Mine: an excavation made in the earth to extract minerals

Mining: the activity, occupation, and industry concerned with

the extraction of minerals. Or Mining is extracting ore or
minerals from the ground

Mining engineering: the practice of applying engineering

principles to the development, planning, operation, closure, and
reclamation of mines
Mineral: a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound
having an orderly internal structure and a characteristic chemical
composition, crystal form, and physical properties

Rock: any naturally formed aggregate of one or more types of

mineral particles

Ore: a mineral deposit that has sufficient utility and value to be

mined at a profit

Gangue: the valueless mineral particles within an ore deposit that

must be discarded

Waste: the material associated with an ore deposit that must be

mined to get at the ore and must then be discarded. Gangue is a
particular type of waste
An evaluation of the samples enables the geologist or
mining engineer to
Calculate the tonnage and grade, or richness, of the mineral deposit
Estimates the mining cost
Evaluates the recovery of the valuable minerals
Determines the environmental costs
Assesses other foreseeable factors

Steps in Surface Mine Reclamation

Drainage control and diversion at disturbed area .
Add or replace topsoil and immediate seeding with rapidly growing .
species, such as
rye grass
After initial grass dies back, permanent species take over. Can use .
as habitat, grazing
Dredge Area Reclamation .

Evaluation of Surface Deposits

The following outline lists the basic factors which must be taken
:into account for evaluation of a prospective surface mine
*Geography
*Legal status of land and mining rights
*Historical, political, and socialogicalfactors
*Geology
*Mining conditions
*Ore treatment requirements
*Economic analysis
Why Choose Surface Mining
Surface mining is often the preference for mining companies. This is
because removing the terrain surface, or overburden, to access the
mineral beneath is often more cost-effective than gouging tunnels
.and subterranean shafts to access minerals underground
This method is often considered safer, as well, and doesn’t require
extensive electricity rigging and water piping
The life cycle steps consist of pit mines from :
•Geological resource, drill samples, ore body models and block
modeling
•Pit optimization
•Physical pit design
•Equipment optimization and requirements
•Production schedule
•Mining cost modeling, mining capex and apex
•Reserve statement