INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEKAYHAPOBHAR OPTAHMSALIMA TO CTAHAAPTHQALMM ISO system of limits and fits — Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits ‘Systéme ISO de tolérances et d'ajustements — Partie 1: Base des tolérances, écarts et ajustements 314 ISO 286-1 First edition 1988-09-15 Reference number ISO 286-1 1988 (E)Foreword 1SO (the international Organization for Standardization) is @ worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International ‘Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- ‘mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to ‘the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the [SO Council, They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. ‘This part of ISO 286 has been prepared by ISO/TC 3, Limits and fits, and, together with ISO 286-2, completes the revision of ISO/R 288, /SO system of limits and fits. 1SO/R 288 was first published in 1962 and subsequently confirmed in November 1964 it was based on ISA Bulletin 25 first published in 1940. ‘The major changes incorporated in this part of ISO 286 are as follows: 12) The presentation of the information has been modified so that ISO 286 can be Used directly in both the design office and the workshop. This has been achieved by separating the material dealing with the bases of the system, and the calculated values of standard tolerances and fundamental deviations, from the tables giving specific limits of the most commonly used tolerances and deviations. b)__The new symbols js and JS replace the former symbols jg and Js (i.e. sand S are no longer placed as subscripts) to factate the use ofthe symbols on equipment with limited character sets, e.g. computer graphics. The letters s” and "S" stand for “symmetrical deviation ) Standard tolerances and fundamental deviations have been included for basic sizes from 500 to 3 150mm as standard requirements (these were previously included on an experimental basis only). 4d) Two additional standard tolerance grades, IT17 and IT18, have been included. e) Standard tolerance grades ITO1 and ITO have been deleted from the main body Of this part of ISO 286, although information on these grades is given in annex A for users who may have a requirement for such grades. 4) Inch values have been deleted. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. © International Organization for Standerdizs ion, 1968 © Printed in SwitzerlandISO 286-1 : 1988 (E} Contents Page © Introduction .. 1 1. Scope 1 2 Field of application ......... oes 3 References 1 4 Terms and definitions ee 5 Symbols, designation and interpretation of tolerances, deviations and fits... vices 6 6 Graphical representation 9 7. Reference temperature 10 8 Standard tolerances for basic sizes up to3 160 mm......... - 10 ‘9 Fundamental deviations for basic sizes up t03 160 mm ......eeeceeveseee 10 10 Bibliography............ — «* ‘Annexes A Bases of the ISO system of mits and fits . 7 B Examples of the use of ISO 286-1 2B © Equivalent terms . 5 a : m4 316INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) ISO system of limits and fits — Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits 0 Introduction ‘The need for limits and fits for machined workpieces was brought about mainly by the inherent inaccuracy of manufac- ‘turing methods, coupled with the fact that “exactness” of size ‘was found to be unnecessary for most workpieces. In order that function could be satisfied, it was found sufficient to manufacture a given workpiece so that its size lay within two permissible limits, i.e. a tolerance, this being the variation in size acceptable in manufacture. Similarly, where @ specific fit condition is required between mating workpieces, it is necessary to ascribe an allowance, ‘ither positive or negative, to the basic size to achieve the re- ‘quired clearance or interference, i.e. a “deviation”. ‘With developments in industry and international trade, it became necessary to develop formal systems of limits and fits, firstly at the industrial level, then at the national level and later at the international level ‘This International Standard therefore gives the internationally ‘accepted system of limits and fits. Annexes A and B give the basic formulae and rules necessary {for establishing the system, and examples in the use of the standard are to be regarded as an integral part of the standard. ‘Annex C gives a list of equivalent terms used in ISO 286 and ‘ther International Standards on tolerances. 1 Scope ‘This part of ISO 286 gives the bases of the ISO system of limits ‘and fits together with the calculated values of the standard tolerances and fundamental deviations. These values shall be taken as authoritative for the application ofthe system (see also clause A.1).. This part of 1SO 286 also gives terms and definitions together with associated symbols. 1) At present under revision. 2. Field of application The ISO system of limits and fits provides a system of tolerances and deviations suitable for plain workpieces. For simplicity and also because of the importance of cylindrical ‘workpieces of circular section, only these are referred to ex- plcitly. It should be clearly understood, however, that the tolerances and deviations given in this Internétional Standard ‘equally apply to workpieces of other than circular section. In particular, the general term “hole” or “shaft” can be taken a8 referring to the space contained by (or containing) the two parallel faces (or tangent planes) of any workpiece, such as the width of a slot or the thickness of a key. ‘The-system also provides for fits between mating cylindrical features or fits between workpieces having features with paraliel faces, such 2s the fit between a key and keyway, etc. NOTE ~ It should be noted thatthe system isnot intended to provide fits for workpieces with features having other than simple geometric forms. For the purposes of this part of 1SO 286, a simple geometric form consists of a cylindrica surface area or two paral planes. 3 References NOTE — See also clause 10. 1801, Standard reference temperature for industrial length ‘measurements. 1S0 286-2, [SO system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts. 1SO/R 1938, 1SO system of mits and fits — Inspection of plain workpieces." 1S0 8018, Technical drawings — Fundamental tolerancing principle. 3171SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following ‘terms and definitions apply. It should be noted, however, that ‘some of the terms are defined in a more restricted sense than in common usage. 4.1 shaft: A term used, according to convention, to describe an extemal feature of a workpiece, including features ‘which are not cylindrical (see also clause 2). 4.1.1 basic shaft: Shaft chosen as a basis for a shaft-basis system of fits (see also 4.11.1). For the purposes of the ISO system of mits and fits, a shaft the ‘upper deviation of which is zero. 4.2. hole: A term used, according to convention, to describe {an internal feature of a workpiece, including features which are rot cylindrical (see also clause 2). 4.2.1 basic hole: Hole chosen as a basis for a hole-basis ‘system of fits (see also 4.11.2). For the purposes of the ISO system of limits and fits, a hole the lower deviation of which is zero. 4.3. size: A number expressing, in a particular unit, the ‘numerical value of a linear dimension. 4.3.1 basic size; nominal size: The size from which the limits of size are derived by the application of the upper and lower deviations (see figure 1) NOTE — The basic size can be a whole number ora decimal number, e.g. 22; 15; 8,75; 05; etc 43.2 actual size: The size of a featur measurement. obtained by 4.3.2.1 actual local size: Any individual distance at any cross-section of a feature, i.e. any size measured between any ‘two opposite points. 4.3.3 limits of size: The two extreme permissible sizes of a feature, between which the actual size should lie, the limits of size being included. 4.3.3.1 maximum limit of size: The greatest permissible size of a feature (see figure 1) 4.3.32 minimum limit of size: The smallest permissible size of a feature (see figure 1) 4.4 limit system: A system of standardized tolerances and deviations. 318 4.5 zero line: In a graphical representation of limits and fits, the straight line, representing the basic size, to which the devi- ations and tolerances are referred (see figure 1). ‘According to convention, the zero line is drawn horizontally, With positive deviations shown above and negative deviations MW (emeeaueny Zero tne 185). Basic size (4.3.1) Figure 1 — Basic size, and maximum and imits of size 4.6 deviation: The algebraic difference between a size {actual size, limit of size, etc.) and the corresponding basic size. NOTE — Symbols for shaft deviations are lower case letters (s, ei] and ‘symbols for hole deviations are upper case letters (ES, El) (see figure 2. 4.6.1. limit deviations: Upper deviation and lower deviation. 4.6.1.1 upper deviation (ES, es): The algebraic difference between the maximum limit of size and the corresponding basic size (see figure 2). 4.6.12 lower deviation (EI, ei): The algebraic difference between the minimum limit of size and the corresponding basic size (see figure 2). 46.2. fundamental deviation: For the purposes of the ISO system of limits and fits, that deviation which defines the Position of the tolerance zone in relation to the zero line (see figure 2). NOTE — This may be either the upper or lower deviation, but, accord {ng to convention, the fundamental deviation is the one nearest the 2200 line 4.7 size tolerance: The difference between the maximum limit of size and the minimum limit of size, ie. the difference between the upper deviation and the lower deviation NOTE — The tolerance is an absolute value without sign.Lower deviation (E, ef) (4.6.1.2) Zoro fine (4.5 4 3 8 (48.1.1) Figure 2 — Conventional representation of @ tolerance zone 4.7.1 standard tolerance (IT): For the purposes of the ISO system of limits and fits, any tolerance belonging to this system, NOTE — The letters of the symbol IT stand for “International Tolerance” grade. 47.2 standard tolerance grades: For the purposes of the 1SO system of limits and fits, a group of tolerances (e.g. 1771, considered as corresponding to the same level of accuracy for all basic sizes. 4.7.3 tolerance zone: In a graphical representation of tolerances, the zone, contained between two lines representing ‘the maximum and minimum limits of size, defined by the ‘magnitude of the tolerance and its position relative to the zero ‘ine (see figure 2). 4.7.4 tolerance class: The term used for a combination of fundamental deviation and a tolerance grade, e.g. h9, D13, etc 4.7.8 standard tolerance factor (i 1): For the purposes of the ISO system of limits and fits, a factor which is @ function of the basic size, and which is used as a basis for the deter nation of the standard tolerances of the system. NOTES 1 The standard tolerance factor ‘is applied to basic sizes less than or ‘equal to 600 mm. 2. The standard tolerance factor lis applied to basi sizes greater than 500 mm. 4.8 clearance: The positive difference between the sizes of the hole and the shaft, before assembly, when the diameter of the shaft is smaller than the diameter of the hole (see figure 3). 1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Clearance (4.8) Figure 3 — Clearance imum clearance: In a clearance fit, the positive difference between the minimum limit of size of the hole and the maximum limit of size of the shaft (see figure 4), 48.2 maximum clearance: In a clearance or transition fit, the positive difference between the maximum limit of size of the hole and the minimum limit of size of the shaft (see figures 4 and 5). 4.9 interference: The negative difference between the sizes, Of the hole and the shaft, before assembly, when the diameter of the shaft is larger than the diameter of the hole (see figure 6). 49.1 minimum interferonce: In an interference fit, the negative difference, ‘before. assembly, between the maximum imit of size of the hole 20 the minimum limit of size of the XS Minimum clesrance (4.8.1) Maximum clearance (48.2) Figure 4 — Clearance fit 3191SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Maximum oarence 482) Maximum intertronco 492) Figure § — Transition fit Intrforance (4.9) Figure 6 — Interference meximum interference: In an interference or tran- sition fit, the negative difference, before assembly, between the minimum limit of sizeof the hole and the maximum mit of size of the shatt (see figures 5 and 7). 4.10 fit: The relationship resulting from the difference, before assembly, between the sizes of the two features (the hole and the shaft) which are to be assembled. NOTE — The two mating parts of fit have a common basic size 320 Minimum —— interforence 49.) RSs) Figure 7 — Interference fit 4.10.1 clearance fit: A fit that always provides a clearance between the hole and shaft when assembled, i.e. the minimum size of the hole is either greater than or, in the extreme case, ‘equal to the maximum size of the shaft (see figure 8). Hole Hole Zeroline Figure 8 — Schematic representation of clearance fits 4.10.2. interference fit: A fit which everywhere provides an interference between the hole the maximum size of the holes either smaller than or, inthe ex- treme case, equal to the minimum size of the shaft (see figure 9). Shaft Shaft WW Zerotine Hoe Hole Figure 9 — Schematic representation of interference fits4.10.3. transition fit: A fit which may provide either 9 clearance of an interference between the hole and shaft when ‘assembled, depending on the actual sizes of the hole and shat, the tolerance zones of the hole and the shaft overlap com. pletely or in part (see figure 10). To PLOOUI;+=RM., iS Figure 10 — Schematic representation of transition fits 4.10.4 variation of a fit: The arithmetic sum of the tolerances of the two features comprising the fit. NOTE — The variation of ofits an absolute value without sign. 4.11 fit system: A system of fits comprising shafts and hholes belonging to a limit system. 4.11.1. shaft-basis system of fits: A systom of fits in which ‘the required clearances or interferences are obtained by ‘associating holes of various tolerance classes with shafts of @ single tolerance class. For the purposes of the ISO system of limits and fits, a system of fits in which the maximum limit of size of the shaft is tical to the basic size, i.e. the upper deviation is zero (see figure 11), NoTES 1. The horizontal continuous lines represent the fundamental devi- ations for holes oF shafts. 2. The dashed tines represent the other limits and show the possibilty ‘of sifferent combinations between holes and shafts, related to their ‘rade of tolerance (e.g. G7/h4, H6/h, MS/bA). Figure 11 — Shatt-ba system of fits 1SO 286-1 ; 1988 (E) 4.11.2 hole-basis system of fite: A system of fits in which ‘the required clearances or interferences are obtained by ‘associating shafts of various tolerance classes with holes of @ single tolerance class. For the purposes of the ISO system of limits and fits, a system Cf fits in which the minimum limit of size of the hole is identical 10 the besic size, i.e. the lower deviation is zero (see figure 12). Ess ores 1. The horizontal continuous lines represent the fundamental devi- ations for holes or shat. 2 The dashed lines represent the othe limits and show the possibilty (f cltferent combinations between holes and shafts, related to their ‘rade of tolerance (e.g. H8/h8, H6/j5, H6/pA). 4.12 maximum material limit (MML): The designation applied to that of the two the maximum (upper) limit feature (shaft), — the minimum (lower) limit of size for an internal feature Previously called "GO Wit” 4.13 least material limit (LML): The designation applied to that of the two limits of size which corresponds to the minimum ‘material size for the feature, i.. — the minimum (lower) limit of size for an external feature (shaft), — the maximum (upper (hole). it of Size for an internal feature NOTE — Previoisy called “NOT GO lit” 3215 Symbols, designation and interpretation of tolerances, deviations and fits 5.1 Symbols 6.1.1 Standard tolerance grades ‘The standard tolerance grades are designated by the letters IT {followed by a number, e.g. IT7. When the tolerance grade is associated with (a) ‘letter(s) representing a fundamental deviation to form a tolerance class, the letters IT are omitted, eg. h7. NOTE — The ISO system provides fora total of 20 standard tolerance ‘grades of which grades ITT to IT1B are in general use and are given in the main body of the standard. Grades ITO and ITO1, which are nat in ‘General use, are given in annex A for information purposes. 5.1.2 Deviations 6.1.2.1 Position of tolerance zone ‘The position of the tolerance zone with respect to the zero line, ‘which is a function of the basic size, is designated by (an) upper case letter(s) for holes (A . . .ZC) or (a) lower case leter(s) for shafts (a... . zc) (see figures 13 and 14). NOTE — To avoid confusion, the folowing letters are not used: Lt: 1; 0, 0; Q, a; Ww. 5.1.22. Upper deviations The upper deviations are designated by the letters “ES” for holes and the letters “es” for shafts. 5.1.2.3 Lower deviations ‘The lower deviations are designated by the letters “EI” for holes and the letters “ei” for shafts. 5.2 Designation 6.2.1 Tolerance class A tolerance class shall be designated by the lette(s) represent- ing the fundamental deviation followed by the number representing the standard tolerance grade. Examples: H7 (holes) 17 (shafts) 5.2.2 Toleranced size A toleranced size shall be designated by the basic size followed by the designation of the required tolerance class, or the e» plicit deviations. 322 won? 80js15. 10096 100 =388 ATTENTION — In order to distinguish between holes and shafts when wensmiting information on equipment with Tmited character sets, such as tlex, the designation shal be prefixed by the folowing letters = Hor for hoes; = Sor for shat. examples: '5OHS becomes HE0H5 or 5OK5 '5Oh6 becomes S50H6 or s50h6 This method of designation shall not be used on drawings. 523 Fit {A fit requirement between mating features shall be designated by a) the common basic size; b)_ the tolerance class symbol for the hol ‘c)_ the tolerance class symbol for the shaft. Examples: i 52H7/g6 or 52 6 ATTENTION — In order to distinguish between the hole and the shaft when transmitting information on equipment with limited character sets, such as telex, the designation shall be prefixed by the following letters: = Horh for holes; — Sors for shafts; — and the basic size repeated. Examples: '52H7/96 becomes H52H7/S52G6 or hE2N7/s62g6 This method of designation shall not be used on drawings. 6.3. Interpretation of a toleranced size 5.3.1 Tolerance indication in accordance with ISO 8015 The tolerances for workpieces manufactured to drawings marked with the notation, Tolerancing 1SO 8015, shall be interpreted as indicated in 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1.2.Fundamental deviations Fundamental deviations NoTES 1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) > ES fl D ofS SS Y Uauy Ze Y a4 K MNP ine fF FFGG H 18) Holes linterna features) Basi size 'b)_ Shatts (external features) 11 According to convention, the fundamental deviation isthe one defining the nearest limit to the zero tine 2. For details concerning fundamental deviations for J/), K/k, M/m and N/n, s00 figure 14 Figure 13 — Schematic representation of the positions el2[s)[s|el[s| wl | «| || one [07] 12 | 19 | 3 wo) mw [2s|s|e| wl] 2) =| «| @| wo] mo os | om | 1s | 22 | 3 vo [wo fas|s |e | | w| | «| a | oo | 100 | a0 oat: [16 | 25 | « wo | 20 | a5| 7 [1 | | 20 | a | «| 72| 115 | vs | 20 o7| 115] tas | 29 | «6 mo fas fe |e |e) wis) | 2] a| w| 20) = oar {ta [zt | 32 | s2 as[ oo [7 [es ]e ||| «| 7] «| wo | 20 | x0 1 [23 | 36 | 57 [400 | 500 | @ | 10 | 6 20 | 27 | 4 | 63 | 97 | 195 | 250 | 400 1,55] 25 | 4 63 oo] etl e fn fw] 2] 2] | 7] ol vs | 20] 0 175 | 28 | «a [7 eo | aot [io [wm [we | =| a | | | 125 | 20 | ao] 2 [sets fe ‘oo [root [as [21 | 2 [ao | 86] 90 | 140 | 200 | 260 | 560 za [as | se] 9 |« ion [1zs0%"[ 1a |e [as | a | a7 | 66 | 105 | 105 | 260 | a0 | ooo x05] 26 [42 | 66 [108 | 16s vaso [veo 15 [21 [a | «| ss | 70] 125 | 105 | s10 | soo | 70 va5[a1[s | 78 [2s | ws veo |2000"[ 1e [25 | 3 | «6 | es | sz] 160 | 20 | a70 | wo] om 2a [a7 fe |o2}s lz 2000 | 2s00% 22 [30 | a1 | es | 78] 110 | 175 | 200 | 440 | 700 [1100 ze [aa |? [n |e [oe 2500 | ar60%| 25 [36 | 60 | 68 | 96 | 46 | 210] 300 | 540 | aso | 1360 3a [sa [ee [ws [a |x 1) Values for standard tolerance grades ITD1 and ITO for babc sizes less than or equal to 600 mm are given in annex A, table 6. |+ Values for standard tolerance grades ITI to ITS linc.) for badic sizes over 500 mm are included for experimental use. 3) Standard tolerance grades IT14 to IT16 inc.) shall not be used for basic sizes less than or equal to 1 mm. 3271SO 286-1 ; 1988 (E) Table 2 — Numerical values o T Fundam beat se ree dean et = All dard S 7 standard race grades Sl m]a ee mt stom | aR studing | a? bY c od a e ef f go h bb? i ae wee et a= Ts [=o] =o [wae te oe eet SHien ow |= a] =a a tae se Sano Sales = 230) a -~%|-2 - 6 -6 0 fot He 7 i wa[-m]-w] {-=|-«| |-2] Torle ele 7 3 oa = =3\ |-m|-m| |-=| |-ale ~s[-0 3 =r = Se eee ee eel = = 2 le al es “ale i = 3 i ea Se lee eel lee alee 160 -20 3 = oe 3 = za] |-m|-m{ |» ow} o| = |-)-n [= == : =: =" ~ - =" 0 : 16 | -: = = 0 | ~10 = lel i eb se [ae = Fo oe ee ‘35 | 00 =400 : [x = an_[ 60 [=te| | am x wo {me [iol mf -s0 oe |e] oe =[+ 12 [als om [as ea a so | a0 | 6 * | eo [m8 Sale : ; so [70 220 | ~10 = aa | 468 ate] Slane 0 Torre flee is ° thst Ta [tat 0 | =o “|e 1.400, 1.600 ‘220 30, a ~0 | ae f= “ee 1800 2.000 — a = Foe ae ao | = : $20 | 35 “= I ta | es [ae | Sea 0 2800 3150 bd 1 Fundamental deviations a and b shall ot be used for basic sizes lus than or equal oT mm 2), For tolerance classes s7 to j,i the IT value number, nis an odd number, this may be rounded tothe even number immediately below, o thet resulting deviesors, i.e. + can be expressed in whole micrometres 328indamental deviations of shafts ‘viation values Lower deviation ei 1SO 286-1 ; 1988 (E) Fundamental devition values in micrometres 5 We] Upto ita to | nck) and ‘All standard tolerance grades 177 | above tt? k mi>alol« . t u vf« vy Te a | » | « oT 0 |+2|+ «|[+ 6[+ [+ « 8 7 + 2[+ @]+ a] © a1| 0 [rate [+ 2]+ [+ 9 + +28 + [+ a+ wol+ oo +10 [rely wl+ fs [+ a +e = + aly el+ @|+ 97 +40 + [+ 64]+ 90 [+ 190 +1] 0 fa afeaz]+ we] s ale + 2 = Sah + [+ 7] + we] + 160 + a[ea[e sel ols ma] + go> 106] + 108 + +al+ 5] + 2] +z] + 7}? Se B+ * als [+s] e+ we ]+ ee] te] ols ae + [+ ols cel + ol+ o[+ v2] + 48] + 20] + 2 + sale }saleals a 2 ® foe eee + [+ mls ails o7]+ ia [+ 196]+ vo] + 20 [+ 325 +a [+ ele os] + 7 +toe|+iz|+ maa [+ [4 26] + 30] + aos * an]e ao] 2; ° N[+?|+2 Eels sols [+ 0 | +0] +e [+ 4] + a0 [+ ze [4 m0 [seo +er[+ 7i[+ or] + we [+16 [+170] + 2 [+ 20 [+ m5 ]+ 5 [+ ce6 eel t8 1431+ eels ols ioe] + we] ve] soo [+ aa [saw [+ ao | + es Tso ] + els [+ al + 10 +2m| +28 |+ 200 [+ 95+ a0] + a [+ 000 +3] 0 | +15] + 27] + a3 [4 5 [+ 100] + 1948] + 190] +208] +200] + 300 [+ a5 [+ e05|+ 700] + 000 seals wel + 146 [+ 210] +252 [+310 [+ 90 [+ 465 [+ 000] + 780 | +1000 +77 [+ [+ 168+ 236 | +208 [+300 [+ as] + e+ 70] + em | +1180 +4] 0 | sav} + at] + so [00] + t30[+ 190 [ + 250 [+310] +385 |+ a70 [+ 575 |+ 740] + 000] +1250 sla wol+ 196 [+ 254 | +340 [+425 [+ 520+ 40 | + e20] +1050] +1 350 alo lomls mls se Lee le [+ 20+ a5 [+305 [sar [+ seo [> 710 [+ 800] +1 200 | +1850 + 96 [+ v0 [4 200 [+ 50 | +425 [+525 [+ 650 [+ 780-| +1 000 [+1 300 | +1700 alo lanls alee mel ols 258 [00 | +475 [+580 [+ 730 [ + s00 | +1 160] +1 500 | +1800 : ria [+ 200 [4 aoe [a5 | +590 [+000 [+ a0 [+ 1000 [+1 300 | +1 650 | +2 100 velo leat als oo 2] * mel + so] + eo] +505 [+70 [+ sco [+1100 | +1 450] +1 950 | +2 00 isa [+ sz [+ 260 | + 640 | +660 | +820 [+1 000 | +1250 | +1 600 | +2 100 | +2600 +150 [+ 250 [+ 400 [+ 600 ele 18 [+ 4+ 8) ves [Ts a10|+ 60] + 600 +175 [+ mo] + soo + 740 Of ot [+] + tes [eae [+ seo [+ oe +210 [+ «0 [+ 6 + 90 Of ot 8 | #10 Fan Taro [+ 680 | +1 060. +250 [+ s20| + 7e0 [+1 160 oO] 0 | +ao | + os | +10 ARR Ts +300 [+ e40 [+ 960 [+1 450 + ma] 41 ele ‘& | + 71+ Feo [+720 | +1 060 | +1 60 +370 [+ e20 | +1200 | +1 850 OL 8 RL 7 to0 [gan [+1380 [+2 oo +440 [+7 000 [+1500 | +200 oe | #10 | +195 Fae0 [1-100 [+1 50 | +2 500 +580 [+1 250 | +1900 | +2 900, PL 8 78] #1 | +280 Fo [aan [+2 10] +3 200 329.1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Table 3 — Numerical values of th Fondomenal dove Lower deviation £1 Above | UP? | Above ‘AN wanda olorance gradee a re is tnt) av [eT Jo] ole [e+ [rlelap ee] a eo Tn wl +e[+ fom] sm] ul ow] > e[ re] ao] —[rafeare _ [os zfs [= weal sw] afr] wf ce leato fw Deaf swf anf vio] wfess[ ews a] sels isp re[ sto e[va|atval —[-erap oe eT eT, alow] m| [om)-e] [+w] [rele [eefeefeefre[ Freel ee + xe|si| sno) [eel+e] [ea] [eo valralea|asal [oeval - eT | 0 « » ° |u| +m] -2 eval =e 20 [a0 sie ae valeol fea] | woe] szef 2s a ae fe sel mem ao |u| oze| aoa veal —e [Te 90 veafeo] [+e] fowl] [rl sa[e] 2 7 s [+ 360] +200 | +150 il bite mia 2 io i [me] sz 0 wmlem! [ow] [re ez] eae] ae weed] 00 | 120 [+ 410 | +240 | + 100 = cl ieee uae : i 10 [an | a i vo _| 160 [+ 620 +200 | +210 +6 | + 5 +8 +ulo] 2 | +18} +26] +41] -3+4 =e] -15 too | 0 [+ sao] +310 | +230 2 ‘oo am [+o 90 | sae 3 ao [ as [+ mofsse|van] | +r] sm] fom} [eelo) & fexfealen|-ees) — |-veal ee ee g [ao an | sa [san seo[erw] foe] fone] = [re|eae[ | ae “ws 0 | 31s [+1060] +500 | +300 * i i a a ae_[ se [tan | sem] ss vmofoe] [ee] few valewfew|-aea] [ava] a 36 [oo [+1 0 | + ee0 | +400 2 Ef [+e of so twin} set 0] | zo] ras] | +e] [zp 0] “wy | +20) +20] +00] soa -nea a I * ao ee vmfowe| [em] [ez] se | a0 = 2 ° 28 [70 va|oel few] bale] : = 7r0_| a o0_| a vamfom| [ew] [ew 7 oe ® ° ° voafow| [ea] [rade ° “0 ren ° ~ vofeao] [orm] |oaelo ° “= | +40] +20] [ow] [ae] 0 ° -@ | cefeml feel fefel ° 6 1) Fundamental deviations A and 8 shall not be used for basic sizes less than or equal fT mm. 2) For tolerance clesses.1S7 to JS11, ifthe IT value number, n, is an odd number, this may be rounded tothe even number immediately below, 6 that th resting deviations, ie. + can be exrested in whole micrometres 3) For determining the values K, M and N for standard tolerance grades up to ITB inc.) and deviations P to ZC for standard tolerance grades up to IT (incl, take the 4 values from the columns on the right. 3301SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) ‘undamental deviations of holes Fundamental deviation values in micrometres = Upper deviation ES eee esol [oe meson oie [| Ee ' Te oe oe -2l-«6 = eo|- 7 {- 108 /- 150) =15+4] 0 -2|-2|- x Sa Pe wage 8st 70] rf a7 [11a] 198 | 0 | 20 [ms] "* |? , Pees gestae a aa ol Bee) g ARs) ss eee eee 2 eal a aie ea ees | SSS SSeS SSE SE SES cole |b eSB SEBS SES SESE er Ths f psbspel es epe pepe pete as ¢ = 77 |- 1wa[- 168|- z36| -296 | -360]- 425|- 620 |- 670|- sao |-1 150] o | £ | -so [=o] |= |e] 90 [=e |=en|= os [= 10 [—am]-ras] |e | 0 | 9| v7] | TERESESiStststst-et spats (pgp st sets tee eee SAY | ES ESESESESHSE SE Srebstst 7 Ti. P(e aia ele ae a ee St SS PSE SE SHSESE Shstiatetiel 1 [o[s|= ese eee ee eeess Ley beste i PaGgeeigts : [a ESESses j hsp states a ae - 6 ee ee abel “7 = 4g |=20 [= 00 L990 ofa -@ a ed mobs - “teens =a tan = =a ee i i 3) (eonct) Examples 7 in the range 18 t0 20 mm: 4 = 8 um, therefore ES = -2 + 8 = +6 1m ‘86 in the range 18 to 30 mm: 4 = 4m, therefore ES = -35 + 4 = -31 um 44). Special cases: for tolerance class MBS in the range from 250 to 315 mm, ES = —9 jm linstead of ~11 um) 5) Fundamental deviation N for standard tolerance grades above ITB shall not be used for basic sizes less than or equal to 1 mm 3311SO 286-1 10. Bibliography The following International Standards on tolerancing and tolerance systems will be useful with regard to the application Of this part of ISO 286: 180 406, Technical drawings — Linear and enguler toler- ‘ances — Indicstions on drawings. 'SO 1101, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out — Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings. 1S0 1828, Selection of tolerance zones for general purposes. 1) At present at the stage of daft (Revision, in pat, of ISO 2768 : 1873.) 332 'S0 1947, System of cone tolerances for conical workpieces from 1:3 t0 1 : 800 and lengths from 6 to 630 mm. 'S0 2682, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — ‘Maximum materi principle. 180 2768-1, General tolerances for dimensions without tolerance indications — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and ‘enguler dimensions," 180 5166, System of cone fits for cones from C = 1:3 to 1: 800, lengths trom 6 to 630 mm and diameters up to 500 mm.1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) ~ Annex A Bases of the ISO system of limits and fits (This annex forms an integral part of the standard.) A.1 General ‘This annex gives the bases of the ISO system of limits and fits. ‘The data are given primarily so that values can be calculated for fundamental deviations, which may be required in very special circumstances and which are not given in the tables, and also ‘80 that @ more complete understanding of the system is provided. {tis once more emphasized that the tabulated values in either this part of ISO 286 or ISO 286-2, for standard tolerances and fundamental deviations, are definitive, and shall be used when applying the system. A2 Basic size steps For convenience, the standard tolerances and fundamental deviations are not calculated individually for each separate basic size, but for steps of the basic size as given in table 4. These steps are grouped into main steps and intermediate ‘stops. The intermediate stops are only used in certain cases for calculating standard tolerances and fundamental deviations ato ¢ and r to zc for shafts, and A to C and R to ZC for holes. The values of the standard tolerances and fundamental devi- ations for each basic size step are calculated from the Table 4 — Basic size steps Values in miimetres Values in milimetres 1) Basic sizes up 10 800 rm finch) BY Basi sn above BD mm wp to Main stops: Intermediate steps!) Main steps Intermediate steps?) _ Up and Up oad Up wand ‘Above inctuding | Above | nctuing including _| _Above inetaing e 3 oo = wo = 3 6 No subdivision = LJ 3 7° ow oo = 70 ® 7% » * " A oo | 100 = 2 ep] * » x 2 a er 7% 0 ~* ° 2 vo | veo | tae | ta % » ® & = veo | 2m | to | ten a iw ® ‘o 2 A zoo | 20 | 2a | 220 tm 0 ze | 200 w ‘o io zen | 300 ‘s : zen | to | 180 200 a0 = zs zs = 0 2 o te 20 315 3 5 a8 o as = “00 0 bed ies 40 500 1) These are used, in certain cases, for devitions ato ¢ and r to 2c oF A to C and R to ZC (see tables 2 and 3) 2) These are used forthe deviations r to u and R to U (see tables 2 and 3). 3331SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) ‘geometrical mean (D) of the extreme sizes (D, and D,) of that stop, as follows: D=\D,xD, For the first basic size step (less than or equal to 3 mm), the ‘geometrical mean, D, according to convention, is taken between the sizes 1 and 3mm, therefore D = 1,732 mm. A.3 Standard tolerance grades 3.1. General ‘The ISO systom of limits and fits provides for 20 standard tolerance grades designated ITO, ITO, IT1, ..., IT1B in the size range from 0 up to 500mm {incl.), and 18 standard tolerance grades in the size range from 500 mm up to 3 160 mm (incl.), designated IT1 to IT18. {As stated in the “Foreword”, the ISO system is derived from ISA Bulletin 25, which only covered basic sizes up to 500 mm, ‘and was mainly based on practical experience in industry. The ‘system was not developed from a coherent mathematical base, ‘and hence there are discontinuities in the system and differing formulae for the deviation of IT grades up to 600 mm, The values for standard tolerances for basic sizes from 500 mm Lup to 3 150 mm (incl.) were subsequently developed for exper ‘mental purposes, and since they have proved acceptable to industry they are now given as a part of the ISO system, It should be noted that values for standard tolerances in grades TO and ITO1 are not given in the main body of the standard because they have little use in practice; however, values for these are given in table 5. ‘Table 5 — Numerical values for standard tolerances. in grades ITO1 and ITO ‘Standard tolerance ‘orades Tor 170 Tolerances un = 3 03 05 a 6 oa 06 6 10 oa 06 0 8 0s 08 8 » 06 1 % 0 06 1 0 0 os 12 % 120 1 18 19 180 12 2 10 250 2 3 250 318 25 4 315 400 3 5 400 500 4 6 334 3.2 Derivation of standard tolerances (IT) for basic sizes up to and including 500 mm A.32.1 Standard tolerance grades !TO1 to IT4 The values of standard tolerances in grades ITO1, ITO and IT1 ‘are calculated from the formulae given in table 6. It should be oted that no formulae are given for grades IT2, IT3 and IT4, ‘The values for tolerances in these grades have been approxi- mately scaled in geometrical progression between the values for IT1 and IT5, Table 6 — Formulae for standard tolerances in grades 1T01, ITO and ITI for basic sizes up to and including 600 mm Values in micrometres Formula for calculation ‘Standard tolerance | where Dis the geometric mean of the basic size in milmetras iro) 0.3 + 0,008D tr0 os+oom | m™ 0.8 + 00200 1) See the “Foreword” and ALT A322 Standard tolerance grades ITS to IT18 The values for standard tolerances in grades ITS to IT18 for basic sizes up to and including 500 mm are determined as a function of the standard tolerance factor, The standard tolerance factor, i, in micrometres, is calculated from the following formula i = 0,45 3D + 0,001D where D is the geometric mean of the basic size step in milimetres (see clause A.2). This formula was empirically derived, being based on various national practices and on the premise that, for the same manu facturing process, the relationship betwoen the magnitude of the manufacturing errors and the basic size approximates a parabolic function, ‘The values of the standard tolerances are calculated in terms of the standard tolerance factor, i, as shown in table 7, It should be noted that from IT6 upwards, the standa d tolerances are multiplied by a factor of 10 at each fifth step. This rule applies to all standard tolerances and may be used to extrapolate values for IT grades above IT18. Example: 1720 = 1715 x 10 = 640i x 10 = 6 4001 NOTE ~ The above rule apples except for ITE inthe basic size range from 310 6 mm lint)Table 7 — Formulae for standard tol 1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) nces in grades ITI to ITIB Bese ze ‘Standard wolrancegraden no |RAT Taras [ove [v7 ve | ore [mmo] mre] me [ mma | me [ae [es Dr [ae ‘vow | and Formulae for standard tolerances (Results in micrometres) Sano Sd oo_[ ao [ar [aaron wef ar [orf var ase | ear | ea | tor | ear] ar | aoa] esr [1007 rer | 2507 1 Boe A321 3.3 Derivation of standard tolerances (IT) for basic sizes from 500 mm up to and including 3.160 mm ‘The values for standard tolerances in grades IT1 to IT18 are determined as a function of the standard tolerance factor, J. ‘The standard tolerance factor, J, in micrometres, is calculated from the following formula 1 = 0,004D + 2,1 where D is the geometric mean of the basic size step in milimetres (s0e clause A.2). ‘The values of the standard tolerances are calculated in terms of the standard tolerance factor, J, as shown in table 7. It should be noted that from IT6 upwards, the standard tolerances are multiplied by a factor of 10 at each fifth step. This rule applies to all standard tolerances and may be used to ‘extrapolate values for IT grades above IT18. Example: 1720 = ITIS x 10 = 6407 x 10 = 6 4007 NoTES 1. The formulae for standard tolerances in grades IT1 to ITS are siven on a provisional basis only. (These did not appear in 1SO/R 286 : 1962.) 2. Although the formulae for / and J vary, continuity of progression is assured for the transion range, A3.4 Rounding of values for standard tolerances For each basic size step, the values obtained from the formulae ‘given in A.3.2 and A.3.3, for standard tolerances in grades up ‘0 and including IT11, are rounded off in accordance with the rules given in table 8. ‘The calculated values of standard tolerances in grades above 11 do not require rounding off because they are derived from values of tolerance grades IT7 to IT11, which have already been rounded off. Table 8 — Rounding for IT values up to and including standard tolerance grade IT11 Founding values in micrometres Basie size obtained rom the formulae Above Given in AS2anda33, | upto | S0omm apie 1 | 3180mm " 4 linet Up io ana incting [Rounding in multiples of ° o 1 7 # 10 1 2 1 20 5 5 20 a0 10 0 00 1 000 » + ooo 200 = 0 200 5.000 : ia 5.00 10000 . 200 tooo 20000 = ce 20.000 50000 7 100 ores 1 For the small values in particular, it has sometimes been necessary to depart from these rules, and, in some instances, even from the application of the formulae given in A.3.2 and A.3.3 in order to ensure better scaling. Therefore the values given forthe standard tolerances in tables 1 and 5, 9s appropiate, shall be used in preference to calculated values when applying the 1SO system. 2. Values for standard tolerances in grades IT1 to IT1B are given in table 1 and for ITO and ITO1 in table 5. A.4 Derivation of fundamental deviations AA.1 Fundamental deviations for shafts The fundamental deviations for shafts are calculated from the formulae given in table 9. The fundamental deviation given by the formulae in table 9 is, in principle, that corresponding to the limits closest to the zero line, ie. the upper deviation for shafts @ to h and the lower deviation for shafts k to zc. 3351SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Except for shafts j and js, for which, strictly speaking, there is ‘no fundamental deviation, the value of the deviation is inde- pendent of the selected grade of tolerance (even if the formula includes a term involving ITn). 4.2 Fundamental deviations for holes ‘The fundamental deviations for holes are calculated from the formulae given in table 9 and, therefore, the limit correspond." ing to the fundamental deviation for a hole is exactly sym- ‘metrical, in relation to the zero line, to the limit corresponding to the fundamental deviation for a shaft with the same letter. ‘This rule applies to all fundamental deviations except for the following: '2) deviation N, for standard tolerance grades IT9 to IT16 in basic sizes above 3 mm up to 500 mm linc.) for which the fundamental deviation is zero; 'b) shaft or hole basis fits, for basic sizes above 3 up to ‘500 mm incl.) in which a hole ofa given standard tolerance ‘grade is associated with a shaft of the next finer grade (e.9. H7/p6 and P7/N6), and which are required to have exactly ‘the same clearance or interferences, see figure 20. In these cases, the fundamental deviation, as calculated, is adjusted by algebraically adding the value of 4 as follows: ES = ES (as calculated) + 4 where 4 is the difference [Tn - ITin ~ 1) between the standard tolerance, for the basic size step in the given ‘grade, and that in the next finer grade. Example: For P7 in the basic size range from 18 up to 30 mm: 4-117 -176 = 21-13 = 8 ym NOTE — The rule given in b) above is only applicable for basic sizes ‘over 3mm for fundamental dovitons K, M and N in standard tolerance grades up to and including ITB, and deviations P to ZC in ‘standard tolerance grades up to and including 1T7 336 Hole base ft a. (ef)+ ITla-t}=(ES)+1Ta (ei)- Ta=(ES)-IT(n-1) Figure 20 — Diagrammatic representation of the rule given in A.4.2b) ‘The fundamental deviation given by the formulae in table 9 is, in principle, that corresponding to the limits closest to the zero fi the lower deviation for holes A to H and the upper deviation for holes K to ZC. Except for holes J and JS, for which, strictly speaking, thera is. 1n0 fundamental deviation, the value of the deviation is inde- pendent of the selected grade of tolerance (even if the formula includes a term involving In). A.4.3. Rounding of values for fundamental deviations For each basic size step, the values obtained from the formulae ‘ven in table 9 are rounded off in accordance with the rules given in table 10.1SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Table 9 — Formulae for fundamental deviations for shafts and holes pone Shatts Formulae! Holes |— 3 ihre Di the = usw | unde. |,,59, sreratie mean “apes ‘Avove | andine | mont egtive ofthe basic size | Dacia. | reostve) Tene | Above ding | doviation | 2% 6) ‘n mitimetes postive) | deviation ioe recone SL ee ha aa 7 io | 200 i : cD > - es at + 8 7 160_[ $00 160 . oe - ° a + c 2. 0 | 0 ~ ° w] i | - | o | otiwvuetr | a | + | co 0 i Seward o [sm [a =a enor Eras) geen |eeo o [a0 est ara reo arora sme caer a O80 Geonetie man ° w]e | - | ow | ottmevtimter | oer | + |e 0 10 Eowdeet oe | =e Pesn00r Eige|acene ane os Geomeuie man 0 w] w | - | o | otievumte | a | + | ra ° 0 Fi tond Goo Ce a ae o [3160 |» | Nowin | es | Oovaton = 0 | er [Nose |W o|3 160 o 500 i | [No formula?) J o | 0 o [swf » | + | @ [osm a ls i) o r q = ar a « [28eB. S a oa so [3180 No sgn Deviation = 0 No sign soo | 3160 a a a yrs o_ [so so [3180 woo | 3.150 2 CI 8 + ei ES - No 2 a so [350 0.000 + 21 woo | a 150 ome] etme eae ~ |e Ltr sos ears 0 [so wo [50 0.0% + 378 wo | 150 Geomete moar o | sw} + + | a | cttw | zs | = | Re 0 | 310 pend = a alee yw Lite tea rg 2 Ey wo | ai60 17+ 04D co | 360 24 3150, t Q ei 177 + 0,630 ES = ™ Ey 3180 0 2160 fans ae @_ [m+ ES = ue ° 3180 a [er a a ) o ‘500 x + ai 177 + 1,6D_ ES = xa o 500, a [ere zs | - | ve_| | sw o [so [= + [er 280 csi) aroma |e os o [wo [= | + | a | e+ 3180 Bp ae oof 8 oe a ) o [| wo [| + | «| mop Pe Ss 1) Fundamental deviations (.. results from formulae) in micrometres 21--Values only given in tables 2 end 3. 3) Formula only applies to grades IT4 to 177 inclusively; fundamental deviation k forall other basic sizes and all ther IT grades = 0. 4), Special rule applies (see A426) 5) Formula only applies o grades up to ITB inclusively; fundamental deviation K for all other basic sizes and all other IT grades = 0. 3371SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Table 10 — Rounding for fundamental deviations Rounding values in micrometres Basie size sbove 500 mm up to Catcuated vatuas obtained from ‘up t0 500 mm (inct.) "3180 men tinct) the formulae given in 7 Fundamental devietions ae ktoze dtu Kt0ze 0 as Up to and a including Rounding im 5 6 7 7 1 6 Cy 2 1 1 0 100 5 1 2 100 200 5 2 5 20 30 10 2 0 30 500 0 5 10 500 560 10 5 2 560 600 2 5 2 00 00 2 10 2 200 1000 2 2 20 1000 2.000 Ey 50 50 2.000 5.000 100 100 20 x 107 50 x 10" 1x 10" 50 x 10° 100 x 10" 2x10" 100 x 108 200 « 10" 5x 10" 338'SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Annex B Examples of the use of ISO 286-1 (This annex forms an integral part of the standard.) B.1 General This annex gives examples in the use of the ISO system of imits and fits, in determining the limits for shafts and holes, The numerical values of the upper and lower deviations for the more generally used basic size steps, fundamental deviations {and tolerance grades have been calculated and are tabulated in 150 286.2. {Im special cases, not covered by ISO 286-2, the appropriate upper and lower deviations, and hence the limits of size, can be calculated from the data given in tables 1t03, and tables 4 to 6 in annex A in this part of ISO 286. 8.2 Review of special features ‘A summary of the features and factors which shall be taken into consideration when using this part of ISO 286 to derive "upper and lower deviations for special cases is given below: shafts and holes a, A, b, B are provided only for basic sizes greater than 1 mm; = _shatts j8 are provided only for basic sizes less than or equal to 3 mm; = _holes K in tolerance grades above ITB are provided only for basic sizes less than or equal to 3 mm; shafts and holes t, T, v, V and y, Y are only provided for basic sizes. greater than 24mm, 14mm and 18 mm, respectively (for smaller basic sizes, the deviations are prac: tically the same as those of the adjacent tolerance grades) ; —_ tolerance grades IT14 to IT1B are only provided for basic sizes greater than 1 mm; — holes N of tolerance grades above IT8 are only provided for basic sizes greater than 1 mm. 8.3. Examples 8.3.1 Determining the limits of size for a shaft 0 40911 Basic size step: 30 to 60 mm (from table 4) Standard tolerance = 160 um (from table 1) Fundamental deviation = —9 um (from table 2) Upper deviation = fundamental deviation = —9 jim ‘Lower deviation = fundamental deviation — tolerance = 9 = 160 um = ~ 169 um Limits of size: ‘Maximum = 40 ~ 0,008 = 39,991 mm Minimum = 40 ~ 0,169 = 39,831 mm Basic size step: 120 to 180 mm (from table 4) Standard tolerance = 12 um (rom table 1) Fundamental deviation = —27 + 4 jm (from table 3) Value of 4 = 4 ym (from table 3) Upper deviation Lower deviation fundamental deviation ~ tolerance = -23~ 12um = -35 um Limits of size: Maximum = 130 - 0,023 = 129,977 mm 130 — 0,035 = 129,965 mm Minienum 3391SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) Annex C Equivalent terms (This annex does not form an integral part of the standard.) C.1 General ‘This annex establishes 2 list of terms used in ISO 286 (and in other International Standards on tolerances). NOTE — In adction to terms used in the thre oficial ISO languages (English, French and Russian), the equivalent terms in German, Spanish, italian, ‘Swedish and Japanese are also given. These have been included at the request of Technical Committe !SO/TC 3 and are published under the responsibilty of the member bodies for Germany, F.R. (DIN), Spain (AENORI, Italy (UNI), Sweden (SIS) and Jepan (JISC). C.2 Notes on presentation ‘The numerals 01 to 90 give the alphabetical order for the first language (i.e. English) only (for reference). ‘The column “Reference clause" refers to the number of the clause, sub-clause, etc. in which the term is defined (or the most important place) in this part of ISO 286. ‘The words given in ” theses" indicate that the part of the term placed between them may be omitted. ‘Synonyms have been separated by a semi-colon. Square brackets indicate that the wordls) placed between them may replace all or ‘some of the preceding words. Short explanations as regards the term have been presented in note form. €.3_ Recommendations for the user Its recommended that the users, for convenience, re-arrange the vocabulary alphabetically in their own languages and number them accordingly on the left-hand side of the table. 3401SO 286-1 : 1968 (E) wow ese ppsSyuseed -erddoooe un | un ep souaue | __pengeduagmy 10 '0N 00g ANON ‘Sipupan | wp owsrse orzed | ered} cwvowae | :yorgeg sexegng = ‘xuowedsngnut verona vies) #eOuUR narxddoyonue 9p ovorzipu0a 1° upipu03 ‘Bun6urpequon : suemrongw sue eeu mos a cy) BRE -suoqeuouip | vous ezueier | vow mousse: 2uR(o190 (wove, ” BBL | crows cupune ‘ewoursose | -2yp 0) ugiomnaep wugy a wa 7 7 angus weyeug | -episep susuoup | eonpen eppous ‘prunes 4 20n8 woo row] enere supssecis | owoumddonse | of von exnfe | Bunssedxds 7 ey RE eds 20m oben} woes, ‘a uedunexoeeg tong eve noe sore seu poet rom pen iON | sompur=vion | tomes vion | — oNn¥t: ane cwuowerddoo = 7 . anyereystuuseed | oe,yep extneie> | ersfe op snoguea | -yesmyorCunaeeg ag wou omy a ver] gp aese | twousmpuseg | wou uomvewp | jeuwou oppow ‘pewuen npweye | ernewssordde spew ° - . ‘agus s6nmaoun euosuoup | — -poxde eppow | yeuunmjooun, em ao * zev BRE ese | uesemen | coat 7 on eo i ” a1 seven | oye eausiopent | onnoyo oloude ‘pewwoga om e010 u 2 pune pve | oye cxowersoos | eanseje upoencep ‘seuges, doves woo} | rsauouv 12900 snaay not | eoveseop once | 20 - tnd 18pven | oxmeyo coon | oarzaje oBen! ernst - pertmeyuuerdtou | ouoynsend i opei8 | uorsoed ep opei® | pesteney6ineusy | -nos axou0io nud op gi6ep | oped soeinsoe | 10 vem oN eouavejey | omeueder yapems, vee used, uewen vusyeeny youl wevtua | sous 3411SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) (an pews co -tusiqoiprepues 4 (oan | 62 40 pesBrues | soxohuot xentiod L pede | oeuowmurit | eves op eu | ‘sedtprepumg) | “enibem soe purrs BRET vevoneweit | ezueiqorp opei6 | -groeweru) opes8 | ~ veeuoueusew, | twnnadethe.y « assole ane vepsduussed | cwowerdosse | un op over vewpedveun) | venoe duo 82 '0N 965 WALD ‘Sunny | yous ozzed | (ered) cwewoe | :yorgeg sa0uU| nods e exvaiopenu voo wos zov| @G817 Suussedde:s | “owowerddosse | oreude uoo ane | Sunssedgewienn | wien owsteoou 2 ey <1@1 ido ezvesoponu, cxoude ‘pewuoan, uses a zy “ ie on vies unoe rasdoeio « . - sues yous | ojenue8 ezverjor | jecue8 enverqer | zveqLUOUEBIY ei9u98 soueiman | 1901 eoua6 | ge soue.901 wesse | Ponwcnpens oravouw wow ayevow (oepues) eo BER | PM Steernpunt | -cpucyecreinn | -opuryeptena | muesapung | -epuny coven | yruourepury | 9@ Z2UBE ‘oyewwowsep yewew onnen vonenop zov| SRR R saqunesatel | -uoy cuawersors | -epunj upsensep | geuqepunig | ooo sowsonce | jruowepuoy ueop | ewowepury | ez auewod wworstspeg wow iy | ELAR | usrstestuussed | doooe pauses | ssnle op ewerss | swmskssbuneseg | votsounnsions | ssnlep ewgishe woostsy | zz voyoez aB cowwowerd -zinysCunsseg | stfeoou ennon auowsrsnie,, ers | DAE | roqutesouusses | -dos0e 1p ofquse | arene op ofquss | ‘joquuAssCunssey | -eve0p0 eoweousk ‘9 a7oquAs roqute ry | az epgmvosues | cwvowerddoooe 1p ante op votieoou | woumentep | uopeven :euoe ' - sor Sieber’ | Taunoor prot | epueworep wor | pwmuemces | extuoyeieu | cover op eu | ““acuwocry | oe woneuen sBuussed EGE ppiasuesajor ‘owuewerd ‘susie quow | ay 40 uogeuen vor} OrF@ht ‘Suosuussed | -) 42018 va9es | gos ersciopms | omnes rouae | “eqn seaames | _ enwwesnoo m0 snmeinet | mun anne | 9 ds oo x | ssuetozea om) (9 dover ~ (7%) soue oa (056) Jods aapeyor Onaga oo0ni6 ‘onneyes oBent feids sennmes | wrsHsveLHooHio sneyes net wep onneies | 79 cowvowyoy eues9j0: edkuedsu eou8s9)91 eamesod t RA | mencuname | pemendun | epemendun | meeduesooreg | -nerveveumndon | epemenaum | um eaueoje | 19 owt cone ez conced seunou you soyeoe smweuen | sowuqucu siog | yeuruod] eee zv| GRAB | voppuompuses | omveum ip ods | seppeulep adn | ojeapeunuen | * mon veces | vou op med | Joidore oove: | Op ON art oxourdey uw wow: sen) oues, 181 sous ae oder wepeme ue aswees mp vwereeny ovens ites | 3451SO 286-1 : 1988 (E) eave oP * aes stayou | oz oyep eon | vous 0m eo von | sions wae a ane 104 uy oz pn suaeve.o% coms HBB | “Brvssed con | doo p (ovo aun wou | eaves voy Ovreat ~eyeasBuussed | — ever] \} #2Ues01100, SP POUEIOI00 PUCIOIYE, eoou xoAuol | —-snfe,p ouEsq|Or ‘yo uoneueA HSRRE omy on veoy oT ‘nywnesues6 ing | -edns cjueweys00s | sovedns upensep geway sexeqgo | -2xoun0 eonxden anaugdns ueo9 | vope;nep seddn — epee funeeed eto wm cor @HDch | comeeedueyow | —crsoumsaocoe | -susoopu rele s0eb) Hoxedeu swouersfe | ay vonsuen pw exer, soues oho yous, 7 - aupeegeveiter | woo avoseusp | 901 uoo eppew | pew soveHo}r donees | gor uomtouyp | ome poovero, ee eer QE | ‘epeniosemp: | exveryor wp euor | eouemor op sor | prazvee, | exosvow sou | eoueig op une | vor soves es ene seoves soxots seoveipor umste zpuey ¥LET wersAssues9}0) 970 1p ewersis 9101 Op eWOISS warsAszueiq901, <0 eMOLOKO 9p owgishs 20ue19}01 voor ene: seove: | -zmyaungoy | eoxotuoy mien seoues reqs t79| SRBVAL | — rwqussswnqar | ojo omoaws | or ep ofequss | sjoqunszuessoi | -entoge soweousk | gon op ojoquibs eounpet 22900 exveryon seoues - . -sveimor ne ouwe | ip ounied} ave | sxcueiaor op eves | auysszueo, | eoxotuot ve | gor op ave | soues sousson exe, oven soxotuot oun ved cer | BQOREY semsve=01 ip woreod epugeeed | etepuemo, | omennucuced | sop vonsod oune vozsod ono sa onto sonisod . . sueioieon emmy: | speavem | sueimove6ey | -ovouoed xo 9 avery | jo soueen - suo} uo} swi0s zes| EWM sveimonuioy | ewoyip ene | ep movers | suemponsiog | randoo xohvol | op sounspor | yo soutoat vonevensooussed ere op wowssnes op Be | inmeme: | owaumdcoooe | upoeuen ‘eee women “iuoum | _ 1 Jo woneven vor| Greer ‘sueBuuesed 1p exuesoyor pepyaiad zuepngeg | vatteaou watuov | “enfep eoummyen | £ay'j0 souessen (sous) (verve) sounson our amyebmvee) ‘op pure ‘sous: | ojo oped zev| RET pabeveiyer | exveie opei8 | moveime: op opeis | “Spesézueioi | exosvoy axeueio | "yen op gitap | copes wueron coduto woe un op sous sump seounes sso -2ei ep oiee ea | eyeine veo) o9 ouge fees ver | YS GBBT | sve seer | exesoye p ossqn | “esos op oe9o | “Torrone, | atuol oucu | "ger ap asses | sep couse, ime cr] BRE ‘pps eves eevee, memo reuol seve901 eoue.01 cnousder uepems vere ueueds ueusep een ovens ona 8s|e e R 3461SO 296-1 : 1988 (E) UDC 621.763.1/.2 Descriptors: dimensional tolerances, fits, fundamental tolerances, definitions, symbole, designation, schematic representation, dimensions Price based on 30 pages 347INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEXKAYHAPORHAR OPTAHMSAUMA NO CTAHAAPTHIAUMH ISO system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts ‘Systéme ISO de tolérances et d‘ajustements — Partie 2: Tables des degrés de tolérance normalisés et des écarts limites des alésoges et des arbres 348 ISO 286-2 First edition 1988.06-0 Reference number 180 286-2: 1988 (E)Foreword SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is @ worldwide federation of ‘ational standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- ‘mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated 0 the member bodies for approval Before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting, ‘This part of [SO 286 has been prepared by ISO/TC 3, Limits and fits, and, together with ISO 286-1, completes the revision of ISO/R 286, /SO system of limits and fits, 1SO/R 286 was frst published in 1962 and subsequently confirmed in November 1964; " it was based on ISA Bulletin 25 first published in 1940. ‘The major changes incorporated in this part of ISO 286 are as follows: 2). The presentation of the information has been modified so that ISO 286 can be Used directly in both the design office and the workshop. This has been achieved by separating the material dealing with the bases of the system, and the calculated values of standard tolerances and fundamental deviations, from the tables giving specific limits of the most commonly used tolerances and deviations. b) The new symbols js and JS replace the former symbols j, and Js (i.e. 8 and S ‘eno longer placed as subscripts) to facilitate the use of the symbols on equipment with limited character sets, 0.9. computer graphics. The letters "s" and “S” stand for “symmetrical deviation”. €) Limit deviations have been included for basic sizes from 500 to 3 150 mm as standard requirements (these were previously included on an experimental basis only). Limit deviations have been extended for holes H and JS, for shafts h and js, by ‘cluding tolerance grades IT17 and IT18 in all basic sizes, and, for experimental purposes only, by including tolerance grades ITY to ITS in basic sizes over 500 mm up to 3.150 mm. €e} Limit deviations have been extended for some tolerance classes used in fine mechanisms and horology, in basic sizes up to 50 mm. 4) Inch values have been deleted. {g)_The principles, terminology and symbols have been aligned with those required by contemporary technology. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time land that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. © International Organization for Standardization, 1988 © Printed in Switzerland 349350 1SO 286-2 : 1988 (E) Contents Page © Introduction . 1 1. Scope . 5 1 2 Feld of application... ee eeeessessedessessreeeseeeseessveeee 1 3 References 2 ‘ 2 5 2 6 : 2 7 3 Notes on the presentation of tables 2to2.......... 5 a Tables 21022 8038 ‘Annex ~ Graphical review of tolerance zones of holes and shafts xINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 286-2 : 1988 (E) ISO system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts 0 Introduction ‘The need for limits and fits for machined workpieces was brought about mainly by the inherent inaccuracy of manufac turing methods, coupled with the fact that “exactness” of size was found to be unnecessary for most workpieces. In order that function could be satisfied, it was found sufficient to ‘manufacture a given workpiece so that its size lay within two Permissible limits, i.e. 2 tolerance, this being the variation in size acceptable in manufacture. Similarly, where a specific fit condition is required between mating workpieces, it is necessary to ascribe an allowance, either positive or negative, to the basic size to achieve the re- uired clearance or interference, ie. a “deviation”. With developments in industry and international trade, it ‘became necessary to develop formal systems of limits and fits, firstly at the industrial level, then at the national level and later at the international level = This International Standard therefore gives the internationally ‘accepted system of limits and fits ‘A general graphical representation of the relationship between the respective tolerance classes and their deviations is given in the annex. 1 Scope ‘This part of ISO 286 gives values of the limit deviations for ‘commonly used tolerance classes (zones) for holes and shafts Calculated from the information given in {SO 286-1. This part of 180 286 covers values for the upper deviations ES (for holes) ‘and es (for shafts), and the lower deviations £1 (for holes) and ei (for shafts) (see figure 1), NOTE ~ tn the tables of limit deviations, the values for the upper vation ES ores are shown above the values for the lower deviation Tore except for tolerance class JS ands which is symmetrical about the reo ine. 2 Field of application ‘The ISO system of limits and fits provides a system of toler- ‘ances and deviations suitable for plain workpieces. It should be noted that the general term “hole or “shaft” used in this International Standard can be taken as referring to tne space contained by (or containing) the two parallel faces (or tangent planes) of any workpiece, such as the width of a slot or the thickness of a key (see also ISO 286-1). Similarly, the term “commonly used holes and shafts” shall be interpreted as pro- Viding @ very wide choice of limit deviations suitable for a wide variety of requirements. For further information on terminology, symbols, bases of the system, etc, see ISO 286-1. Notes on the presentation of tables 2 to 32 are given on page 7 251SO 286-2 : 1988 (E) ‘8) Holes ‘interna features) Zerotine ‘b)_ Shafts (external features) Figure 1 — Upper and lower devis 3 References NOTE — Seo also clause 7, 180 286-1, /SO system of limits and fits — Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits. 180 1828, Selection of tolerance zones for general purposes. 4 Standard tolerances ‘The values of standard tolerance grades IT to IT18 inclusive are given in table 1. For information on the bases of the system and its application, see [SO 286-1 ; for values of standard tolerances ITO and iTO1, 00 ISO 286-1, annex A, table 5. 5 Limit deviations for holes ‘A. synoptic representation of the tolerance classes for holes, siven in this part of ISO 286, is shown in figures 2 and 3. 352 ‘Attention is drawn to the fact that the tolerance classes shown, in figures 2 and 3, and their limit deviations, given in tables 2 10 16, are not intended to give detailed directives on the selec- tion of tolerance classes for any purpose. Recommendations for the selection of tolerance classes are given in ISO 1829, NOTE — Some tolerance classes are only provided for a resticted: ange of basic size steps. Fo further information, see note 1 on page 7 6 Limit deviations for shafts ‘A synoptic representation of the tolerance classes for shafts, given in this part of ISO 286, is shown in figures 4 and 5. Attention is drawn to the fact that the tolerance classes shown in figures 4 and 5, and their limit deviations, given in tables 17 10 32, are not intended to give detailed directives on the sel6c- tion of tolerance classes for any purpose. Recommendations for the selection of tolerance classes are given in ISO 1829. NOTE — Some tolerance classes are only provided for a resvicted range of basic size steps. For further information, sue note 1 on page 77 Bibliography The following International Standards on tolerancing and tolerarice systems will be useful with regard to the application Of this part of ISO 286: 1S0 406, Technical drawings — Linear and angular toleranc- jing — Indications on drawings. 180 1101, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing ~ Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out — Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings. 1S0/R 1838, (SO system of limits and fits — Inspection of lain workpieces. i! 1) At present under revision. 21. At present atthe stage of drat. (Revision, in part, of ISO 2768 : 1973.) ISO 286-2 : 1988 (E) 180 2692, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — ‘Maximum material principle. 1S0 2768-1, General tolerances for dimensions without {tolerance indications — Part 1: Tolerances for linesr and angular dimensions.?! 1S0 5166, System of cone fits for cones from C = 1:3 to 11: 500, lengths fram 6 to 630 mm and diameters up to 800 mm. 'S0 8015, Technical drawings — Fundamental tolerancing principle. 180 8062, Castings — System of dimensional tolerances. 3531SO 286-2 : 1988 (E) Table 1 — Numerical values of standard tolerance grades IT for basic sizes up to 3.150 mm"! NOTE ~ This table, taken from 1SO 286-1, has been inchided in this part of SO 286 to facilitate understanding and use ofthe system. tans are Sinead wae fom fave oan ore or) es] ee | ory | va | va [i | ev | ra | |e rear ra ston [oa Toerances Ee im - = sta EET WLS ewer aoe ee Dee Fe 2| «| =|] m[on}owloa toa] am] a2 | ts o[ w+ [asf asl «ls | 9[ we] 2] o [wml om fon fou wert estas te 10 18 ae 3 5 8 n wl] 27{ @| | 10] 018 | 027 0.43 | 0,7 Ww 18 18 0 15| 25] 4 6 9 3 {21 x 62] e | 130] 021 | om 0,52 | 084] 1,3 | 21 wo] oo] is] 2s} 4 | 7 [nl] wl al | @| 10] 160) om | ox! oe] 1 16 | 25 sof wt2fs is {es} sl w] | «| | 0) woloa | os] o7 19 | 3 8 | 120 25] 4 6 10] 15 2} 3%] 54] a7 | 140 | 20/ 0.35 | 054] 087 22 | 35 ww] asts fe |e] ww of eto lf oofoetoets ase wo [oo [as] 7 fo [wa] =| «el my te if mle onttetietertart ss 2 | 35 6 Ca 16 | 23 32] 52] 81 | 130] 200 | 320] 082 | o@1 | 1.3 32 | 52 | a1 as | ofr ps fap w [aw [a wt mf iw on [om cert eet te 36 [a7 [a 400 | 500 8 wo | 15 2a| a 4 | 63 | 97 | 155 | 250 | 400] 0.63 | 0.97 | 1,55 | 4 63 | 97 wo [eal on [we |} [wl wl iota ay wofor tie tiets terete 90 | e002} 10 [13 [ie | 2 | 38 | 50] 9 | 125 | 200| x20 | sol oe |125]2 oe ow [onan fis [a1 [| @ || fw | moan | onfos pre taa see fa 1000 | 12502}] 13, | 18 | 24 ER 66 | 105 | 165 | 260 | 420 | 660} 1.05| 1.65 | 26 | 66 | 105 | 165 1280 | r6002)] 15 [21 | 29 | 9 [66 | 78 | 125 | 195 | 310 | 500 | 790] 1,251 196] 31 78 | 12.5 [195 | 1600 | 20002)} 18 [25 | 35 4s | 65 82 | 150 | 230 | 370 | 600 | sol 1s [23 137 16 92 [15 2 | 200 [20722 [30 [a1 | 6 | 7 | 110| 175 | am | a0 | 00 [v0] a7 [ 28 Tart? [a [ane Lop ae [suet ws [co | ee | we | vw [20 [am [oe fom [tao] 21 [as fortes tes te te 1) Values for standard toleence grades ITOT and ITO for basic sizes lee than or equal to 500 mm are given in ISO 2861, annox Ay 2) Values for standard tolerance grades 1T1 to IT5 (inc. for basic sizes over 600 mm are included Yor experimental use. 3) Standard tolerance grades 1T14 to IT18 (incl) shall not be used for basic sizes less than or equal to 1 mm. 3541SO 286-2 : 1968 (E) mt Jost va | use ers Fs [rcs co [ra | usa | xa ma na [pa [Ro so era re [rca ca [ne [use | xe [me ne fre tre | oo es [es es [rcs cs fxs | 1s5 | xs [ws ns [os fas [ss | re us |vsxs cos os es | ere Fe [roe ce [He | use | usKs | me ne [rs [ps |e | 16.us |vs x6 Ye | 75 206 cor o7 e |err er [ear or [wr | us | rar |r wr jer |a7 |s7 | x7 ur |vrx7 v7 | 27 za7 | za7 207 28 ca | coe os ex | ere re |rca co |ve | vss | vexs [me ne | re |ne |se | reve | ve xe ve | zm zaa | 200 28 jag 89 co | cop 09 9 [ers ra [rcs co lie | so | xo [wo no |e fo |so | us | x9 va | z= 200 | 200 200 }a10 810 cto] coro 010 €10 | erro Fro | rota Gio | H10| ys10 | x10 | mio N10 | Prof AI0| s1o| To | x10 v10] 210 zato| zBt0 zc10 anencn| on | war | sit Nt zi zat | Zan zc aver! Jara B13 cra 013 | 13 | 413, #7 | ast ae | 3s « fel7]* |] * [w[n[el a] «| we |e Tables Figure 2 — Synoptic representation of tolerance classes for holes for basic sizes less than or equal to 600 mm, mf ust re | se we | Js ne | se vs_| ss oe 0 os [He Piss] x8 | mone | re | me | so | Tous oe A a |i jis | ox | mew | |w |e | vor com | oe | | we fuse | ome | mone |e |e | se | ou 8 8 #9 | 59 no | bio £10 a0 | sto on tar | ast ow we | ise os wa | ase te | iste mis | sis mis | ist6 hi | str me_| iste 3 oa 2 twlatey a Tables NOTE — The tolerance classes inthe frame are given for experimental use Figure 3 — Synoptic representation of tolerance classes for holes for basic sizes, ‘greater than 500 mm and less than or equal to 3 150 mm 3551SO 286-2 ; 1968 (E) mf st me |e eo ferele fis fis | io | aom)e | aja |e tos fot fom lit | te | mt | ow | ot | ot eo eles ls fos [ts |is |p [mem | es |e | 35 |u| ws coe lat [ee | |v |i | pis | mons| os |e | | eu |weat yo | 6 a eoa lero |a ig |g |e | | par | ara | or | a aalany | am | a7 x | ce | 8 8 |e 8 |'e [he | ee | Be | mere) pe |e | we | us| ew ye | we ob | te 2 owe laa lac joie la iw || wo |new|o |e /a | | ay | aa | ao sro proc | eato ao | eto ato | 0 #0 | G10 | 10 | pro | to 1, 0 | $10 x10 io | 0 sao | soto sto sion en | att an fan | as svat | inet meoier} aa te] isn | xa mao 0 na |e | ko nia | te nis | tp ne | 6 nv |e? nie | 8 7 | [3s |» [apa[a T=[7tata], » [a [2 Figure 4 — Synoptic representation of tolerance 356 classes for shafts for basic sizes less than or equal to 600 mm mf at v2 | i mo | a | i 1s_| is « ® we |re ie | i | more] we) we) 6) wus ale a a} lie | ow | ml | 7] 7) ow ala e elm lie | ie ye} a} o ale 2 |e | 10 | eto mo | jo | 10 an on | et] okt m2 |p| ee ms | ra | era na | te mis | ts rie | i516 ner | jet? mie] st «|e |» [afalal ms | =| s[a| a] = Table NOTE ~ The tolerance classes in the frame are given for experimental use, Figure 5 — Synoptic representation of tolerance classes for shafts for basic sizes, ‘Greater than 600 mm and less than or equal to 3 150 mm