Assessing growth opportunities to minimize strategic planning gap:

1. Intensive growth
2. Integrative growth-
 Vertical-backward (to reduce dependence on suppliers and create your own
factory to produce raw material; no more dependent on suppliers; backward
integration occurs when a company initiates a vertical integration by moving
backward in its industry's supply chain),
 Vertical- forward (to reduce dependence on middleman; sell product through
their own outlets),
 Horizontal (buy some small competitors dealing with same category of product
you are dealing with provided that there is no legal barrier from gov or such)
3. Diversification-
 Concentric- producing new product using existing tech attracting new/old group
of customers eg- fresh company producing cola
 Horizontal- producing new product not related to existing tech of old product
but may attract new/old customer eg- laptop bikreta laptop rakhar table o bikri
korche. Tech of making laptop ar table diff
 Conglomerate- new product, new tech, new target customer eg- square
company acquiring sun publication

SWOT ANALYSIS:

Internal- strength and weakness

External- opportunities and threat

Strategic formulation:

Porter’s generic strategies-

1. Overall cost leadership- producing product at lowest cost than competitors with features
that are-
 Lowest competitive price
 Accepted by many customer
 Standardized product
 Eg- Walmart, dell, walton
; how- utilize all your available resources; production cost min, offering at market min leads
to adv in the market
2. Differentiation- your product must have something extra with which you will be diff from
your competitors
 Non standardized product for customer who value diff feature than low cost
 Cont upgrade features
 Eg- lexus
3. Focus- don’t do all bus at a time; establish one bus at a time; focusing on a particular market;
market segmentation
 Focused cl seg- ikea
 Focused differentiation strategy eg- Maserati
Marketing alliances:

1. Product/service alliances- One company licences another to produce its product or two
companies jointly market their complementary products or a new product.
2. Promotional alliances- nije product produce korbo kintu arekta company sheta promote
korbe
3. Logistics alliances- nije produce korlam but arekta company distribute kore dilo
4. Pricing collaboration- ekta product company kinle arekta company product free eg-
phone ar sim er free roaming service