Chapter 6 - Measurements

College Prep Essential Math Chapter 6: Measurements
CHAPTER 6: MEASUREMENTS
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
 Identify terms used in measurement in both metric and U.S. customary
systems
 Distinguish between 1, 2, and 3 dimensional measures.
 Convert U.S. customary unit measures.
 Convert between U.S. and metric systems.
 Solve applications of unit measurements.
Contents
CHAPTER 6: MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................... 1
SECTION 6.1 MEASUREMENT .................................................................................. 2
A. U.S. CUSTOMARY SYSTEM ......................................................................... 2
I. Weight............................................................................................................. 2
II. Length.......................................................................................................... 3
III. Area ............................................................................................................. 5
IV. Volume ........................................................................................................ 6
B. METRIC SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 9
I. Weight............................................................................................................. 9
II. Length.......................................................................................................... 9
C. REVIEWING U.S. CUSTOMARY SYSTEM AND METRIC SYSTEM ........... 12
EXERCISES........................................................................................................... 13
SECTION 6.2 CONVERSIONS ................................................................................. 14
A. CONVERT U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS ......................................................... 14
B. CONVERT METRIC UNITS .......................................................................... 17
C. CONVERT BETWEEN U.S. AND METRIC SYSTEMS ................................ 21
EXERCISES........................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER REVIEW .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1
SECTION 6.1 MEASUREMENT
We can measure different attributes of an object. Think about a desk. You can measure
how high it is off the ground, how wide the seat is, the area of the desktop, and the space
it takes up in the room. You can measure many things like length, area, volume, and
weight.
In the United States, two main systems of measurement are used: the metric system
and the U.S. customary measurement system. The U.S. Customary System is derived
from the British system of measure and will be familiar to you. The Metric system is more
commonly used around the world.
A. U.S. CUSTOMARY SYSTEM
I. Weight
When you mention how heavy or light an object is, you are referring to its weight. The
tables below list common units of measurement for weight for the U.S. Customary
System.
U.S. Customary Measurement
Ounces (𝑜𝑧)
Pounds (𝑙𝑏)
Tons (𝑡)
The table below describes a unit of weight and provides an example to illustrate the size
of the unit of measurement.
Ton Some species of whales can reach weights of up to 200 tons.
Meat is a product that is usually sold by the pound. One pound of beef
Pound
makes about four hamburger patties.
Ounces are used to measure lighter objects. A stack of 11 pennies is

Ounces
equal to about one ounce.
2
Media Lesson
U.S. Customary Units: Weight (Duration 3:39)
View the video lesson, take notes below.
Unit Items that could be measured in this unit.
Pounds
Ounces
Tons
It is important to note there are different types of tons. You might have heard about the
small ton and the long ton. The small ton refers to the U.S. Customary ton. The long ton
is the British ton. The U.S. Customary ton is 2,000 pounds while the British ton is 2,240
pounds. The metric ton is called the tonne. It is 1,000 kilograms. In this chapter we will
use the small ton.
YOU TRY:
a) Determine what units would be appropriate to use to measure the following weights.
Item U.S. Customary Unit

The weight of an elephant
The weight of bananas
The weight of a lipstick
II. Length
Length can be thought of as the distance between two points.

The table below lists common units of measurement of length for the U.S. Customary
System.

Inches (𝑖𝑛)
Foot (𝑓𝑡)
Yard (𝑦𝑑)
Mile (𝑚)
3
The table below describes a unit of length and provides an example to illustrate the size
of the unit of measurement.
Some people donate their hair to be made into wigs for cancer patients who
Inches have lost hair as a result of treatment. One company requires hair donation
to be at least 8 inches long.
Feet The length of your bed, couch, and table can be measured in feet.
Soccer fields vary in their size. An official field can be any length between
Yards
100 and 130 yards.
Miles A marathon is 26.2 miles long.
Media Lesson
U.S. Customary Units: Distance (Duration 5:10)

Feet
Inches
Yard
Mile
YOU TRY:
b) Determine what units would be appropriate to measure the following lengths.

The distance from home to campus
The height of a water bottle
The length of an ant
4
III. Area
Area is the amount of space within the boundaries of a 2-dimensional shape. The table
below lists common units of measurement for area.
square inches (𝒊𝒏𝟐 )

(a square that has 1-inch long sides)
square feet (𝒇𝒕𝟐 )

(a square that has 1-foot long sides)
square yard (𝒚𝒅𝟐 )

(a square that has 1-yard long sides)
The table below describes a unit of area and provides an example to illustrate the size of
the unit of measurement.
A quarter is about 1 inch wide. Imagine drawing a square around a

Square inch
quarter. That square would be about the size of 1 square inch.
Square feet The front of your school binder has an area close to 1 square foot.
Poster papers are 2 feet by 3 feet. They are a little less than 1 square
Square yard
yard.
The unit you use to measure area depends on the unit you would use to measure the
length of your object. A tile has sides you would measure in inches, so its area would be
measured in square inches.
YOU TRY:
c) What units would be appropriate to use to measure the following?
The floor of your living room
The area of a sheet of paper
The area of a post-it note
The lot size of your home
5
IV. Volume
Volume is the space taken up by a 3-dimensional object. The table below lists common
units of measurement.

Teaspoon
Table spoon
Fluid Ounce (𝑓𝑙 𝑜𝑧)
Cup (𝑐)
Pint (𝑝𝑡)
Quart (𝑞𝑡)
Gallon (𝑔)
Cubic inch (𝑖𝑛3 )
(a cube that has 1-inch long sides)
The table below describes each unit of volume and provides an example to illustrate the
size of the unit of measurement.
Fluid Ounce The amount of liquid medicine is often measured in fluid ounces.
Cup The volume of a measuring cup is one cup.
Pint Cartons of ice cream are often measured in pints.
Quart You often see quarts of milk sold in supermarkets.
Gallon Gas is sold by gallons.
Cubic Inch This is about the size of a stack of 15 quarters.
Media Lesson
U.S. Customary Units: Fluid Volume (Duration 7:20)
Teaspoon
Table spoon
Fluid Ounce
6
Cups
Pints
Quarts
Gallon
Example: The table below lists appropriate units of measurement for each item.
The amount of water in a bathtub gallons
The amount of coffee in a cup cups and cubic inches
The amount of fluid in a drop of water ounces
YOU TRY:
a) What units would be appropriate to measure the following?

The amount of water in a pool
The amount of water in a bottle
The amount of fluid in an allergy shot
7
Capacity
1 gallon = 4 quarts = 16 cups
1 quart = 2 pints = 4 cups
1 pint = 2 cups
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces
3 teaspoon = 1 tablespoon
8
B. METRIC SYSTEM
The metric system is more commonly used around the world. You may have heard of
kilograms, centimeters, millimeters, and liters. These are units of the metric system. The
metric system uses three basic units: meters, grams, and liters. The meter is the basic
unit of length. The gram is the basic unit of weight. The liter is the basic unit of volume.
I. Weight
Common units of weight of the Metric System are kilograms, grams, and milligrams.
Media Lesson
Metric System: Units of Weight (Duration 4:25)

Gram
Kilogram
Milligram
YOU TRY:
a) Determine what units would be appropriate to use to measure the following

weights.
Item Metric Unit
The weight of an elephant
The weight of bananas
The weight of a lipstick
II. Length
Common units of length of the Metric System are kilometers, meters, centimeters, and
millimeters.
Media Lesson
Metric System: Units of Distance(Duration 6:55)
Meter
9
Kilometer
Millimeter
YOU TRY:
b) Determine what units would be appropriate to use to measure the following

lengths.
Item Metric Unit

The distance from home to campus
The height of a water bottle
The length of an ant
10
Area
Like the U.S. Customary System units of area in the metric system are square units.
Common units of area of the Metric System are square meters and square centimeters.
If you would measure the length of an object in centimeters, then it’s area would be
measured in square centimeters.
Example:
Item Metric Unit
Surface of a television square centimeters
Area of a fence square meters
The cover of a book square centimeters
YOU TRY:
c) What units would be appropriate to use to measure the following?

The floor of your living room
The area of a sheet of paper
The area of a post-it note
The lot size of your home
Volume
Common units of volume of the metric system are kiloliters, liters, and milliliters. Like the
U.S. Customary System volume can also be measured in cubic units. You could measure
an object in cubic centimeters and cubic meters.
Media Lesson
Metric System: Units of Volume (Duration 4:13)
Liter
Milliliter
Kiloliter
11
YOU TRY:
d) What units would be appropriate to measure the following volumes?
Item Metric Unit

The amount of water in a pool
The amount of water in a bottle
The amount of fluid in an allergy shot
C. REVIEWING U.S. CUSTOMARY SYSTEM AND METRIC SYSTEM

The following table compares units of the Metric System to the U.S. Customary System.
Centimeter A centimeter is a little less than half an inch.
Meter A meter is slightly larger than a yard.
Kilometer A kilometer is about one and half of a mile.
Gram 28 grams is about the same as 1 ounce.
Kilogram A kilogram is a little more than 2 pounds.
Liter A liter is slightly larger than a quart.
4 liters is a little more than 1 gallon.
Media Lesson
U.S. Customary and Metric Units |Ratios, Proportions, Unit, and Rates
(Duration 5:09)
Sort the following units of measurement into two categories: U.S. Customary Units and
Metric Units. Then indicate whether each unit measures length, weight, or volume.
Liter Centimeter
Gallon Cup
Decigram Meter
Millimeter Pound
Foot Inch
Kilogram Ounce
Centiliter Yard
12
EXERCISES
1) Determine what units would be appropriate to use to measure the following
lengths.
Item U.S. Customary Unit Metric Unit
The length of a football field
The height of a textbook
The length of an eyelash
2) For each of the following items, state which U.S. Customary units and which
metric units would be the most appropriate.
a. The weight of a dog
b. The distance from Phoenix to Lost Angeles
c. The area of foundation of a house
d. The length of a lady bug
3) Determine whether the following describe length, area, or volume.

a. The diagonal of a television
b. The screen of a television
c. The bottom surface of a mug
d. The amount of coffee that a mug will hold
4) Which of the following sets of three units are all metric measurements of length?
a. Inch, foot, yard
b. Kilometer, centimeter, millimeter
c. Kilogram, gram, milligram
d. Kilometer, foot, meter
5) Which of the following sets of three units are all measurements of volume?
a. Inch, foot, yard
b. square inches, square feet, square yards
c. cubic inch, cubic feet, liters
d. gram, pound, ounce
13
SECTION 6.2 CONVERSIONS
A. CONVERT U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS

Sometimes we know a measurement in a particular unit, but we are interested in the value
of the measurement in a different unit. Suppose we know that the length of a table is 7ft,
but we want to know what the value of the measurement is in inches. The process of
converting a measurement from one unit to another is called unit conversion.
The table below shows some equivalencies between units.
U.S. System Units Conversions

Length Volume
1 ft = 12 in 1 c = 8 oz
1 yd = 3 ft 1 pt = 2 c
1 mi = 5,280 ft 1 qt = 2 pt
1 qt = 32 oz
1 gal = 4 qt
Weight Time
1 lb = 16 oz 1 min = 60 sec
1 ton = 2,000 lb 1 hr = 60 min
1 day = 24 hr
1 wk = 7 days
1 yr = 52 wk
1 yr = 12 mo
1 yr = 365 days
To convert between units of measure we will be multiplying by a conversion factor

written in fraction form. Conversion factors come from the equivalencies in the table. We
write our conversion factors with the units we want to convert in the denominator. When
we multiply by this conversion factor the units divide out and leave us with a new unit.
Example: Convert 7ft to inches
Looking at our table we see
1 𝑓𝑡 = 12 𝑖𝑛
We write this equivalency in fraction form. Since we are converting 7 ft, feet will be in
the denominator.
12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
1 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡
Once you have a conversion factor you will multiply 7 ft by it. Note, you can write 7ft as
a fraction.
7 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 84 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
× = = 84 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
1 1 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 1
14
7 feet is multiplied by the numerator of 12 inches and is then divided by the denominator
of 1 foot. The unit of feet is divided out and we are left with inches.
Media Lesson
Single Step Unit Conversion (US Standard – Unit Fractions)
(Duration 4:18)
View the video lesson, take notes and complete the problems below.
a. 4 lb = _________ oz
b. 10 yd = _________ ft
c. 2.4 pt = _________ c
Media Lesson
Converting Between Different Units of Weight in Standard or American
System (Duration 2:32)
Convert the measurement. Round to the nearest tenth if needed.
240 oz = _________ lbs
3 T = _________ lbs = _________ oz
YOU TRY:
Find the conversions below.

e) 4 pounds to ounces f) 10 yards to feet
15
Sometimes converting from one unit to another may have several steps. We will need to
use several conversion factors.
Example: Convert 66 inches to yards.
We do not have an equivalency between inches and yards. We will first need to convert
inches to feet and then convert our feet to yards.
1 𝑓𝑡 = 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 Use these equivalencies for the conversion factors.
1 𝑦𝑑 = 3 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
66 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑦𝑑 Cancel out units.

× ×
1 12 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡
66 × 1 × 3 𝑦𝑑 Multiply.
1 × 12 × 1
198 𝑦𝑑 Simplify.
12
16.5 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
66 inches is 16.5 yards.
Media Lesson
Multi-Step Conversions (US Standard – Unit Fractions) (Duration 4:48)
Some conversions require more than one step. See how the single-step conversion
process is expanded in each of the following examples.
a) How many minutes are in a week?
b) Bryan needs 10 cups of fruit juice to make Sangria. How many quarts of juice
should he buy at the grocery store?
16
YOU TRY:
Find the conversions below.

g) 9 weeks to minutes
h) 250,00 miles to yards
B. CONVERT METRIC UNITS
Convert Using Prefixes

In the metric system, units are related by powers of 10. The root names reflect this
relation. For example the basic unit for measuring length is the meter. One kilometer is
1
1,000 meters. The prefix kilo- means thousand. One centimeter is 100 of a meter. The
prefix centi - means one-hundredth. This makes conversions easy in the metric system.
The table below shows the relationship between different units.
17
Metric Chart
KILO HECTO DEKA DECI CENTI MILLI
1,000 100 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 10 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 Base . 1 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 . 01 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 . 001
× 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 Unit × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Kilometer Hectometer Dekameter Meter Decimeter Centimeter Millimeter
(km) (hm) (dam) (m) (dm) (cm) (mm)
Kiloliter Hectoliter Dekaliter Liter (l) Deciliter Centiliter Milliliter
(kl) (hl) (dal) (dl) (cl) (ml)
Kilogram Hectogram Dekagram Gram (g) Decigram Centigram Milligram
(kg) (hg) (dag) (dg) (cg) (mg)
It is better to remember the relationships between the prefixes and the base unit. These
relationships will help us convert to different units just by moving our decimal point.
Metric Chart
1,000 100 10 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 Base Unit . 1 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 . 01 . 001
× 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Example: Nick ran a 10-kilometer race. How many meters did he run?
Looking at the table we see km is 3 spaces away from our base unit of meters.
We will move the decimal point by 3 decimal spaces in the same direction to convert to
meters.
Nick ran 10,000 meters.
18
Media Lesson
Examples: Converting Between Metric Units (Duration 4:30)
Metric Chart
1,000 100 10 Base Unit .1 . 01 . 001
Convert the measurement.

4 m = __________________ cm
2.5 mm = __________________ m
250 ml = __________________ kl
1.25 kg = __________________ g
YOU TRY:
Convert the metric units.
i) 4,200 g = __________________ mg
j) 320 ml __________________l
k) 1.2 kg = __________________ mg
Convert Using Conversion Factors

The table below lists some equivalencies. We can use these equivalencies to convert
between metric units like we did for the U.S. system of measurement.
Metric Conversions
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 meter = 100 centimeters
1 kilometer = 1,000 meters
19
Let us revisit the example from before.

Example: Nick ran a 10-kilometer race. How many meters did he run?
Based on the table 1 kilometer is 1,000 meters.
1 𝑘𝑚 = 1,000 𝑚 Use this equivalency for the conversion factor.
10 𝑘𝑚 1,000 𝑚 Cancel out units.

×
1 1 𝑘𝑚
10 × 1,000 𝑚 Multiply.
1
10,000 𝑚 Simplify.
1
10,000 𝑚
Nick rand 10,000 meters.
Media Lesson
Introduction to Metric Conversions (Duration 8:30)
a. 4,200 g = __________________ mg
b. 45 cm = __________________ m
c. 7,236,137 ml = __________________ kl
20
YOU TRY:
Use conversion factors to convert the metric units.

l) 3,200 g to kilograms
m) Herman bought a rug 2.5 meters in length. How long is that in centimeters?
C. CONVERT BETWEEN U.S. AND METRIC SYSTEMS

Although the U.S. relies heavily on our standard measurement system, we do use some
metric units. Therefore, we need to know how to move back and forth between the
systems. We will use conversion factors to achieve this process.
A table of some common U.S./Metric conversions are below. Note that many of these
conversions are approximations.
Length Weight Volume
1 mi = 1.61 km 1 kg = 2.2 lb 1 L = 1.1 qt
1 yd = 0.9 m 1 g = 0.04 oz 1 gal = 3.8 L
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 L = 2.1 pt
0.621 mi = 1 km 0.424 kg = 1 lb 1 cubic yd = 0.76 cubic m
1.094 yd = 1 m 1 oz = 28.3 g 1 cubic in = 16.4 cubic cm
0.394 in = 1 cm
Like before we will convert between units using conversion factors.
21
Media Lesson
Examples: Convert Lengths Between the Standard and Metric System
(Duration 2:36)
16 in ≈ __________________ cm
25 m ≈ __________________ ft
Media Lesson
Examples: Convert Weight Between the Standard and Metric System
(Duration 3:21)

180 𝑙𝑏𝑠 ≈ _____________𝑘𝑔
12 𝑘𝑔 ≈ _____________𝑜𝑧
22
YOU TRY:
Find the conversions below. Round to the hundredths place.
n) 10 kilometers to miles o) Express 2 liters in terms of quarts.
23
EXERCISES
In the following exercises, convert the U.S. Customary Units.
1) A park bench is 6 feet long. 2) A floor tile is 2 feet wide. Convert
Convert the length to inches. the width to inches.
3) Carson is 45 inches tall. Convert 4) Jon is 6 feet 4 inches tall. Convert

his height to feet. his height to inches.
5) An empty bus weighs 35,000 1

6) Rocco waited 1 2 hours for his
pounds. Convert the weight to
appointment. Convert the time to
tons.
seconds.
24
7) Crista will serve 20 cups of juice at 8) April’s dog, Beans, weighs 8

her son’s party. Convert the pounds. Convert his weight to
volume to gallons. ounces.
In the following exercises, convert the Metric Units. Use the method you prefer.
9) Ghalib ran 5 kilometers. Convert 10) A bottle of wine contained 750
the length to meters. milliliters. Convert this to liters.
11) The width of the wading pool is 12) Mount Whitney is 3,072 meters
2.45 meters. Convert the width to tall. Convert the height to
centimeters. kilometers.
13) June’s multivitamin contains 1,500 14) A typical ruby-throated

milligrams of calcium. Convert to hummingbird weighs 3 grams.
grams. Convert this to milligrams.
15) One serving of gourmet ice ream 16) A bottle of medicine contained
has 25 grams of fat. Convert this to 300 milliliters. Convert to liters.
milligrams.
25
In the following exercises, convert the U.S. and Metric System. Round answers to the
hundredths place.
17) Bill is 75 inches tall. Convert his 18) A 5K run is 5 kilometers long.
height to centimeters. Convert this length to miles.
19) Jackson’s backpack weighs 15 20) Each American throws out an

kilograms. Convert the weight to average of 1,650 pounds of
pounds. garbage per year. Convert this
weight to kilograms.
21) Ozzie put 14 gallons of gas in his 22) A planter holds 1.5 liters of soil.
truck. Convert the volume to liters. Convert this to gallons.
26
Online Quiz
Log on to Canvas to take the section quiz
Directions: It is very useful to save your math exercise work and use it as a chapter
test review when you study for your chapter test and final.
1) Write each question on the screen down to for your record
2) Solve the problem step by step below each question
3) Double check your work to see whether your answer make sense
4) Enter your answer in the answer box in Canvas. Make sure you click on the
“Preview” button to make sure you enter the right format before you submit your
answer. If you are not sure how to enter your answer with the correct format, ask
your instructor.
5) If you did not answer the question correctly, solve the question again from the
beginning below your 1st attempt. Sometimes, it is better to start a problem again
from the beginning and compare your steps with your 1st attempt to figure out your
mistake.
6) Insert your work at the end of each section in your workbook so that you can use it
to study for your chapter test later.
27

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Chapter 6 - Measurements

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College Prep Essential Math Chapter 6: Measurements

SECTION 6.1 MEASUREMENT

U.S. Customary Measurement

Ton Some species of whales can reach weights of up to 200 tons.

Ounces are used to measure lighter objects. A stack of 11 pennies is

Unit Items that could be measured in this unit.

Item U.S. Customary Unit

Length can be thought of as the distance between two points.

U.S. Customary Measurement

Miles A marathon is 26.2 miles long.

Unit Items that could be measured in this unit.

b) Determine what units would be appropriate to measure the following lengths.

Item U.S. Customary Unit

U.S. Customary Measurement

square inches (𝒊𝒏𝟐 )

square feet (𝒇𝒕𝟐 )

square yard (𝒚𝒅𝟐 )

A quarter is about 1 inch wide. Imagine drawing a square around a

c) What units would be appropriate to use to measure the following?

Item U.S. Customary Unit

The floor of your living room

The area of a sheet of paper

The area of a post-it note

The lot size of your home

U.S. Customary Measurement

Fluid Ounce (𝑓𝑙 𝑜𝑧)

Cup The volume of a measuring cup is one cup.

Pint Cartons of ice cream are often measured in pints.

Quart You often see quarts of milk sold in supermarkets.

Gallon Gas is sold by gallons.

Cubic Inch This is about the size of a stack of 15 quarters.

a) What units would be appropriate to measure the following?

Item U.S. Customary Unit

Unit Items that could be measured in this unit.

a) Determine what units would be appropriate to use to measure the following

b) Determine what units would be appropriate to use to measure the following

Item Metric Unit

c) What units would be appropriate to use to measure the following?

Item U.S. Customary Unit

d) What units would be appropriate to measure the following volumes?

Item Metric Unit

C. REVIEWING U.S. CUSTOMARY SYSTEM AND METRIC SYSTEM

d. The length of a lady bug

3) Determine whether the following describe length, area, or volume.

SECTION 6.2 CONVERSIONS

A. CONVERT U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS

U.S. System Units Conversions

To convert between units of measure we will be multiplying by a conversion factor

3 T = _________ lbs = _________ oz

Find the conversions below.

66 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑦𝑑 Cancel out units.

66 inches is 16.5 yards.

Find the conversions below.

h) 250,00 miles to yards

B. CONVERT METRIC UNITS

Convert Using Prefixes

Nick ran 10,000 meters.

Convert the measurement.

Convert the metric units.

Convert Using Conversion Factors

Let us revisit the example from before.

10 𝑘𝑚 1,000 𝑚 Cancel out units.

Nick rand 10,000 meters.

Use conversion factors to convert the metric units.

3 T = _ lbs = _ oz