Maximum Crop Yield Prediction through Sensing
and Deep Learning Algorithms
Fazlay Rabby
IEEE ULAB Student Branch
fazlay.rabby.eee@ulab.edu.bd
Description of Team Members:
1. Mumtahina Tasnim Mahi
IEEE ULAB Student Branch
mumtahina.tasnim.eee@ulab.edu.bd
2. Sameer Mahmud
IEEE ULAB Student Branch
sameer.mahmud.cse@ulab.edu.bd
3. Ehasan Ahmed
IEEE ULAB Student Branch
ehasan.ahmed.cse@ulab.edu.bd
Lead PES Chapter / Student Branch Chapter: IEEE ULAB
student Branch.
1. OBJECTIVE
Climate change has been identified as a key issue. It is
affecting the world in an exponential manner and the
agriculture sector is not an exception. As agriculture is an
indispensable part of Bangladesh’s economy it is safe to say
that climate change is going to affect a lot of lives around
Bangladesh considering the effects it has. Due to rising sea
levels it is expected that Bangladesh will lose a significant
portion of its land if climate change is not tackled on time.
So maximum yield of crops is important to keep the food
production of Bangladesh adequate for the population In
order to grasp exposure to the effects of climate change and
the vulnerability of the agriculture sector of Bangladesh, we
are putting forth a system that can be used in response to
these effects, as well as strategies for adapting to the new
environment and Bangladesh's saline-tolerant,
flood-tolerant, and shorter maturity rice and other crop
varieties. By detecting all the field and crop data and using
deep learning to identify the crops that would produce the
highest yields of crops, implementation of this project is
expected to maximize agricultural yield efficiency.
2. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING SIMILAR PROJECTS
Similar studies have been conducted on other nations and
crops of various kinds[1], but in Bangladesh, where there
are frequent natural disasters such as floods, river erosion,
drought, carbon emissions, and climate change, the soil's
characteristics are constantly changing. So while the notion
may be comparable, it is novel to consider developing a
probing device that farmers can use to gather data and help
us anticipate the most productive crop for their land.
3. CHALLENGES
Bangladesh has six seasons and every season has different
beauty and also different disasters. In Bangladesh floods,
famine, drought, earthquake, cyclones, and river erosions.
Beside that Few countries on Earth exemplify the deep
inequity of the climate crisis as Bangladesh. Despite
producing only 0.56% of the global emissions changing our
climate, Bangladesh ranks seventh on the list of countries
most vulnerable to climate devastation, according to
Germanwatch’s 2021 Global Climate Risk Index (CRI). So
the effects of climate change and natural disasters in
Bangladesh are so common. To produce food for the large
population we just have to utilize our fields at its best.
Beside that day by day the soil parameters are changing due
to climate change. So the farmers don't have the proper
knowledge to utilize the fields and crops. So our main
challenge is to
● Make a probe device which is easy to use
for the farmers so that they can send us
the data.
● For the different areas such as saline
areas, flooded areas and drought areas we
need to fix different parameters to know
the soil parameters.
● We have to collect the crop data which
will be good and what is in the markets.
● After any disasters or seasons we need to
analyze the fields and give the farmers
proper education.
4. HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGY ASPECTS
This endeavor may have a substantial impact on agriculture
and food security in places affected by climate change. By
analyzing the parameters of the soil using deep learning
methodologies, farmers can decide what crops to grow and
the best ways to maintain their property. Higher agricultural
yields, better soil, and a reduced demand for harmful
pesticides and fertilizers might result from this. In addition,
utilizing technology, like soil testers, can speed the
procedure and make it accessible to small-scale growers
who might not have access to traditional soil testing
methods. The program may also have economic benefits by
increasing farming profitability and promoting sustainable
agriculture methods.Optimal crop output would boost food
production across the nation, creating additional job
opportunities in the food and agricultural industries. The
influx of people in this sector would strengthen
Bangladesh's agriculture and food industries, further
safeguarding the country's economy and reducing
Bangladesh's reliance on food imports. More jobs will
attract women to this industry, which will have a significant
positive influence on society.
Also, by utilizing deep learning algorithms for crop
prediction and soil analysis[2], the farming sector might
considerably improve its efficiency and accuracy. By
analyzing vast quantities of data and discovering patterns
and correlations, deep learning models may provide crucial
insights about the soil properties and the most suitable crops
to be grown in a particular region.
4.1 NEED ANALYSIS
Doing a need analysis is a crucial initial step in designing
and putting into practice a system that improves agricultural
output forecast utilizing sensing and deep learning
algorithms. It involves identifying the requirements of
farmers and other agricultural stakeholders as well as the
particular challenges and opportunities that the system is
capable of handling.
The following considerations should be made while doing a
requirement analysis for this system:
1. Agriculture's present productivity problems: The
initial step in a requirement analysis is to identify
the problems that farmers and other agricultural
stakeholders are now experiencing. Examples of
this include low crop yields, inefficient resource
use, and high input costs.
2. The requirement analysis should also take into
account areas for improvement, such as the
possibility for greater agricultural yields, better
crop management practices, and lower input prices.
3. Current techniques for acquiring and analyzing
data: It's important to understand the current
techniques used by farmers and other agricultural
stakeholders. Both more advanced technologies
like remote sensing and drones as well as more
traditional methods of data collection, such taking
physical soil samples and weather monitoring, can
be used in this.
4. The needed analysis should also consider the
benefits of a system that maximizes agricultural
yield forecast utilizing sensing and deep learning
algorithms. This may lead to more accurate
projections of agricultural yields, lower labor and
input costs, and more sustainability.
5. Barriers to adoption: The next step in the need
analysis is to identify any impediments to system
adoption, such as cost, a lack of technical expertise,
or concerns about data security and privacy.
By doing a thorough need analysis to better understand the
needs and challenges of the agriculture sector, developers
and stakeholders may develop a system that efficiently and
sustainably serves its demands. This might lead to improved
agricultural productivity, sustainability, and local economic
growth.
4.2 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Any implementation of agricultural technology must require
community participation. Participating in the community
can help to guarantee that a system that uses sensing and
deep learning algorithms to boost crop production forecast
meets the needs and expectations of farmers and other
agricultural stakeholders.
Many important factors for community involvement in the
establishment of such a system are listed below:
1. Determine stakeholders The identification of the
stakeholders who will be affected by the system is
the first step in community participation. This
comprises local stakeholders such as farmers,
agricultural employees, agricultural extension
agents, and others.
2. After the identification of the system's benefits is
the step of benefits communication. This includes
the potential for greater crop yields, improved crop
management strategies, and cheaper input costs.
3. Address any issues that stakeholders may have
with the system, such as ones that have to do with
costs, job displacement risk, or data privacy.
4. To guarantee that stakeholders can use the system
successfully, training and capacity building
initiatives should be made available. This may
involve training on data collection and analysis
procedures as well as how to use the system's
recommendations to improve crop management
practices.
 5. Feedback and assessment: In order to ensure the
system is meeting stakeholders' requirements and
expectations, stakeholders should be solicited for
ongoing feedback and evaluation. Examples of this
include ongoing surveys, focus groups, and other
forms of input.
In order to be successfully implemented, a system that
improves agricultural output forecast through sensing and
deep learning algorithms must, in general, engage the
community. By communicating with stakeholders, resolving
issues, and providing training and assistance, the system can
be successfully adopted into local agricultural practices and
contribute to increasing agricultural output and
sustainability.
4.3 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING
There are other significant players in the agricultural
industry in addition to farmers, such as:
Consumers: Individuals who depend on agricultural goods
for their everyday needs, such as food, fuel, and fiber.
Consumers may be significantly impacted by climate
change's effects on these goods' availability, quality, and
quantity.
Governments: In controlling and promoting agricultural
operations, governments are essential. They assist farmers
with funding, infrastructure, and study in addition to
policies and rules that safeguard the environment and
guarantee the quality of food.
Actors in the agricultural supply chain: These are
businesses that produce, transport, and sell agricultural
goods. Examples include processors, distributors, and
retailers. Climate change also has an impact on them, as it
can alter supply networks and raise prices.
Environmental advocacy organizations: These
organizations work to safeguard the environment and
advance organic farming methods. They might engage in
policy change advocacy, public outreach, or study to find
solutions to lessen the environmental impact of agriculture.
Overall, the effects of climate change on the agricultural
industry are extensive, impacting not only the crop-growing
farmers but also the entire supply chain, as well as the
consumers who depend on agricultural products to meet
their daily requirements. To ensure food security and
environmental sustainability for future generations, it is
crucial to adopt sustainable practices and policies that
reduce the effects of climate change on agriculture.
Implementation Aspects: The target is to provide a deep
learning algorithm that will have impacts by reducing the
danger of greenhouse gas emission , deep learning and
advanced analytics for adapting to climate change in
Bangladesh. Predicting extreme precipitation events which
on a 24-hours interval can be defined. Extreme
precipitation causes flooding which results in loss of life and
land. As Bangladesh is a flood prone country, these adverse
effects need precautions to minimize the losses. High
moisture with an atmospheric disturbance, such as a tropical
cyclone, warm/cold front, or winter storm. The more intense
the rainfall you're likely to experience, the longer these
conditions last in the same location. Also, as it is well
known that warmer air can contain more moisture, it makes
sense that a warmer atmosphere as a whole can produce
more intense rainfall. To determine the association between
extreme precipitation, air moisture, and warmer air, we will
thus wish to develop and carry out hypothesis testing around
these variables. Modeling carbon sequestration can be used
to predict how much carbon can be removed from the
atmosphere. However, this model can not predict the
timeline that goes to 100 or 1000 years after what the
atmosphere will look like as it is very sensitive to small
changes in the atmosphere.
5. TECHNICAL DETAILS
5.1 TECHNICAL DESIGN
To create a system for sensing and deep learning algorithms
to estimate crop production to the highest degree, it requires
a combination of hardware and software components. Some
probable technical designs are as follows:
1. Design of the sensor network: A sensor network is
needed to collect data on a variety of factors,
including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and
nutrient levels, that affect crop development and
yield. When developing the sensor network, the
size, configuration, and type of sensors needed for
the field should all be considered. The sensors
should be strategically placed in the field to ensure
enough coverage and exact data collecting.
2. Design of the Deep learning model: Deep learning
models are used to forecast crop yield based on the
data collected. These models should consider
various factors, such as the specific crop species,
the environmental circumstances, and the historical
yield data. A deep learning model should be trained
using a substantial dataset of previous crop yields
and environmental data in order to properly predict
future crop yields.
3. The crop yield prediction system can be integrated
with farming equipment like tractors or irrigation
systems to automate particular tasks and enhance
crop management strategies. The integration design
should include the compatibility of the crop yield
prediction system with the existing farming
 equipment as well as the possible benefits of
automation.
4. Design of the user interface: The crop yield
prediction system should have a straightforward
user interface that enables farmers to obtain and
understand the crop yield projections. The user
interface should be designed with their specific
needs in mind, including their level of technical
expertise and the informational needs they have.
5. Fertilizers are crucial to agricultural production and
have a big impact on crop yield. By examining
numerous aspects of agricultural growth that can
affect fertilizer application, such as soil quality,
weather patterns, and crop growth rates, deep
learning algorithms and sensors can help estimate
the maximum crop output.
6. Fertilizers containing nitrogen: As soils frequently
lack this necessary nitrogen, crop growth and yield
may be limited. Nitrogen fertilizers can help the
soil's nitrogen content and boost the growth of
healthy plants. Yet, utilizing too much nitrogen can
damage the environment and negatively impact the
soil's health.
● Phosphorus-containing fertilizers:
Phosphorus is essential for the
development of roots and overall plant
growth. The pH of the soil and the kind of
phosphorus utilized, however, affect how
well phosphorus fertilizers work.
● Potassium-containing fertilizers are
crucial for plant growth, stress resistance,
and productivity. Fertilizers high in
potassium can help improve soil fertility
and promote healthy plant growth.
● Fertilizers for micronutrients: Soils
commonly lack critical micronutrients like
manganese, boron, and zinc, which are
essential for plant growth. Micronutrient
fertilizers can boost soil levels of these
nutrients and promote healthy plant
growth.
● Organic fertilizers: Organic fertilizers can
feed the soil nutrients while also boosting
its fertility and health, such as manure,
compost, and crop waste. The availability
of nutrients to crops can be increased by
increasing soil organic matter with the use
of organic fertilizers. This will encourage
healthy soil microbial populations.
Overall, while developing a system for optimum crop
production prediction combining sensing and deep learning
algorithms, thorough consideration of various hardware and
software components is necessary. A well-designed system
can help farmers improve crop management strategies,
boost yields, and increase overall agricultural output.
5.2 SPECIFICATIONS
To provide specifications for a system that maximizes crop
yield prediction through sensing and deep learning
algorithms, we need to consider the following factors:
1. Sensor network: The sensor network should
include a range of sensors to collect data on soil
moisture, temperature, humidity, nutrient levels,
and meteorological conditions. The number of
sensors needed will depend on the size of the field
and the specific crops being grown.
2. The system should feature a cloud-based
computing platform that can handle the enormous
volume and speed of data produced by the sensor
network. Data processing and storage. The
platform should also have a data storage solution
that can securely handle and store the data.
3. Deep Learning models: The system should have
deep learning models that can precisely estimate
crop yield based on the collected data. The models
should be trained using a big dataset of past crop
yields and environmental data to ensure that they
are correct.
4. Integration with farming equipment: The system
should be designed to integrate with farming
equipment, such as tractors or irrigation systems, in
order to automate specific tasks and enhance crop
management practices.
5. Farmers should be able to access and comprehend
the expected crop yields using the system's user
interface. Together with real-time data visualization
and analysis, the interface should provide advice
on crop management practices.
The following needs can be taken into consideration for a
system that improves agricultural yield prediction utilizing
sensing and deep learning algorithms:
1. Sensor network: The sensor network should
contain at least 10 sensors per acre of land and a
range of sensors to collect data on the soil's
moisture content, temperature, humidity, levels of
nutrients, and weather.
2. For data processing and storage, the system must
feature a cloud-based computing platform with at
least 16 GB of RAM and 2 CPU cores. The
platform should also provide a data storage
solution with a minimum storage capacity of 1 TB.
 3. Deep learning models: The system's machine
learning models should be trained using at least 10
years' worth of historical crop production and
environmental data. The models should have a
90% accuracy minimum.
4. Integration with agricultural equipment: The
system should be compatible with at least one type
of agricultural equipment, such as a tractor or
irrigation system.
5. The system ought to include an easy-to-use user
interface that enables real-time data processing and
display. The interface should provide
recommendations for crop management practices
based on the projected crop yields.
Overall, a system that maximizes crop output prediction
through sensing and deep learning algorithms requires a
combination of hardware and software components that are
especially designed to acquire, process, and evaluate data in
real-time. By providing exact predictions and
recommendations, this strategy can help farmers maximize
crop management practices, increase yields, and improve
total agricultural output.
5.3 SCALABILITY
Scalability in farmland can be significantly impacted by soil
detection technology. Farmers can learn more about the
soil's nutrient composition, pH value, moisture content, and
other characteristics by using soil detection equipment.
Then, using this knowledge, farmers can increase crop
quality and yield.
Precision cultivation is one of the ways soil detection
technology can impact scalability. Utilizing data and
technology, precision agriculture aims to increase efficiency,
decrease waste, and maximize crop output. Farmers can
adapt their crop management techniques to the unique
requirements of each area or even each plant by using soil
detection technology. Farmers may be able to increase
yields, lower input expenses, and increase profits as a result.
Furthermore, soil detection technology can aid farms in
making wiser choices regarding crop rotation and soil
health. Farmers can monitor changes in soil properties and
modify their agricultural management techniques by
analyzing soil samples over time. This can aid in halting soil
deterioration, enhancing soil fertility, and fostering
sustainability over the long run.
Overall, soil detection technology can help agriculture scale
up by allowing precision farming, enhancing crop
management techniques, and encouraging sustainable
farming methods.
6. FINANCIAL DETAILS
To anticipate the maximum crop production utilizing
sensing and deep learning algorithms, a variety of data
types, including weather patterns, soil conditions, crop
health, and growth rates, must be gathered and analyzed.
Depending on the individual technology and application, the
associated expenses may vary.
These are some potential cost considerations to bear in
mind:
Sensing technology: The price of sensors used to acquire
data on crop health, soil conditions, and weather patterns
may vary depending on the type and quantity of sensors
utilized. A few hundred to several thousand dollars could be
charged for each sensor, depending on the model.
Data gathering and processing: The information gathered by
the sensors must be processed and assessed by a computer
system. This could involve the use of deep learning
methods, cloud-based platforms, and data storage
alternatives. These expenses may vary based on the
complexity of the system and the amount of data being
handled.
Sensors and computer systems used to anticipate
agricultural yields will eventually require maintenance and
repair. This can pay for professional assistance, software
updates, and replacement components.
Labor expenses: Depending on the operation's scale, labor
costs may be incurred for data setup, maintenance, and
analysis. These costs may include the salaries of field
technicians, software engineers, and data analysts.
Potential benefits: Although forecasting agricultural yields
can be expensive, there is the potential for significant
returns on investment if they are accurate and lead to higher
crop yields. This might result in more food being produced
for consumers and more money being made for farmers.
Overall, the expenses involved with using sensing and deep
learning algorithms to forecast the ideal crop output can be
complex and vary based on a variety of factors. But for
many farmers and agricultural businesses, the potential
gains from higher crop yields and profitability might make
this technology a worthwhile investment.
7. IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS
7.1 IMPLEMENTATION
To implement our idea we first have to make some probe
sensors which are actually made by many parameter sensors
and a communication system to send the data to our server
and then pre process the data and make a deep learning
algorithm to predict the crop for best efficiency.
7.2 MANAGEMENT
To secure standard data from the devices, operating the
device will be challenging for the rural farmers. Apart from
that the parameters and behavior of this device will vary for
various kinds of soil. So to educate the farmers about the
operation of this device is crucial for its feasibility.
Managing this part of the project is important and is a
pivotal part and will affect the feasibility of the product
7.3 FEASIBILITY
The product is feasible if we consider all the aspects it offers
to the people of Bangladesh. If we consider the competitive
cost of the device and its contribution in making sure the
maximum yield of crops, we can say that the product is
feasible and will attract a vast number of farmers around
Bangladesh if all the steps of promoting and developing this
product are done right.
7.4 SUSTAINABILITY
If we talk about the sustainability of the project it reflects a
number of goals from the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDG). As it is working for the maximum food production,
it is safe to assume that this product will work to reduce
hunger around Bangladesh. And the influx of jobs will work
to reduce poverty around the society. This product is
working to bring the modern technology of Machine
learning and Deep Learning techniques and combining it
with a comparatively ancient form of livelihood and making
a harmony out of it which is making sure that this product is
innovative and contributing a lot in both of the industries.
As it is being developed in consequence of the current
climate change, we can say that it will not add more and
help to reduce the unpleasant outcomes of it.
The human, societal, economic, and environmental pillars of
sustainability can all be significantly impacted by
sustainable soil detectors.
Human sustainability is the capacity of individuals to lead a
happy, healthy existence. Sustainable soil monitors can
contribute to raising the standard of food produced on the
land by accurately reporting information about the health of
the soil and its nutrient content. By lowering the quantity of
potentially harmful chemicals and other contaminants in the
food, this may directly affect human health.
The term "social sustainability" describes a community's
capacity for efficient and peaceful operation. By giving
farmers and other stakeholders the knowledge they need to
make wise choices about their land use practices,
sustainable soil detectors can aid in the promotion of social
sustainability. This could result in greater productivity, more
effective use of resources, and more opportunities for
everyone in the society to prosper economically.
Economic sustainability is the capacity of a community to
build and support a thriving economy over time. Sustainable
soil detectors can aid farmers in increasing yields and
maximizing resource use, which can help to promote fiscal
sustainability. Greater profitability, more employment
possibilities, and a more robust local economy may result
from this.
Sustainability in terms of the environment alludes to a
community's capacity to coexist peacefully with its
surroundings. Sustainable soil detectors can aid in the
protection of the soil and rivers from pollution by
decreasing the use of harmful fertilizers and chemicals. By
encouraging biodiversity, protecting natural resources, and
lessening the effects of climate change, this can benefit the
ecosystem.
In summary, sustainable soil detectors have the capacity to
significantly influence each of the four sustainability pillars.
These detectors can assist farmers and other stakeholders in
making choices that support human, social, economic, and
environmental sustainability by giving precise and in-depth
information about soil health.
7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS
Soil detection technology can impact a SWOT analysis in
agriculture by providing more detailed information and
insights into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats facing farmers.
Here are some ways in which soil detection technology can
affect a SWOT analysis in agriculture:
● Strengths: Soil detection technology can provide
farmers with detailed information about the
nutrient content, pH level, and other properties of
the soil.
● Weaknesses: Soil detection technology can also
help farmers identify weaknesses in their soil.
● Threats: Soil detection technology can also help
farmers identify threats to their crops.
Overall, soil detection technology can help farmers conduct
a more comprehensive SWOT analysis by providing them
with detailed information and insights into the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing their crops.
8. RETURN ON INVESTMENT (OPTIONAL):
Among the key players in the agribusiness industry are
farmers. But they frequently find it difficult to make a good
living from their agricultural activities because of a number
of issues like unpredictable weather, fluctuating markets,
and limited access to contemporary technologies. Because
of this, many farmers are compelled to stop producing
agricultural products entirely or to switch to other crops that
might not be suitable for their land.
Governments, NGOs, and private organizations have all
taken steps to better farming's profitability in an effort to
address this problem. Use of soil testers and machine
learning algorithms to identify the best crops for a specific
type of soil is one such effort. With the aid of this
technology, farmers can grow crops of higher quality that
are more adapted to the soil and climate of their region. This
can result in higher yields and better profits for farmers, as
well as increased food security for the local populace.
. will bring the efficiency of the crops so that we can easily
Farmers can also improve their agricultural management
techniques, such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest control,
by using machine learning algorithms. By doing so, it may
be possible to use less water and fertilizer, which would
lower expenses and improve the sustainability of the
farming system. Additionally, by using fewer chemicals and
enhancing soil health, it can lessen the negative effects of
farming on the ecosystem.
In summary, the use of soil testers and machine learning
algorithms has the potential to revolutionize the agricultural
industry by increasing field profitability and fostering
sustainable agricultural practices. By empowering farmers
with the tools and knowledge they need to make informed
decisions about their crops, we can create a more resilient
and prosperous agricultural system that benefits everyone
involved.
8.1 SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT
A greater variety of crops can benefit the business in
addition to meeting humankind's most basic needs.
Increased food yields may result in higher exports, which
may increase the nation's GDP and provide employment
chances for those working in agriculture. Additionally,
reducing reliance on foreign food can result in cost savings
if crops are grown locally.
Increased crop yields can have advantages for the ecosystem
in addition to economic ones. Soil conservation can be
encouraged by lowering the need for additional territory to
be cleared for agriculture. Natural habitat preservation,
erosion control, and wildlife preservation can all be aided by
this. Sustainable agricultural methods that maximize crop
yields can also aid in lowering greenhouse gas pollution and
reducing the effects of climate change.
Farmers can also gain from lower expenses and a more
effective use of resources by encouraging the use of soil
testers. This can be done by pinpointing the soil's precise
needs and maximizing the use of drainage, fertilizers, and
other resources. Soil testers can aid in minimizing waste,
enhancing crop quality, and increasing farmer earnings.
Overall, the use of soil testers to increase crop production
has wide-ranging advantages that go beyond just producing
enough food to support the world's population. This
technology can support sustainable agriculture, the
preservation of natural resources, and economic growth by
raising food yields.
8.2 BUSINESS MODEL
Our business model is mainly based on our product which
maintain the supply chain by producing more and more.
Under our guidance a lot of people will work and as the
production is big we can supply to the people at a cheaper
rate so that our poor people can also become an asset to our
country. Mainly in our business plan we can sell our product
to all the farmers and also can sell our database to the
researchers. We can also sell our device to the international
market so our product will be all over the world. Then we
can also have business with crop seed market and fertilizer
market advice then and have a good steaks in those markets.
REFERENCES
[1] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Potato Market
Information Review 2016–2017. Available online:
https://www5.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/canadian-agri
-food-sector-intelligence/horticulture/horticulture-sector-reports/potat
o-market-information-review-2016-2017/?id=1536104016530#a1.2.3
[2] SK AL Zaminur Rahman, Kaushik Chandra Mitra and S.M Mohidul
Islam, “Soil Classification using Machine
Learning Methods and Crop Suggestion Based on Soil Series”, 2018
IEEE, 21st International Conference of
Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT),
pp.978-1-5386-9242-4/ 18