
923 <hr>
924 <h2>JavaScript Programs</h2>
925 <p>A <strong>computer program</strong> is a list of "instructions" to be
926 "executed" by a computer.</p>
927 <p>In a programming language, these programming instructions are called <strong>statements</strong>.</p>
928 <p>A <strong>JavaScript program</strong> is a list of programming <strong>statements</strong>.</p>
929
930 <div class="w3-panel w3-note">
931 <p>In HTML, JavaScript programs are executed by the web browser.</p>
932 </div>
933
934 <hr>
935
936 <h2>JavaScript Statements</h2>
937 <p>JavaScript statements are composed of:</p>
938 <p>Values, Operators, Expressions, Keywords,
939 and Comments.</p>
940 <p>This statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly."
941 inside an HTML element with id="demo":</p>
945 document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello Dolly.";</div>
946 <a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_statement" target="_blank">Try it Yourself »</a>
947 </div>
948
949 <p>Most JavaScript
950 programs contain many JavaScript statements.</p>
951 <p>The statements are executed, one by one, in the
952 same order as they are written.</p>
953
955 <p>JavaScript programs (and JavaScript statements) are often called JavaScript code.
956 </p>
957 </div>
958
959 <hr>
960 <h2>Semicolons ;</h2>
961 <p>Semicolons separate JavaScript statements.</p>
962 <p>Add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement: </p>
964 <h3>Examples</h3>
966 let a, b, c; // Declare 3 variables<br>
967 a = 5;        // Assign the value 5 to a<br>
968 b = 6;        // Assign the
969 value 6 to b<br>
970 c = a + b;    // Assign the sum of a and b to c<br>
971 </div>
972 <a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_statements_semicolon1" target="_blank">Try it Yourself »</a>
973 </div>
974 <p>
975 When separated by semicolons, multiple statements on one line are allowed:</p>
978 a = 5; b = 6; c = a + b;
979 </div>
980 <a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_statements_semicolon2" target="_blank">Try it Yourself »</a>
981 </div>
982
984 <p>On the web, you might see examples without semicolons. <br>
985 Ending statements with semicolon is not required, but highly recommended.</p>
986 </div>
987
988 <hr>
989 <div id="midcontentadcontainer" style="overflow:auto;text-align:center">
990 
991 
992
993 <div id="adngin-mid_content-0"></div>
994
995 </div>
996 <hr>
997 <h2>JavaScript White Space</h2>
998 <p>JavaScript ignores multiple spaces. You can add white space to your script to make it more readable.</p>
999 <p>The following lines are equivalent:</p>
1000
1003 let person = "Hege";<br>
1004 let person="Hege";
1005 </div>
1006 </div>
1007 <p>A good practice is to put spaces around operators ( = + - * / ):</p>
1008
1011 let x = y + z;</div>
1012 </div>
1013 <hr>
1014
1015 <h2>JavaScript Line Length and Line Breaks</h2>
1016 <p>For best readability, programmers often like to avoid code lines longer than 80
1017 characters.</p>
1018 <p>If a JavaScript statement does not fit on one line, the best place to break
1019 it is after an operator:</p>
1023 document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =<br>"Hello Dolly!";</div>
1024 <a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_statements_linebreak" target="_blank">Try it Yourself »</a>
1025 </div>
1026 <hr>
1027
1028 <h2>JavaScript Code Blocks</h2>
1029 <p>JavaScript statements can be grouped together in code blocks, inside curly
1030 brackets {...}.</p>
1031 <p>The purpose of code blocks is to define statements to be executed together.</p>
1032 <p>One place you will find statements grouped together in blocks, is in
1033 JavaScript functions:</p>
1034
1038 function myFunction() {<br>
1039   document.getElementById("demo1").innerHTML = "Hello Dolly!";<br>
1040   document.getElementById("demo2").innerHTML = "How are you?";<br>
1041 }<br>
1042 </div>
1043 <a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_statements_blocks" target="_blank">Try it Yourself »</a>
1044 </div>
1045
1047 <p>In this tutorial we use 2 spaces of indentation for code blocks.<br>
1048 You will learn more about functions later in this tutorial.</p>
1049 </div>
1050
1051 <hr>
1052 <h2>JavaScript Keywords</h2>
1053 <p>JavaScript statements often start with a <strong>keyword</strong>
1054 to identify the JavaScript action to be performed.</p>
1055 <p>Our <a href="js_reserved.asp">Reserved Words Reference</a> lists all JavaScript keywords.</p>
1056 <p>Here is a list of some of the keywords you will learn about in
1057 this tutorial: </p>
1058 <table class="ws-table-all" style="width: 100%">
1059 <tr>
1060 <th style="height: 25px">Keyword</th>
1061 <th style="height: 25px">Description</th>
1062 </tr>
1063
1064 <tr>
1065 <td class="notranslate">var</td>
1066 <td>Declares a variable</td>
1067 </tr>
1068 <tr>
1069 <td class="notranslate">let</td>
1070 <td>Declares a block variable</td>
1071 </tr>
1072 <tr>
1073 <td class="notranslate">const</td>
1074 <td>Declares a block constant</td>
1075 </tr>
1076 <tr>
1077 <td class="notranslate">if</td>
1078 <td>Marks a block of statements to be executed on a condition</td>
1079 </tr>
1080 <tr>
1081 <td class="notranslate">switch</td>
1082 <td>Marks a block of statements to be executed in different cases</td>
1083 </tr>
1084 <tr>
1085 <td class="notranslate">for</td>
1086 <td>Marks a block of statements to be executed in a loop</td>
1087 </tr>
1088 <tr>
1089 <td class="notranslate">function</td>
1090 <td>Declares a function</td>
1091 </tr>
1092 <tr>
1093 <td class="notranslate">return</td>
1094 <td>Exits a function</td>
1095 </tr>
1096 <tr>
1097 <td class="notranslate">try</td>
1098 <td>Implements error handling to a block of statements</td>
1099 </tr>
1100 </table>
1101
1103 <p>JavaScript keywords are reserved words. Reserved words cannot be used as names for variables.</p>
1104 </div>
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1327 subjectLink = "https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/html-course";
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1339 subjectLink = "https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/css-course";
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1377 upshowcase120.srcset = "/images/img_backend_120_php.png";
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1448 lowshowcase120.srcset = "/images/img_backend_120_node.png";
1452 }
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1456 subjectText = "Pandas";
1457 subjectLink = "https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/pandas-course";
1459 upshowcase120.srcset = "/images/img_backend_120_pandas.png";
1464 lowshowcase120.srcset = "/images/img_backend_120_pandas.png";
1468 }
1469 addTryitSpaces("Python");
1470 break;
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1472 subjectText = "Python";
1473 subjectLink = "https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/python-course";
1475 upshowcase120.srcset = "/images/img_backend_120_python.png";
1480 lowshowcase120.srcset = "/images/img_backend_120_python.png";
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