SOURCE:ALAMY.

COM
GARDEN MAY BE CONSIDERED AS AESTHETIC EXPRESSIONS OF
BEAUTY THROUGH ART AND NATURE, A DISPLAY OF TASTE OR
STYLE IN CIVILIZED LIFE, AN EXPRESSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S
OR CULTURE'S PHILOSOPHY, AND SOMETIMES AS A DISPLAY OF
PRIVATE STATUS OR NATIONAL PRIDE—IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
LANDSCAPES.

GARDENS WERE A FUNDAMENTAL FEATURE OF THE CLASSICAL

WORLD.

IN ANCIENT GREECE, WHILE GARDENS WERE NOT INCLUDED WITHIN

HOUSES, SACRED GROVES AND PLANTS, ESPECIALLY TREES, WERE
EVER-PRESENT ELEMENTS OF THE GREEK LANDSCAPE THROUGHOUT
ANTIQUITY.

THE ROMANS HAD THE MOST DIVERSE GARDEN TRADITION IN THE

ANCIENT WORLD, AND IT INCLUDED DOMESTIC, VILLA, AND
PALATIAL GARDENS AS WELL AS PUBLIC PARKS AND GARDENS
ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPLES OR SANCTUARIES. A RICH TRADITION
OF GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE PAINTING ALSO EXISTED.

SOURCE: HTTPs://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/
 GREEK GARDENS COMMON FEATURES.
• TAMED WILD LANDSCAPES
• STONES AND BRICKS ARE FAMILIAR CHARACTERS OF GREEK GARDENS. SMOOTH
STONES ARE PREFERRED OVER ROUGH RUSTIC ONES. IT IS COMMONPLACE TO
ALLOW GRASS OR GROUNDCOVER INFILTRATE THE CRACKS IN BRICK PATHWAYS.
• WATER IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT FEATURE OF GREEK GARDEN STYLES.
• ORDERLY PLACES SCULPTURES, COLONNADES, STATUES.
• RICH AND COLORFUL BURST OF FLORAL SACRED LANDSCAPE.

SOME RECORDED TYPES OF GARDEN IN GREECE

HERRON - THE MEMORIAL GARDEN - GROVE,
PLANTED ON THE SPOT OF THE BURIAL OF A HERO.
GARDENS HAD A RACETRACK, A HIPPODROME
(STADIUM FOR HORSE CHARIOT RACING).

SOURCE:GREENMYLIFE.COM,HTTP://WWW.AUTHORSTREAM.COM/
PHILOSOPHICAL GARDENS WERE CREATED SPECIALLY SO THAT PHILOSOPHICAL
CONVERSATIONS COULD BE CONDUCTED IN THEM. ON THE TERRACES WERE CREATED
STRAIGHT, WIDE ALLEYS WITH SPACE FOR SPORTS, STATUES, VASES AND
FOUNTAINS.
THE PUBLIC GARDEN APPEARED IN THE V B.C. AND WAS LOCATED IN THE
MAIN AREA OF THE CITY NEAR TEMPLES AND FOUNTAINS.
THE PRIVATE GARDENS OF PROSPEROUS OWNERS MOST FREQUENTLY BORE AN
EXCEPTIONALLY UTILITARIAN NATURE.
NYMPH - SACRED OAK, CEDAR OR OLIVE GROVE LOCATED IN CENTER OF AN
ARTISTIC WATER SOURCE OR GROTTO WITH A REGULAR PLANNING STYLE. OVER
TIME NEW DECORATIONS SUCH AS COLUMNS AND SCULPTURES APPEARED AND
ENRICHED THE NYMPHS
PLEASURE GARDENS WERE CREATED FOR THE ARISTOCRACY
IN THE GARDENS THE GREEKS WIDELY USED CYPRESSES, FIR TREES, OAKS,
SYCAMORES, PALMS, OLIVE TREES
GREEK GARDEN PLANTS: CRAPE MYRTLES, GREEK OREGANO, ROSEMARY, EUPHORBIA,
SUCCULENTS AND DROUGHT-RESISTANT PERENNIALS ,EVERGREENS, LAVENDER,
OLEANDER, OLIVE ,POPPY, SAGE.
• ROMAN GARDEN HAD BASIC PARTS TO THEM: A PATIO AT THE ENTRANCE, A
TERRACE, AN ORCHARD OR VINEYARD, SEVERAL WATER FEATURES, A KITCHEN
GARDEN, SHRINES OR GROTTOES AND OTHER DECORATIONS THAT WOULD
PERSONALIZE THE GARDEN TOUR.
• THE PATIO WOULD NORMALLY BE DECORATED WITH OUTSIDE GARDEN FURNITURE,
A WATER BASIN OR FOUNTAIN, AND BE THE STARTING POINT OF A WALK THAT
WOULD SHOW OFF ALL THE FEATURES OF THE GARDEN.
• PERISTYLE DENOTES A TYPE OF OPEN COURTYARD,WHICH IS SURROUNDED BY
WALLS OF COLUMNS SUPPORTING A PORTICO.
• THE XYSTUS OFTEN OVERLOOKED A LOWER GARDEN.
• THE AMBULATION BORDERED A VARIETY OF FLOWERS, TREES, AND OTHER
FOLIAGE, AND IT SERVED AS AN IDEAL PLACE FOR A LEISURELY STROLL AFTER
A MEAL, CONVERSATION, OR OTHER RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.
• THE GESTATION WAS A SHADED AVENUE WHERE THE MASTER OF THE HOUSE COULD
RIDE HORSEBACK OR BE CARRIED BY HIS SLAVES.

SOURCE: HTTPs://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/, http://penelope.uchicago.edu/

SACRED GROVES ARE CONNECTED WITH RELIGION. AS IN GREECE THEIR TERRITORY
WAS OCCUPIED WITH SMALL TEMPLES, WATER SOURCES, CHAPELS AND ALTARS.
URBAN PUBLIC GARDENS - THE EMPEROR BUILT THESE GARDENS AROUND PUBLIC
BUILDINGS LIKE THEATRES AND THERMS
URBAN PRIVATE GARDENS - WERE INSIGNIFICANT AND WERE ADDED AFTER THE
PLANNING OF THE HOUSE.
GARDENS IN VILLAS AND PALACES – THEY HAD DIFFERENT PURPOSES FROM THE
PURELY ECONOMIC TO ENTERTAINMENT.
HIPPODROME GARDENS - THE ROMANS BORROWED THIS IDEA FROM THE GREEKS.
HIPPODROME GARDENS HAD A LAWN WITH FLOWERS, FRAMED BY ALLEYS AND
TRIMMED SHRUBS. SHRUB AND TREE COMPOSITIONS, FLOWER GARDENS, FOUNTAINS
AND GAZEBOS WERE ALSO PLACED ON THE EDGES. THE EMPTY SPACE IN THE
CENTER GAVE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR OBSERVATION.

POPULAR PLANTS FOUND IN A TYPICAL ROMAN GARDEN WERE ROSES, CYPRESS,

ROSEMARY, AND MULBERRY TREES AND VARIETY OF DWARF TREES, TALL TREES,
MARIGOLDS, HYACINTHS, NARCISSI, VIOLETS, SAFFRON, CASSIA, AND THYME.
• THE GARDENS OF THE VILLA LANTE FEATURE CASCADES, FOUNTAINS AND
DRIPPING GROTTOES.
• THE QUADRATO IS A PERFECTLY SQUARE PARTERRE.
• THE TWIN CASINI STAND ON ONE SIDE, ON THE REMAINING THREE SIDES THE
GARDEN IS ENCLOSED BY HIGH BOX HEDGES.
• IN THE CENTRE, LOW BOX IS SCULPTED AND FORMED INTO DECORATIVE
PATTERNS AROUND SMALL FOUNTAINS AND SCULPTURES.
• THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS PARTERRE IS THE COMPLEX FOUNTAIN AT ITS
CENTRE, FORMED OF FOUR BASINS, SEPARATED BY PARAPETED WALKS, THE
PARAPETS DECORATED WITH STONE PINEAPPLES AND URNS THAT INTERSECT THE
WATER.
• AT THE HEART OF THE COMPLEX, A CENTER BASIN CONTAINS THE "FONTANA DEI
MORI" BY GIAMBOLOGNA: FOUR LIFE-SIZED MOORS STAND SQUARE AROUND TWO
LIONS; THEY HOLD HIGH THE HERALDIC MOUNTAIN SURMOUNTED BY THE STAR
SHAPED FOUNTAIN JET, THE MONTALTO COAT OF ARMS. THIS IS THE FOCAL
POINT OF THIS UNUSUAL COMPOSITION OF CASINI AND PARTERRE.

SOURCE: HTTPs://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/, http://penelope.uchicago.edu/