Today’s Learning

Cold wave
Corporate Tax
Taxation Laws Amendment Ordinance 2019
Deep Fakes
205th anniversary of the Bhima-Koregaon battle passed
India’s dilemma in an Asian century
Efforts to promote millets
India Energy Week 2023
INS Mormugao
Dam Safety Act 2021
GHAR-GO Home and Re-Unite portal
National Human Rights day
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Cold wave grips
north India
• Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), a cold wave in the
plains occurs when the temperature drops below 10 degrees
Celsius and the minimum temperature falls below 4.5 degrees
Celsius.
• The criterion for hills is that they must be 0 degrees Celsius.
• In the plains, a severe cold wave occurs when the temperature
falls below 6.4 degrees Celsius or falls below 2 degrees Celsius.
• It’s “a state of air temperature that becomes lethal to the human
body when exposed,” according to the IMD. Every five days, the
‘normal’ temperature is computed by computing the mean
temperature for all these days over the previous 30 years.
Causes of Cold Wave
• Clouds Absence: Some of the outbound infrared radiation is trapped by clouds, which then
radiates it downwards, heating up the ground. In the absence of a thick cloud cover, the
radiation escapes the atmosphere thereby reducing the surface temperature of the earth in
that region.
• Himalayan Snowfall: Snowfall in the Himalayas’ upper reaches brings chilly winds to the
region.
• Subsidence: The flow of cold or dry air near the surface is known as subsidence.
• La Nina: Ongoing weaker La Nina phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean. La Nina is characterised by
unusually cool ocean surface temperatures along the equatorial Pacific Ocean, which is
considered to favour cold waves. The intensity of cold circumstances increases during La Nina
years. The frequency of chilly waves increases, as does the region affected.
• Western Disturbance: It is an extra-tropical storm that originates in the Mediterranean area
and provides sudden winter rainfall to India’s northern states. These are non-monsoonal in
character and westerlies are responsible for their flow to India. The western
disturbance usually leads to a sharp fall in temperature due to flowing wind as well as rainfall.
Corporate Tax
• Also known as Corporation Tax, corporate tax is the tax imposed by the
Government of India on the net income or profit that corporate enterprises make
from their businesses. It is a tax imposed on the net income of the company.
• Corporate Income Tax is a Direct Tax.
• The tax is imposed at a specific rate as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961.
• In most nations, the Corporate Tax is levied at a national level and can also be
levied at a State or local level.
• Private and public companies registered in India under the Companies Act are
liable to pay corporate tax.
• Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) is not applicable to such companies.
• The Minimum Alternate Tax is a measure to include all companies in the
income tax loop. The MAT ensures that no company with healthy finances
and substantial income can avoid paying income tax, even after claiming
exemptions.
Taxation Laws Amendment Ordinance 2019

• Effective from April 2019, the corporate tax for domestic companies will
be reduced.
• It will be applicable to companies incorporated on or after 1st October of
2019 and will start production on or before 31st March of 2023.
• This amendment will cost the government 1.45 lakh crore rupees annually
which will increase the chance of higher Fiscal Deficit.
• It is expected that it will give a great stimulus to ‘Make In India’, attract
private investment from across the globe, improve the competitiveness
of the private sector, create more jobs.
• The reduction in corporate tax, effectively brings India’s ‘headline’
corporate tax rate broadly at par with an average of 23% rate in Asian
countries.
Deep Fakes
• Deepfake technology is a method for manipulating videos, images,
audios utilizing powerful computers and deep learning.
• It is used to generate fake news and commit financial fraud among
other wrong doings.
• It overlays a digital composite over an already-existing video, picture,
or audio; cybercriminals use Artificial Intelligence technology.
• Deepfake technology is now being used for nefarious purposes like
scams and hoaxes, celebrity pornography, election manipulation,
social engineering, automated disinformation attacks, identity theft
and financial fraud etc.
• Deepfake technology has been used to impersonate notable
personalities like former U.S. Presidents Barack Obama and Donald
Trump, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, etc.
205th anniversary
of the Bhima-
Koregaon battle
passed
• A battle was fought in Bhima Koregaon between the
Peshwa forces and the British on January 1, 1818.
• The British army, which comprised mainly of Dalit
soldiers, fought the upper caste-dominated Peshwa
army. The British troops defeated the Peshwa army.
• Babasaheb Ambedkar’s visit to the site on January 1,
1927, revitalized the memory of the battle for the Dalit
community, making it a rallying point and an assertion
of pride.
India’s
dilemma
in an Asian
century
Today, two major powers —Russia and China —are trying, though in varying degrees, to
undermine the global balance of power, with several regional powers such as Iran, Turkey
and Saudi Arabia in tow. Asia may be headed towards more global prominence, but
instability will be its possessive partner.

There can be no meaningful Asian century in a unipolar world. One alternative to a

unipolar world is a multipolar world with Russia, China, Japan, India and other, smaller
powers asserting themselves on the global stage.

In the words of former Indian foreign secretary H.V. Shringlain 2021, “India values a
multipolar international order, underpinned by international law, premised upon respect
for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, resolution of international
disputes through peaceful negotiations, and free and open access for all to the global
commons”.
New Delhi has consistently campaigned for a multipolar world where key Asian powers
have a place at the high table of international politics. Yet it may hesitate to engage the
emergent Asian century for various reasons. For one, the Indian establishment has a
deeply status quoist view of the world order despite its frequent calls for change.

Third, if a bipolar world leads to great power accommodation between the U.S. and
China, India’s situation could be worse off.

Finally, there is little doubt that an Asian century will be a China-dominated one.
China’s growing material power –both economic and military –is already paving the way
for it, especially with the U.S.’s focus firmly entrenched in the Russia-Ukraine theatre.
In an effort to promote cultivation and consumption of millets on a larger scale, the Union government, with the help of
various States and Indian embassies around the globe, has launched the International Year of Millets (IYM) on Sunday.

“Millets are important by virtue of their mammoth potential to generate livelihoods, increase farmers’ income and
ensure food and nutritional security all over the world,” the Ministry said.

Millet is a collective term referring to a number of small-seeded annual grasses that are cultivated as grain crops,
primarily on marginal lands in dry areas in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions.

Some of the common millets available in India are Ragi (Finger millet), Jowar (Sorghum), Sama (Little millet), Bajra (Pearl
millet), and Variga(Prosomillet).

The earliest evidence for these grains has been found in Indus civilization and were one of the first plants domesticated
for food.

It is grown in about 131 countries and is the traditional food for around 60 crore people in Asia & Africa.

India is the largest producer of millet in the world.

It Accounts for 20 % of global production and 80% of Asia’s production

India Energy Week 2023
• The Curtain Raiser of India’s flagship Energy Event “India Energy Week 2023
“(IEW 2023), was organized at Bengaluru.
• The event marks the beginning of a number of events being hosted in the run-
up to India Energy Week 2023. Some of these events are “Dancing charge
Electric Vehicles”, a “car rally of Sustainable Fuel Vehicles”, etc that will
display India’s efforts to achieve a cleaner and greener energy future.
• India Energy Week 2023 will be organized during India’sG20Presidency,
under the tagline “Growth, Collaboration, Transition”, from 6-8 February
2023 in Bengaluru.
• The flagship event will feature more than thirty energy ministers, fifty
CEOs and ten thousand plus delegates from across the world.
• It was highlighted during the event that energy is crucial for the country’s
economic growth and India has taken several measures in exploration,
production, biofuels, refinery sector, green hydrogen, etc.
• India is also looking forward to establishing the International Biofuel
Alliance during its G20 presidency.
INS Mormugao
• Stealth guided missile destroyer Mormugao(D67), the second of the four
Visakhapatnam class destroyers, was commissioned into the Indian navy in presence of
Defence Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh.
• It is designed by Warship Design Bureau (Indian Navy’s in-house organisation) and
constructed by MazagonDock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai.
• With over 75% indigenous content, all the major weapons and sensors of INS
Mormugao have been developed and manufactured in India either directly through
Indian Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) or through Transfer of Technology
with reputed foreign OEMs.
• It is named after the historic pot city of Goa. it has the capability to fight
biological, nuclear and chemical warfare conditions. It is capable of achieving
speeds in excess of 30 knots.
• It is aided with advanced state-of-the-art weapons and sensors like surface-to-
surface missile and surface to air missiles.
• INS Mormugaois equipped with Surveillance Radar, indigenously developed
Rocket launchers, Torpedo launchers and the ASW (Anti Submarine Warfare)
helicopters.
 Dam
Safety
Act 2021
• “An Act to provide for the surveillance, inspection, operation, and maintenance of
the specified dam for prevention of dam failure related disasters and to provide for
an institutional mechanism to ensure their safe functioning and for matters
connected therewith or incidental thereto.”
• Under the Dam Safety Act 2021, the newly constituted 29 State Dam Safety
Organisations have conducted pre-monsoon and post-monsoon inspections of the
dams falling within their respective jurisdiction through their dam safety units.
• The Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) has been implemented by
GoI with external fundings to improve the safety and operational performances of
old dams.
• Under the World Bank funded DRIP Phase-I programme, 223 dams located in 7
States were prioritised and have been comprehensively audited and rehabilitated.
(April 2012 –March 2021). Out of these 223 dams, two are more than 100 years old.
• At present Phase Ⅱ is under implementation.
• The Central Water Commission compiled the National Register of large dams (2019
edition) and as per it there are 227 functional large dams which are more than 100
years old.
 • GHAR –GO Home and Re-Unite (Portal for
Restoration and Repatriation of Child) has
been developed and launched by the
National Commission for Protection of Child
GHAR-GO Rights (NCPCR).

Home and • The portal will digitally track and monitor

children’s restoration and repatriation
Re-Unite process.
• Under the Juvenile Justice (Care and
portal Protection of Children) Act, 2015, and Rules
the Ministry of Women and Child
Development administers and ensures the
dignity, safety, security, and well-being of
children.
Organization of National Human
Rights day on 10th December

• On this occasion, celebrations were organized

by the National Human Rights Commission in
New Delhi today.
• The event was attended by the President of
India Smt Droupadi Murmu.
• The President highlighted the importance of the
occasion for the whole of humankind, as it was
on this day in 1948 that the United Nations
General Assembly adopted the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
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