GARDEN DESIGN OF

ENGLAND
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
PRESENTED BY :- HARSH VERMA

B.ARCH 5 TH SEM
INTRODUCTION
• GARDEN DESIGN OF ENGLAND ALSO KNOWN AS
ENGLISH LANDSCAPE GARDEN.
• THE ENGLISH GARDEN IS A STYLE OF LANDSCAPE
GARDEN WHICH EMERGED IN ENGLAND IN THE
EARLY 18 TH CENTURY, REPLACING THE MORE
FORMAL, SYMMETRICAL GARDENS TO A
LOOSER, IRREGULAR STYLE.
• THE STYLE WAS INSPIRED BY PAINTINGS.
• THE INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE
STYLE FOREVER CHANGED GARDENING AND
INFLUENCED MANY HOMEOWNERS TO BRING A SENSE
OF NATURE INTO THEIR OWN YARD.
WHY DID THE SHIFT
HAPPENED?
• BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF ENGLISH GARDEN,
NATURE WAS VIEWED AS DANGEROUS AND
CRANKY.
• THE ENGLISH GARDEN COMPLETELY
CHANGED THIS VIEW TO APPRECIATE AND VALUE
THE NATURAL WORLD.
BEFORE FRENCH GARDEN LAYOUT
ENGLISH
GARDEN

DUTCH GARDEN LAYOUT

MAIN FEATURES

• LAKE
THERE WAS ALWAYS A LAKE IN THE
ENGLISH GARDENS, MOST WERE MAN-
MADE BUT ALL APPEARED TO BE NATURAL
FORMING BASINS. THEIR EDGES WERE
MEANDERING AND IRREGULAR AND OFTEN
HAD PATHWAYS WEAVING THROUGH THE
TRESS AND CLOSE TO THE WATER'S EDGE.
MAIN FEATURES

• ROLLING LAWNS
TOPOGRAPHY ALLOW FOR SURPRISES AS
YOU COMING AROUND MOUNDS OR
NICHES. EVEN IF YOU CREATE A SMALL
MOUNDING AREA, THIS REPRESENTS
NATURE BETTER THAN A COMPLETELY
LEVELED LANDSCAPE.
MAIN FEATURES

• TREE GROVES
THESE WERE SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE
LANDSCAPE WITH PATHS THAT ALLOWED
THE GARDEN USERS TO WANDER IN AND
OUT OF THE GROVES AND PROVIDE A VIEW
OF ROLLING LAWNS AGAINST MASS TREE
PLANTINGS.
MAIN FEATURES

• SCULPTURE
IT WAS ENTIRELY DIFFERENT THAN
PREVIOUS GARDEN ART. PART OF THE
ENGLISH LANDSCAPE IDEALS WAS TO
PROVIDE VIEWS FROM A DISTANCE OF
CLASSIC DETAILED ARCHITECTURE AND
RUINS.
MAIN FEATURES

• HA-HA WALL
IT WAS A TYPE OF WALL USED TO PREVENT
ANIMALS FROM ENTERING TOO CLOSE TO
THE HOUSE WITHOUT OSTRUCTING THE
VIEW OF THE COUNTRYSIDE.
MAIN FEATURES

• GROTTOS
THESE WERE USED AS ROMANTIC
HIDEOUTS. THEY WERE MAN MADE BUT
BUILD TO RESEMBLE A DARK NATURAL
FORMING CAVE.
MAIN FEATURES

• RECREATIONS OF CLASSIC
BUILDINGS
CALSSICAL BUILDINGS THAT REFLECTS
THERE ARCHITECTURAL STYLES WERE
INCLUDED IN ENGLISH GARDENS. THE
CLASSICAL BUILDINGS ARE GENRALLY
FOCUSED OR EMPHASISED IN THESE
GARDENS BY BUILDING THEM ON
PLATFORMS.
MAIN FEATURES

• RUINS
INTACT STRUCTURES THAT HAVE FALLEN
INTO A STATE OF PARTIAL OR TOTAL
SIREPAIR OVER A TIME PERIOD DUE TO
LACK OF MAINTENANCE AND NATURAL
PHENOMENONS ARE SEEN IN THESE TYPES
OF GARDENS.
MAIN FEATURES

• BRIDGES
BRIDGES MADE UP OF STONE OVER LAKES
AND PONDS ARE SEEN IN THESE GARDENS.
MAIN FEATURES

• NATURAL STONE
NATURAL STONES ARE USED TO BUILD
WALLS, SEPRATE DIFFERENT SPACES AND
TO MAKE BOUNDARIES. THIS PROMOTES
NATURE AND ROUGHNESS.
MAIN FEATURES

• COBBLESTONE
COBBLESTONE IS USED IN WALKWAYS AND
PATHS.
MAIN FEATURES

• WATTLE EDGING AND

PANNELS
WATTLE IS MADE BY WEAVING FLEXIBLE
BRANCHES AROUND UPRIGHT STAKES TO
FORM A WOVEN LATTICE. ALL THE FENCES
AND BOUNDARIES ARE FORMED BY
WATTLE.
MAIN FEATURES

• BEE SKEP
BEE SKEPS ARE MAN MADE BEEHIVE USED
TO HARVEST HONEY AND BEESWAX. THEY
ARE ARTIFICIAL HOMES OF BEES.
LANDSCAPING
ASPECTS
o SYMMETRY AND PATHS
IT'S A GARDEN DESIGN SHAPES THAT GIVE
IT A CLASSICAL ENGLISH LOOK. THESE
SHAPES ARE CREATED USING FEATURES
LIKE HARDSCAPING PATHS, RETAINING
WALLS, FLOWER BEDS AND HEDGES.
TO ACHIEVE A NEAT STRUCTURE EITHER
CURVES AND STRAIGHT LINES ARE USED.
LANDSCAPING
ASPECTS
o PERENNIALS AND ANNUALS
FOR PERENNIALS LUPINE, VERONICA, HYDRANGEA
AND BEE BALM REFLECTS ENGLISH STYLE.
FOR ANNUALS; COSMOS, MARIGOLDS, DAISIES AND
ZINNIAS ARE USED TO REFLECT THIS STYLE.
FOR A WILD AND RUSTIC COTTAGE GARDEN, AN
ABUNDANCE OF WILDFLOWERS IS USED.
COMBINING DIFFERENT VARIETIES TO MAKE BOLD
STATEMENTS AND BRING TOGETHER CONTRASTING
HUES, AND USING SHRUBS TO DEFINE DIFFERENT
AREAS OF THE GARDEN.
LANDSCAPING
ASPECTS
o ENTRYWAYS AND EDIBLES
INVITING ENTRYWAYS USING STRUCTURES
LIKE PICKET FENCES AND GATES, VINE-
COVERED ARBORS, AND ARCHES
OVERGROWN WITH ROSES. SECOND THERE
IS A KITCHEN GARDEN FILLED WITH HERBS
AND EDIBLES LIKE MINT, ROSEMARY,
LETTUCE, AND BEANS.
A QUIET PLACE TO SIT AND RELAX WITHIN
YOUR TRADITIONAL ENGLISH GARDEN.
LANDSCAPING
ASPECTS
o SHAPES
AN ENGLISH GARDEN HAVE FLOWER BEDS
PLANTED IN RIOTOUS COMBINATIONS,
THOSE BEDS ARE USUALLY BORDERED BY
NEATLY SHAPED HEDGES AND BORDERS
WITH CLEAR GEOMETRICAL SHAPES. LIVING
PLANT BORDERS ARE USED TO CREATE
"ROOMS" AS WELL AS VISUAL PATHWAYS,
GUIDING THE EYE TO KEY FOCAL POINTS.
LANDSCAPING
ASPECTS
o ROSES
MOST ENGLISH GARDENERS ARE VERY
PROUD OF THEIR ROSES, EVEN ENTERING
THEM IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL CONTESTS.
WILD ENGLISH CLIMBING ROSES ARE AS
POPULAR AS PRIM AND PRECISELY PRUNED
ROSE TREES.
CASE STUDIES
ROUSHAM
HOUSE
• ROUSHAM HOUSE IN OXFORDSHIRE IS
CONSIDERED BY SOME AS THE MOST
ACCOMPLISHED AND SIGNIFICANT OF WILLIAM
KENT'S WORK.
• THE PATRON WAS GENERAL DORMER, WHO
COMMISSIONED BRIDGEMAN TO BEGIN THE
GARDEN IN 1727. BUT THEN BROUGHT IN KENT
TO RECREATE IT IN 1737
• HE HAS USED A STATUE OF APOLLO INSIDE THE
GARDEN, DEPICTING A THEATRE PLAY THAT HOW
A GROOVE OF TREES DRAWS THE EYE ON THE
STATUTE.
• TO ACHIEVE A PAINTLY EFFECT KENT
INSTRUCTED HIS GARDENER TO USE DARK
COLOURS OF EVERGREEN TREES.
ROUSHAM
HOUSE
OTHER FEATURES
• TO CREATE THE ILLUSION OF UNBROKEN
LANDSCAPE SEVERAL TECHNIQUE IS
USED. ONE OF THOSE TECHNIQUE IS HA-
HA WALL. A WALL THAT SEPARATES
GARDEN FROM GRAZING LAND, BEING
INVISIBLE FROM A DISTANCE. BY WHICH
CATTLE COULD BE KEPT SEPARATED
WITHOUT THE USE OF HEDGES
OR FENCES.
• EXTENDED THE VIEWS INTO THE
DISTANCE BY DESIGNING A GOTHIC
STYLE ALTERATION TO AN OLD MILL ON
THE OTHER SIDE OF RIVER.
ROUSHAM
HOUSE
• HIGH UP IN THE HILL HE CREATED A LARGE
TRIPLE ARCH ARCHITECTURAL FOLLY
CALLED THE EYE- CATCHER. IT WAS MADE
ON PURPOSE TO DIRECT THE VIEW
TOWARDS THE FIELD ABOVE THE GARDEN.
• FROM THE SEAT HE HAS DESIGNED AND
SCATTERED THROUGHOUT HIS GARDENS
AND RUSTIC SEAT PROVIDE THE VIEW OF
GARDEN TO WATCH THE RIVER FLOW
BENEATH THE STONE BRIDGE.
• SPECTACULAR GATES, ENTRANCES ON
THE PERIMETER OF THE LAND OWNER
HOLDINGS.
• A FOUNTAIN WHICH WENT UP AS LONG
AS 50 FEET IN AIR.
TRENTHAM
GARDENS
• At the heart of Trentham Gardens is the
spectacular, mile-long, Trentham Lake.
Studded with small islands the Lake is alive
with the sights and sounds of a wonderful
array of wildlife. The circular lakeside walk
takes in views of the River Trent.
• FOUNTAIN IN THE MID OF
THE GARDEN ACTS AS AN
EMPHASISING POINT.
• LARGE SCULPTURES ARE USED TO
DEPICT DIFFERENT STORIES.
TRENTHAM
GARDENS
• OTHER ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES
BALANCE
SYMMETRY
UNITY
RYTHM