Unit -2

Physical Education
Course on
Olympism..!!
UNIT CONTENTS :

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Ancient Olympism – Olympics - Olympic

and Concept and Symbols, Movement
Modern Olympics Motto, Flag, Structure - IOC,
Olympics Values Oath, and NOC, IFS, Other
(Excellence, Anthem members
Friendship
2.1. Ancient and Modern Olympics
Olympics :
History Reveals that Ancient Olympics
were held in the honor of god Zeus, at
city of Athens, Greece around 776 BC as
the part of Religious festivals.
The revival work of the games
was undertaken by Barron Piere
De Coubertin who is also know as
father of Olympics.

Due to their hard efforts the First

modern Olympic Games held in
1896 at Athens Greece and Since
then these game are held every
four years.

Recent Olympics for 2020 are

held at Tokyo, JAPAN. (Postponed
to 2021 due to COVID19)
Ancient Olympics :

The Ancient Olympic Games came into existence

in 776 BC in the city of Olympia in Greece. These
games were held in honor of the Greek God ‘Zeus’.

The people of Olympia constructed a magnificent

temple and started the tradition of offering
sacrifices. Later on, Hercules, the son of Zeus,
started these games and sports competitions in
honour of his father.

These games were held at Olympia every four

years there after. However, the tradition of
Olympic Games was broken when the Roman
Emperor Theodosius banned them in 394 AD. The
statue of Zeus was also broken and the stadium
was destroyed.
Modern Olympics :

The credit of reviving the lost tradition of

Olympic Games and give it a modern look goes
to Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

He was born in 1862 in an Italian family that

was settled in France. He believed that various
national and international problems could be
solved through holding the Olympic Games, as
it would give a common platform for the
countries to meet.

For this purpose, he called a meeting of

various countries in 1893. Some countries viz.
Italy, Greece, Spain and Sweden were in favor
of commencing these games, whereas other
countries opposed the holding of these games.
With his efforts and support from other
leaders of that time, the first modern
Olympics were held in 1896 in Athens,
Greece. Only 9 countries participated in it.

However, this number gradually increased

over the years and in the 2016 Rio de
Janeiro (Brazil) Olympic Games, 206
countries participated.

Women participated for the first time at

the 1900 Paris games with the inclusion of
women’s events in Lawn Tennis. The
games scheduled to be held in 1916, 1940
and 1944 were cancelled due to two
World Wars.
2.2 Olympism – Concept and Olympics Values (Excellence, Friendship)
Olympism :

Olympism refers to the philosophy of the

Olympic games. Olympism seeks to create
a way of life by blending sport with
culture, education and international
cooperation.

According to the principles of Olympism,

the practice of sport is a human right.
Every individual must have the possibility
of practicing sport, without discrimination
of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which
requires mutual understanding with a spirit
of friendship, solidarity and fair play.
Olympic Objectives :

• To develop physical education and healthy

sports competition among people.
• To develop moral values, strong personality,
etc.
• To promote sports ethics and fair play in
competitions.
• To promote physical activities and sports
among youth.
• To promote cooperation, brotherhood and
friendship between countries.
• To promote international peace and
understanding.
• To end discrimination on the basis of race,
religion or caste.
• To bring the rich and poor nations on one
platform and thereby promote cooperation.
Olympic Values :

1. Friendship : The Olympic movement provides good opportunities to

develop friendship among players, coaches and officials of different
countries, which brings nations closer to each other.

2. Solidarity : The Olympic movement develops unity and mutual

agreement which gives a feeling of brotherhood among different
countries.

3. Fair Play : Fair play is based on the value of justice. The value of fair
play i.e. no cheating, no kind of partiality and not using unfair means,
helps in bringing out the best in the athletes.

4. Freedom from Discrimination : The Olympic movement lays stress on

ending discrimination on the basis of caste, race and religion. Thus, it
inculcates the value of equality.
2.3 Olympics - Symbols, Motto, Flag, Oath, and Anthem
Olympic Flag :

The Olympic symbol was created and

designed by Pierre-de-Coubertin himself in
1913. He created Olympic flag which is of a
milky white texture in the background with
five inter linked rings of different colors.

The rings symbolize the union of five

continents and meeting of the athletes form
all over the world at Olympics.

The five colors are Blue, Black, Red, Yellow &

Green. Represents America, Africa, Australia,
Asia and Europe respectively.
The flag was used for the first time in the Olympic
Games of 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium.
Olympic Flame :

The concept of the lighting of the Olympic flame

came from Ancient Greece. The It is also a
symbol of continuity between ancient and
modern games.

The Olympic flame was first introduced into

Modern Olympics in 1928, Games held in
Amsterdam, Netherlands. Since then, the flame
symbolizes the light of spirit, knowledge and life.

The Olympic flame or torch is lighted in Olympic

Village of Greece and is carried by the runners to
the place where the Olympic Games are going to
be organized. During this process, it keeps on
burning. At the end of the closing ceremony of
the games, this flame is extinguished.
Olympic Motto :
Olympic motto is made from three Latin Words. Proposed by Barron Pierre De
Coubertin.
2.4 Olympic Movement Structure - IOC, NOC, IFS, Other members
International Olympic Committee :

The Modern Olympic Games are

organised by the International
Olympic Committee (IOC) that has
its headquarters in Lausanne,
Switzerland.

It is committed to support and

promote participation in sports
throughout the world. The IOC
was established by Baron Pierre
de Coubertin on 23rd June, 1894.
Demetrios Vikelas was its first
President. Its membership
consists of 105 active members
and 32 honorary members.

It organizes both Summer and

Winter Olympics. The IOC selects
the dates, sites and venues of the
Olympic Games. The IOC consists
of members from different
countries.

The President of IOC is elected for

a term of eight years. The four
Vice-Presidents are elected for
four years.
Functions of IOC :

1. The IOC organizes the Olympics, decides

about the host country and the city
where Olympic Games will be held.

2. It ensures the smooth flow of all the

events held in the Olympics.

3. IOC sets the general guidelines, rules

and regulations of the different sporting
events.

4. It encourages fair play without any

discrimination.

5. It fights against doping practices in

sports.
Indian Olympic Association :

Indian Olympic Association was

founded in 1927 by Sir Dorabji
Tata and Dr. Noehren became
the founder President and
Secretary General respectively.

Sir Dorabji Tata was also the

first member of IOC. Its
members are chosen once every
four years.

This committee is comprised of

a president, 9 Vice Presidents, 6
Secretaries, one Honorary
Treasurer.
India participated for the first
time in 1928 Amsterdam
Olympic games and won Gold
in Hockey.

From that time onwards IOA is

working continuously for
Olympic movement.

IOA is responsible for the

participation in Olympic games
and some other games such
as — Asian games,
Commonwealth games etc. All
sports federations work to
help IOA.
National Olympic Committee(NOC) :
A National Olympic Committee (NOC)
is a national constituent of the
worldwide Olympic movement.
Subject to the controls of the
International Olympic Committee,
NOCs are responsible for organizing
their people’s participation in the
Olympic Games.

International Sports Federations (IFS) :

The International Sports Federations
are international non-governmental
organizations recognized by the
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
as administering one or more sports at
world level.
1. IOC was formed in

(a) 1886
(b) 1894.
(c) 1892
(d) 1880
2. Ancient olympic Games wart
organised in the honour of god.

(a) Hercules
(b) Theondosis
(c) Posedon
(d) Zues.
3. How many rings Olympic
symbol has

(a) Three
(b) Two
(c) Five.
(d) Four
4. Where is the headquarters of
IOC.

(a) New York

(b) Switzerland.
(c) Paris
(d) France
5. Who is the first President of
Indian Olympic Association
(IOA)?

(a) Sir Dorabji Tata.

(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
(d) M.K. Gandhi
6. When was IOA Established

(a) 1937
(b) 1935
(c) 1925
(d) 1927.
7. Who is known as the Father of
modern Olympics?

(a) Prof Jigaro kano

(b) Sir Dorabji Tata
(c) P.B.D. Coubertin.
(d) Jocr Rogges
8. Where 2021 Olympics are
held?

(a) Los angles

(b) India
(c) Maxico
(d) Tokyo.
9. Choose the correct option.
(a) The Olympic Games were revived
in __________.

(i) 1800
(ii) 1856
(iii)1896.
(iv) 1899
10. The Olympic Motto “Citius,
Altius, Fortius” means
__________.

(i) Faster, Higher, Stronger.

(ii) Faster, Stronger, Higher
(iii) Stronger, Higher, Faster
(iv) None of these
Important Questions
 1 Marks Questions :

1. Write a short note on the Olympic Flag?

Ans. Olympic Flag was created in 1913 at the suggestion

of Baron Pierre de coubertin.
It was first hosted in 1920 Olympic games at Antwerp
(Belgium). lt is made of white silk and contains five
inter-locking rings in five colours yellow, green, red,blue
and black representing the five continents of the world.
The inter- locking rings symbolises cooperation and
friendship.
2. Briefly explain development of values through Olympic
movement?

Ans. The aim of Olympic games is to create peace and

cooperation amongst
the nations with the spirit of sports competition.
Olympic games played a significant role to develop
following values:-

1. Friendship
2. Solidarity
3. Fair play
4. Freedom from discrimination
3. What is Olympic oath?

Ans. At the beginning of the games the host country

representative will take oath on the behalf of all
participating athletes. That is “We swear that we will
take part in the Olympic games in loyal competition
representing and abiding by the rules which govern them
without the use of doping and drugs in the true spirit of
sportsmanship for the glory of sport and the honour of
our teams”.
4. Describe the objectives of CBSE sports?

Ans. The central Board of Secondary Education conducts

the various tournaments at various level to promote
games & sports in India. There are following objectives of
CBSE sports :
1. To raise the general standard of sports.
2. To organize orientation, refresher and training
programmes for physical education teachers.
3. To organize inter- school tournaments and
competitions.
4. To encourage sportsmanship and promote friendly
relations among schools.
 3 Marks Questions :

Q.1. Briefly explain the development of values through

Olympic movement?

Ans. The aim of Olympic games is to create peace and

co-operation amongst the nations with the spirit of
sports competition. Olympic games plays a
significant role to develop the following values :

(a) Friendship (b) Solidarity

(c) Fair Play (d) Freedom from discrimination
(a) Friendship: The value of friendship is steeped in the
tradition of the ancient Olympic. The athletes express
this value by forming life long bonds with their
teammates as well as their opponents.

(b) Solidarity: The Olympic movement is committed to

developing programmes that, together creates a
meaningful and comprehensive social response.
(c) Fair Play : Olympic movement ensures fair play.
Athletes participate in the Games in Loyal competition
with respecting the regulation.
Fair play means without using any doping aid to enhance
the performance for winning medal and not using and
wrong method for winning medal.

(d) Free of Discrimination : Main aim of Olympic is that

there should be no racial discrimination of the athletes
all are equal. They have equal right to participate in every
event to show their performance.
 5 Marks Questions :

Q.1. Give the important function of International Olympic

Association.

Ans. The international Olympic Association consists of

members from various countries.
President : The President of IOC is selected by its
members for a term of eight years. The current IOC
president is Thomas Bach.
Vice President : In the IOC four vice presidents are
elected. They are elected for four years.

Executive Board: The IOC executive board consist of

President, Vice President and other members.
Main Function of International Olympic association
committee :

1. It decides the venue and date of Olympic games.

2. It ensure the regular celebration of Olympic games.
3. For conducting the competition and general for the
Olympics fundamental rules set by this committee.
4. It also acts against any form of discrimination
affecting
Olympic movements.
5. It leads the fight against doping in sports.
Q.2. Describe the formation and objectives of Indian Olympic
association.

Ans. Indian Olympic Association was established in 1927 sir

Dorabji Tata and Dr. Noehren became the founder President and
General Secretary of the International Olympic committee, the
election of the office bearers of the Indian Olympic Association
is held after every four years The council consists of various
members.

(a) President
(b) Vice President-9
(c) Joint secretaries-6
(d) Secretary General-1
Executive Members: One honorary Treasurer, seven
representative of state Olympic association and
twelve representatives national sports federations.

Objective of Indian Olympic Association:

The main objectives of Indian Olympic Association
are:
(1) Enforcement of all rule and regulations of
international Olympic committee and in Indian
Olympic association.
(2) Development and promotion of the Olympic
movement.