ĐẶT CÂU HỎI

TỔNG HỢP TỪ VỰNG (VOCABULARY)

Unit 14: Wonders of the world - Kì quan của thế giới
- construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ (v): xây dựng
-> Construction(n): sự xây dựng
Ex: A new road is currently under construction.
- We expect to complete the construction in January.

-> Reconstruct(v): trùng tu, xây dựng lại

Ex: This building is old, so we need to reconstruct it.
-> Reconstruction(n): sự trùng tu
Ex: The reconstruction for this building is very expensive.
-> Constructor(n): người xây dựng, công ty xây dựng
Ex: The constructors are doing their work which is to reconstruct
the old building.
Grammar:
A. Câu Tường Thuật

I. Câu hỏi YES-NO

1. Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu hỏi này được mở đầu bằng các động từ ask, inquire, wonder,
want to know.,…
Dùng IF hoặc WHETHER ngay sau động từ giới thiệu của mệnh đề chính
Đổi trật tự câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật và đổi các đại từ, tính từ, thì của động từ,…

EX: “ Have you seen that film”-> He asked if/whether she had seen that film.
“ Will Tom be here tomorrow?”-> She wondered if/whether Tom would be there the day after.

II. Câu hỏi Wh-: who, what, where,when, why,…

Trong lời nói gián tiếp lại câu này được mở đầu bằng các động từ ask, require, wonder, want to
know,…
Lặp lại các từ để hỏi (what,when,where,…) sau động từ giới thiệu.
Đổi trật tự câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật và đổi các đại từ, tính từ, thì của động từ,…

NHỮNG THỨ CẦN PHẢI ĐỔI

I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)

1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba

I → He / She          me →   him / her           my → his / her

We → They            us → them                    our → their

Ex: He said: “I learned English.”

→ He said that he had learnt English.

Ex: She said to me, “My mother gives me a present.”

→  She told me that her mother gave her a present.

2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)

– Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật

Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.”

 → Mary said that you were late again.

Ex: “I will meet you at the airport”, he said to me.

→  He told me that he would meet me at the airport.

3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi

 
II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:

Thì Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn I like ice cream  He said he liked ice cream
He said he was living in
Hiện tại tiếp diễn I am living in London
London.
He said he had bought a car
Quá khứ đơn I bought a car  
He said he bought a car.
I was walking along the He said he had been walking
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
street    along the street.
Hiện tại hoàn thành I haven't seen Julie    He said he hadn't seen Julie.
I had taken English lessons He said he had taken English
Quá khứ hoàn thành
before    lessons before.

Chuyển đổi thì với trợ động từ, động từ khuyết thiếu

Chuyển đổi Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

She said (that) she would
Will - Would I'll see you later
see me later
Would – Không thay She said (that) she would
I would help, but..” 
đổi help but...
She said (that) she could
Can  - Could I can speak perfect English 
speak perfect English.
She said (that) she could
Could - Không thay I could swim when I was swim when she was four.
đổi four  
shall      
She said (that) she would
Shall  - Colud I shall come later    
come later.
Should - không thay She said I should quit
You should quit smoking.
đổi smoking.
Might - Không thay
I might be late   He said he might be late  
đổi   
She said (that) she must
Must - Không đổi study at the weekend
I must study at the weekend
Must - Had to She said she had to study at
the weekend

 
 
III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

DIRECT INDIRECT

Now/ Here/ This Then/ There/ That

These Those
Today That day

Yesterday The day before / the previous day

Last year The year before / the previous year

Tonight
That night

Tomorrow The following day / the next day/ the day after

Next month The following month / the next month

Ago before

The day before yesterday Two day before

The day before tomorrow Two day after

1. YES/NO

"Do you speak English?" He asked me

"Are you British or American?" He asked me

"Is it raining?" She asked

"Have you got a computer?" He wanted to know.

"Can you type?" She asked

"Did you come by train?" He enquired

"Have you been to Bristol before?" She asked.

2. WH-QUESTIONS

"What is your name?" he asked me. He asked me

"How old is your mother?", he asked. He asked

The policman said to the boy, "Where do you live?" The policeman asked

"What time does the train arrive?" she asked. She asked.
 "When can we have dinner?" she asked. She asked

Peter said to John, "Why are you so late?" Peter asked

Bài tập:
“Where are you going” he asked her.
 He asked her where
“ which way they go?” he asked.
 He asked
“ Is it going to be a fine day today”
 I asked her
Jean, have you seen my gloves?" Thomas asked.
 Thomas asked Jean
"What are you going to do next summer?" she asked.
 She wondered
"Can I sit beside you, Jean?" Tom asked.
 Tom wanted to know
"How long are you going to stay?" I asked him.
 I asked
"Are you going by train?" she asked me.
-> She wanted to know
"Will you come to my party?" she said to me.
 She wondered
" Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?" she asked.
 She wanted to know
. "What do you want for lunch today, Peter?" Mary asked.
 She asked
"Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?" asked Peter.
 Peter
"Why didn't I get a computer before?" thought the office manager.
 The office manager wondered
"When was your little boy born?" said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
 The nurse asked
"Will I find a job?", Tim said to himself.
 Tim wondered
"When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?" Martha asked.
 Martha asked Peter when..
"Can I have a new bicycle?" said Anna to her mother.
 Anna asked.
"Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?"
 I asked.
"How many jobs have you had since 2000?* the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
 Mr. Simpson asked

Nguồn: https://thuviendethi.com/bai-tap-tieng-anh-lop-8-ve-cau-tuong-thuat-co-dap-

B. Wh-word + to V

Chú ý:
a. Ta không thể dùng why trong cấu trúc này.
b. Ta có thể dùng whether nhưng không dùng if.
I was wondering whether to ring you. (Tôi tự hỏi có nên gọi cho bạn không.)
We'll have to decide whether to go (or not). (Chúng tôi sẽ phải quyết định đi hay
không.)
c. Sau  what, which, whose, how many và how much ta có thể dùng 1 danh từ.
I didn't know what size to buy. (Tôi không biết mua cỡ gì.)
The driver wasn't sure which way to go. (Tài xế không chắc chắn đi đường nào.)

C. Verbs + t0-infinitive (Động từ theo sau bằng t0-nguyên mẫu)

– Trong tiếng Anh có một số động từ khi chúng ta dùng thêm một động từ theo sau
chúng, phải dùng hình thức ‘to-infinitive’ (nguyên mầu có ‘to’). Ví dụ:
– I want to buy a new dictionary. (want + to-infinitive)
(Tôi muốn mua một cuốn tự điển mới.)
– They decided to hold a class meeting. (decide + to-infinitive)
(Họ quyết định tổ chức một cuộc họp lớp.)
– We agreed to meet after class. (agree + to-infinitive)
(Chúng tôi đồng ỷ gặp nhau sau giờ học.)
– Có khá nhiều động từ có thê dùng ‘to-infinitive’ theo sau (hơn 40 động từ loại này),
nhưng trong phạm vi bài này, chúng ta chỉ khảo sát một số động từ thông dụng sau
đây:

Verb + to-infinitive Meaning

– afford to do sth : có đủ tiền
– agree to do sth : đồng ý
– begin to do sth * : bắt đầu
– continue to do sth * : tiếp tục
– decide to do sth : quyết định
– help to do sth : giúp đỡ
– hope to do sth : hy vọng
– learn to do sth : học
– start to do sth * : bắt đầu
– try to do sth * : cố gắng
– want to do sth : muốn
– would like to do sth : muốn

Exercise 1. Give the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. They are used to (prepare) _______ new lessons.

3. His doctor advised him (give) _______up (smoke)_______.

4. Please stop (talk)_______. We will stop (eat) _______lunch in ten minutes.

5. Stop (argue) _______and start (work) _______.

6. I like (think) _______carefully about things before (make) _______decision.

7. Ask him (come) _______in. Don't keep him (stand) _______at the door.

9. Don’t forget (lock)_______ the door before (go)_______ to bed.

10. Don’t try (persuade) _______ me . Nothing can make me

(change)_______ my mind.

Exercise 2: Chia các động từ trong ngoặc sau đây thành dạng To V hoặc V-ing

2. They decided _________ (play) tennis with us last night.

3. Mary helped me ________ (repair) this fan and _______ (clean) the house.

4. We offer ________ (make) a plan.

5. We required them ________ (be) on time.

6. Kim wouldn’t recommend him _______ (go) here alone.

11. It took me 2 hours _______ (buy) the clothes and shoes.

12. Do you have any money ________ (pay) for the hat?

13. Would you like ________ (visit) my grandparents in Paris?

14. Don’t waste her time ___________(complain) about her salary.

16. Viet is used to ________ (cry) when he faces his difficulties.

17. It’s time they stopped ______ (work) here.

18. Will she remember _______ (collect) his suit from the dry – cleaners or
shall I do it?

19. Jim forgot ________ (send) this message last night.

 Exercise 1: Chia động từ to V hoặc V-ing

1. I enjoy dancing .
2. What do you want to do tonight?
3. Goodbye! I hope ......... you again soon.
4. I learnt ......... when I was five years old.
5. Have you finished ............ the kitchen?
6. I’m tired. I want .......... to bed.
7. Do you enjoy ......... other countries.
8. The weather was nice, so I suggested .......... for a walk by the river.
9. Where’s Bill? He promised .......... here on time.
10.I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind ............ .
11.What have you decided ............ ?
12.Geogre was very angry and refused ........... to me.
13.Where’s Ann? I need ............ her something.
14.I was very upset and started .......... .
15.I’m trying .......... . Please stop ................... .

https://vietjack.com/tai-lieu-mon-tieng-anh/ngu-phap-bai-tap-danh-dong-tu-dong-tu-nguyen-the-lop-8-co-dap-an.jsp

D. BỊ ĐỘNG

l. Write complete sentences, using the verbs in the past passive form.
EX: Eiffel Tower/ design/ Alexandre Gustave Eiffel/ 1889
-> Eiffel Tower was designed by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel in 1889.
1. Angkor Wat/ build/ the early 12th century.
___________________________________________________
2. Golden Gate Bridge/ open/ 1937.
___________________________________________________
3. Grand Canyon/ excavate/ the Colorado River.
___________________________________________________
4. The faces of four American presidents/ carve/ Gutzon Borglum/ 1927 to 1941.
___________________________________________________
5. Empire State Building/ complete/ 1931.
___________________________________________________
6. Temple of Artemis/ destroy/ the Goths/ AD 262.
___________________________________________________
7. The Statue of Liberty/ make/ French people.
___________________________________________________
8. Quoc Tu Giam/ establish/ 1076.
__________________________________________________

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