BUDDY 4 PLANT
Vishal Yadav(21BCS10426)
Vadda Jatin(21BCS2424)
Mohd Makki(21BCS1008)
Abhay Sharma(21BCS1032)
Ritik Kumar(21BCS1114)
ABSTRACT
The world’s population has reached 8 billion and
is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050,
increasing the demand for food production.
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that
optimize resources and increase productivity are
vital in an environment that has tensions in the
supply chain and increasingly frequent weather
events. The "AI-Powered Farming Buddy" project
presents an innovative solution poised to
redefine modern agriculture through the
integration of cutting-edge artificial intelligence
(AI) technologies. These algorithms provide real-
time insights and recommendations across
diverse facets of agriculture, encompassing crop
health, soil quality, weather forecasting, and
livestock management. Farmers can easily
capture and upload images of their fields,
allowing the AI system to swiftly detect signs
forecasts help mitigate weather-related risks,
while livestock management tools facilitate
health monitoring, breeding cycle predictions,
and inventory management. The "AI-Powered
Farming Buddy" represents a transformative leap
forward in agricultural technology, empowering
farmers with AI-driven insights and tools that
elevate productivity, sustainability, and
profitability. By providing farmers with the
knowledge and resources needed to make
informed decisions, this project is poised to
revolutionize the agriculture industry, contribute
to global food security, and ensure a more
sustainable future for farming.
INTRODUCTION
Geopolitical events are causing supply chain
strains, and climatic events are impacting the
food systems’ resilience. The challenges to
ending hunger and food insecurities keep
growing, and the COVID-19 pandemic has
further highlighted fragilities in our agrifood
systems and inequalities in our societies. This
scenario becomes more urgent with the growing
food demand. The Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) has stated that by 2050 there
will be around 10 billion people, and the food
demand will grow by 70% . Artificial intelligence
(AI) techniques applied in agriculture can
optimize agricultural processes by food system
resilience increases.
AI is an evolving set of technologies that are used
to solve a variety of applied problems and has
been extensively applied in farming recently.
This work’s purpose is to make a systematic
review of the current studies and research in
agriculture that employ the recent practices of AI
technologies to solve several relevant problems.
Reviews of the literature are important for
synthesizing the existing knowledge base: the
authors conducted a review about crop yield
prediction using machine learning; in advanced
agricultural disease image recognition
technologies were explored; IoT solutions for
smart farming were researched, big data in
agriculture. This work presents extensive
research on the latest application of AI in
agriculture to alleviate problems in the seven
main agriculture domains identified: crop
management, water management, soil
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management, Fert irrigation, crop prediction,
crop classification, disease, and pest
management.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The problem of crop prediction based on
weather conditions has been identified and
studied for many decades, with various
incidents and challenges contributing to its
recognition. Here are several instances and
incidents that have played a role in identifying
this problem:
1. Historical Crop Failures: Throughout history,
there have been numerous instances of crop
failures due to adverse weather conditions, such
as droughts, floods, and extreme temperature
variations. These events highlighted the need
for accurate predictions to mitigate agricultural
losses.
2. Dust Bowl in the United States (1930s): The
Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the Great Plains of
the United States was a severe drought and dust
storm event that led to widespread crop failures
and economic devastation. It underscored the
importance of understanding and predicting
weather patterns for agricultural planning.
3. Monsoons in India: India's agriculture heavily
relies on the monsoon season. Irregularities or
failures in the monsoon rains have historically
led to food shortages and economic hardship,
emphasizing the need for precise monsoon
forecasting.
4. El Niño and La Niña Events: The periodic
occurrence of El Niño and La Niña events in the
Pacific Ocean has a global impact on weather
patterns, including rainfall. These phenomena
have led to 23 unpredictable and extreme
weather conditions, affecting crop yields and
highlighting the importance of weather
prediction.
5. Famine Events: Famine events in various
parts of the world, such as the Ethiopian famine
in the 1980s, have drawn attention to the
critical role of accurate weather forecasting in
food security.
6. Advancements in Meteorology: As
meteorology evolved, so did the recognition of
its relevance to agriculture. Advancements in
weather monitoring technologies, satellite
imagery, and numerical weather prediction
models have improved our ability to predict
weather patterns and their impact on crops.
7. Research on Growing Degree Days: Research
into the concept of Growing Degree Days (GDD),
which quantifies the accumulated heat required
for crops to grow, contributed to more accurate
crop growth predictions based on temperature
data.
8. Climate Change Concerns: The growing
concerns about climate change and its potential
impact on weather patterns have highlighted
the need for long-term climate predictions to
adapt agricultural practices.
9. Government Initiatives and Agricultural
Policies: Many governments and agricultural
organizations have recognized the importance
of weather-based crop prediction and have
funded research and initiatives to develop tools
and systems for farmers.
These incidents and historical contexts have
collectively contributed to the identification and
understanding of the problem of crop prediction
based on weather conditions. They underscore
the critical role that accurate weather
forecasting and AI driven solutions can play in
ensuring food security and sustainable
agriculture in an increasingly uncertain climate.
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METHODOLOGY
1. Data Collection and Preparation: Farmers
deploy IoT devices and sensors to collect data
on their farms, including soil conditions,
weather, and crop health. Data preprocessing is
performed locally, ensuring data is ready for
model training without exposing raw
information.
2. Model Initialization: Federated machine
learning models are initialized on a central
server. Models can be customized for specific
crops or regions, depending on user
preferences.
3. Secure Model Update: The central server
shares initial models with edge devices (farmers'
IoT devices). Farmers' devices perform local
model updates based on their data while
keeping the data on their premises. Privacy-
preserving techniques like secure aggregation
and encryption protect data during the update
process.
4. Model Aggregation: Edge devices send model
updates (not raw data) back to the central
server. The central server aggregates these
model updates to create an improved global
model.
5. Feedback Loop: A feedback mechanism
allows farmers to provide feedback on model
performance and local insights. The central
server uses this feedback to fine-tune the global
model.
6. Customized Recommendations: The final
federated model, incorporating insights from
multiple farms, generates highly customized
crop recommendations. Recommendations are
sent back to edge devices for real-time
application on individual farms.
7. Data Synchronization: Periodic data
synchronization occurs, allowing the central
server to learn from the collective insights of all
edge devices without compromising data
privacy.
8. Scalability: As more farms join the system,
the federated learning framework scales
effectively, accommodating additional data
sources.
9. User Access and Control: Users access the AI-
based smart farming website to view
recommendations, monitor their farms, and
provide feedback. Users retain control over their
data and have the option to customize AI ethics
and preferences.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Results section of the AI powered Farming
Buddy showcases the tangible outcomes and
benefits that users can expect from utilizing the
platform. The integration of artificial intelligence
(AI) in agriculture offers numerous benefits,
transforming traditional farming methods and
enhancing overall productivity, efficiency, and
sustainability. Some key advantages of
employing AI in agriculture include:
Weather Forecast Integration:
• Real-time Weather Data: Integrate weather
forecasts that provide up-to-date information
on temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind
speed, and other weather parameters.
• Multiple Data Sources: Access data from
reputable meteorological agencies and services
to ensure accuracy and reliability.
• Historical Data: Store historical weather data
for trend analysis and long-term predictions.
Remote Sensing and Satellite Imagery:
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• Crop Health Monitoring: Utilize remote
sensing technologies to track crop health,
detect diseases, and assess stress levels.
• Soil Moisture Monitoring: Measure soil
moisture content using satellite imagery to
optimize irrigation strategies.
• Weather Condition Analysis: Analyze satellite
imagery to monitor cloud cover, rainfall, and
other factors affecting crop growth.
Numerical Weather Models:
• High-Resolution Predictions: Implement
numerical weather models that provide high-
resolution forecasts, including localized weather
conditions.
• Customization: Allow users to select specific
geographical regions for tailored predictions.
• Weather Pattern Visualization: Create visual
representations of weather patterns, such as
pressure systems and wind directions.
Growing Degree Days (GDD) Models:
• GDD Calculation: Accurately calculate Growing
Degree Days using historical and real-time
temperature data.
• Crop Growth Stages: Predict key growth stages
for various crops, assisting farmers in planning
planting and harvesting times.
• Degree Day Visualization: Present GDD data
through charts or graphs for easy interpretation.
Machine Learning and AI-Based Predictions:
• Data Integration: Ingest historical weather
data, crop data, and agronomic knowledge into
machine learning models.
• Adaptability: Develop AI models that
continuously learn and adapt to changing
weather conditions, resulting in improved
prediction accuracy over time.
• Predictive Analytics: Provide farmers with
precise crop yield predictions and planting
recommendations based on AI analysis.
Agricultural Decision Support Systems (ADSS):
• Real-Time Recommendations: Offer farmers
real-time advice on planting, irrigation, and pest
management based on integrated weather, soil,
and crop information.
• User Profiles: Allow users to create profiles to
store their preferences and access personalized
recommendations.
• Notifications: Send alerts and notifications to
farmers about weather-related events, disease
outbreaks, or optimal planting times.
Mobile Apps and Online Tools:
• User-Friendly Interfaces: Design intuitive and
responsive user interfaces for both mobile apps
and web-based tools.
• Location-Based Services: Customize
recommendations based on the user's location,
ensuring local relevance.
• Offline Access: Enable users to access critical
data and information even when an internet
connection is unavailable.
IoT and Sensor Technologies:
• Sensor Deployment: Install IoT devices and
sensors in fields to collect real-time data on soil
moisture, temperature, humidity, and
environmental conditions.
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• Remote Monitoring: Allow farmers to
remotely access sensor data through the
website, enabling precise decision-making
without physically visiting the fields.
• Automated Actions: Implement automated
irrigation and fertilization systems triggered by
sensor data for efficient resource use.
Crop Monitoring and Management Platforms:
• Comprehensive Data Integration: Combine
weather data, satellite imagery, and on-the-
ground sensor data to provide a holistic view of
crop conditions.
• Graphical Analytics: Visualize data through
interactive charts and maps, allowing farmers to
spot trends and patterns.
• Historical Comparison: Enable users to
compare current conditions with historical data
for informed decision-making.
Government Initiatives and Extension Services:
• Information Access: Integrate resources from
government agricultural initiatives and
extension services, providing users with easy
access to weather information, training
materials, and support.
• Localized Content: Tailor information to the
specific region, language, and agricultural
practices of the users.
• Sustainability Guidance: Include resources on
sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural
practices, aligning with governmental
sustainability goals.
Research and Academic Insights:
• Continuous Learning: Stay updated with the
latest research findings and advancements in
crop prediction models and techniques.
• Collaboration Opportunities: Establish
partnerships with academic institutions to
incorporate cutting-edge research into the
project.
• Experiment Integration: Explore opportunities
to integrate ongoing experiments and research
results for more accurate predictions.
Commercial Agriculture Software:
• Crop and Region Specific: Collaborate with
software providers to offer tailored solutions for
specific crops and regions.
• AI Integration: Integrate AI algorithms into the
software to enhance prediction accuracy.
• User Training: Offer training and support to
ensure users can effectively use the software to
optimize their crop management.
CONCLUSION
This survey has presented a systematic review
of the literature, which aimed to identify the
principal and recent artificial intelligence
technologies that have been applied in the
agricultural domain. It was possible to identify
seven main agriculture applications: crop
management, water management, soil
management, fertigation, crop prediction, crop
classification, and disease and pest
management. Beyond these, twenty-four
different artificial intelligence technics were
identified. The technics most used were
machine learning, deep learning with a
convolutional neural network, robotics, and the
Internet of Things. The main benefits of this
included the optimization of agricultural
management systems, irrigation, and the
identification of diseases and pests. It was
observed that an increase in intelligence in
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agriculture could be related to the digitization
and manipulation of large volumes of data,
enabling the use of intelligent techniques in
system optimization and planning.
In this context, a big challenge, especially for
small and medium agricultural production units,
is the mapping and digitization of production
processes. Recently, the hardware and software
costs required have decreased; however, these
values are still prohibitive for many farmers.
Labor qualification is also a challenge. In food-
producing countries, public policies are
necessary for the development of competitive
technologies and workforce qualifications
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