Seminar 2:

Ex. 5, p. 24; Ex. 6 (1-10 sent.), p.25; Ex. 12 (3 lines), p. 29; Ex. 13 (12 sent.), p. 29-30; Ex. 15 (7 sent.), p.31; Ex. 21 (9
sent.), p.35.

Exercise 5, p. 24 a) Analyse the words with negative prefixes and comment on their origin.

b) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Eisenstein's appetite for experience was insatiable (I. Montagu). Ейнштейнова жага досвіду була невгамовною.

Insatiable - prefix in- "not, opposite of", incapable of being satisfied or appeased; inordinately greedy," early 15c.,
insaciable, from Old French or directly from Latin

2. There was so much he couldn't understand! So much he'd miscalculated, misread. He'd been outmaneuvered at every
important juncture (R. Ludlum). Багато чого він не зміг зрозуміти! Наскільки сильно він прорахувався, неправильно
прочитав. Його перехитрили на такому важливому етапі.

Miscalculated – prefix mis- (1) "badly, wrongly,- make a wrong estimate of, 1560, from Latin

Misread – prefix 1714, "read wrongly, mistake the sense or significance of," from mis- (1) "badly, wrongly" + read (v.).
Middle English misreden (c. 1200) meant "give bad or false advice.

3. He was not going to make me independent while I insisted on going in for misguided fooleries (C.P. Snow). Він не
збирався робити мене незалежним в той час як я наполягав на оманливих дурницях.

Independent – prefix 1610s, "not dependent on something else," from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + dependent. French
independant is attested from c. 1600

Misguided - intended to be helpful but in fact making a situation worse; mis- prefix meaning "bad, wrong," from Old
English, 1650

4. The weeks, the months passed with unimaginable rapidity (W.S. Maugham). Тижні, місяці пролетіли (пройшли) з
неймовірною швидкістю.

Unimaginable - not imaginable or comprehensible; un - prefix of negation, meaning “not”, from Old English - from Proto-
Germanic “un”. The word itself is from Old French (14 cent. - without prefix; 1610 - with prefix).

5. Elliott's face bore a look of frigid disapproval (Id.). Обличчя Еліота тримало вигляд льодяного несхвалення.

Disapproval - the feeling of having a negative opinion of someone or something; prefix dis- is a Latin ( also later Old
French des-) prefix meaning “apart,” “asunder,” “away,” “utterly,” or having a privative, negative, or reversing force; used
freely. 15

6. He was a non-representative artist and he painted portraits of her in squares and oblongs (Id.). Він був
абстракціоністом і писав її портрети в квадратах і овалах.

non-representative - prefix representative (adj.) – "serving to represent," late 14c., from Old French representatif (early
14c.), from Medieval Latin repraesentativus, from stem of Latin repraesentare. Meaning "pertaining to or founded on
representation of the people" is from 1640s.

non- – prefix meaning "not, lack of," or "sham," 14c., from Anglo-French noun-, from Old French non-, from Latin non
"not, by no means, not at all, not a," from Old Latin noenum "not one".

7. He liked her shyness, her almost uncouth immobility (A. Coppard). Йому подобалася її сором'язливість, її майже
груба нерухомість

uncouth – prefix Old English uncuð "unknown, strange, unusual; uncertain, unfamiliar; unfriendly, unkind, rough," from
un- (1) "not" + cuð "known, well-known," past participle of cunnan "to know" (see can (v.1)), from PIE root *gno- "to
know." Meaning "strange, crude, clumsy" is first recorded 1510s.

immobility - prefix mid-14c., originally of property; by c. 1400 "steadfast, unmovable" (of faith, etc.), from Old French
immoble "immovable, fixed, motionless" (13c., Modern French immeuble), from Latin immobilis "immovable" (also,
figuratively, "hard-hearted"), from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of"

8. The man uses automobiles to get around... He strikes and disappears. God knows where (E.L. Doctorow). Чоловік
пересувається на автомобілях... Наносить удар і зникає. Бог знає де.
Disappear - prefix early 15c., disaperen, "cease to be visible, vanish from sight, be no longer seen," from dis- "do the
opposite of" + appear. Earlier was disparish (early 15c.), from French disparaiss-

9. His hat was absurdly small for his abnormally large head (Id.). Його капелюх був абсурдно маленьким для його
аномально великої голови.

Abnormally - prefix "not conformed or conforming to rule, deviating from a type or standard, contrary to system or law,
irregular, unnatural," 1835, a refashioning of anormal (q.v.) under influence of Latin abnormalis "deviating from a fixed
rule, irregular," from ab "off, away from"

10. He had never known such feelings of dissatisfaction (Id.). Він ніколи не знав такого почуття незадоволення

Dissatisfaction - prefix "lack of pleasure or contentment, uneasiness proceeding from disappointment or want of
gratification," 1630s - lack of, not, opposite of, do the opposite of, apart, away". early 14c., satisfaccioun, "performance by a
penitent of an act set forth by a priest or other Church authority to atone for sin," from Old French satisfaction

Exercise 6 (1-10 sent.), p.25 a) Pick out the words with the suffixes 1) -er (-or) and 2) -ish. Comment on their
meaning.

b) Give their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. He had been a dish-washer, car-cleaner, plumber's helper and several other things before finally, in Buffalo, he had
been inducted into the hotel business (Th. Dreiser).

dish-washer – 1. a machine that washes dirty plates, cups, forks, etc. 2. a person who washes dishes, (посудомийна
машина, або посудомийка(людина, яка миє посуд

car-cleaner – someone whose job is to clean other people’s cars 2 a machine or substance used for cleaning cars, той, що
миє автомобілі, машина або речовина, яка використовується для чищення автомобілів

helper - 1 someone who helps another person 2 American English someone who is employed to do some of the work in
someone else’s home, помічник, асистент

2. The Chief as he spoke emptied the drawers of his desk (E.L. Doctorow).

Drawer - 1 a box-shaped container, without a top, that is part of a piece of furniture. It slides in and out to open and close
and is used for keeping things in: 2 a wide but not very deep container, open at the top, that is part of a piece of furniture
and that a person can pull partly out from its front to put things in and then push back to make it even with the front of the
furniture: 3 the person who writes a cheque telling their bank to pay an amount of money to someone: 4 the person who
writes a bill of exchange telling someone to pay an amount of money at a stated time: ящик, шухляда, кресляр
3. Among the grunts, some carried the M-79 grenade launcher, 5.9 pounds unloaded (T. O' Brien).

grenade launcher - a device attached to a rifle or carbine to permit the firing of a grenade гранатометник

4. He became a quarreller, but not with her... She hardly noticed that he had become a man of angry moods (M. Spark).

Quarreller - a person who disputes; who is good at or enjoys controversy скандаліст, сперечальник, суперечник

5. It was a stranger that John then saw (M. Bragg).

Stranger – 1 someone you do not know 2 A stranger in a particular place is someone who has never been there before
зайда, незнайомець, стороння людина, чужинець, чужоземець

6. In that low room, crowded with farmers and labourers.... Seth looked like someone from another country (Id.).

Farmer – someone who owns or manages a farm, фермер, землевласник, орендар, землероб

Labourer -1. someone whose work needs physical strength, for example building work 2. someone whose job involves a
lot of heavy physical work робітник, некваліфікований робітник, чорнороб

7. The Republicans were outraged. The Southerners rejected the treaty in toto (I. Stone).

Southerner - someone from the southern part of a country, житель півдня, хтось із південної частини країни

8. In a few minutes the two visitors were ushered in (A. Christie).

Visitor -1. someone who comes to visit a place or a person 2. someone who goes to a website on the internet, відвідувач,
інспектор, приїжджий

9. Miss Politt took hold of the knocker and rapped politely on the cottage door (Id.).

Knocker – a piece of metal on an outside door of a house that you hit against the door to attract the attention of the
people inside 2. a person who is always criticizing someone or somethingдверний молоточок, людина, яка постійно
когось критикує

10. Charles had slammed back the receiver on its hook (Id.)

Receiver - 1 TELEPHONE the part of a telephone that you hold next to your mouth and ear → handsetpick up/lift the
receiver She picked up the receiver and dialled his number.put down/replace the receiver2 BUSINESS British
English someone who is officially in charge of a business or company that is bankruptan official/administrative
receiver The business is in the hands of the receivers.3 STOLEN PROPERTY someone
who buys and sells stolen property4 RADIO formal a radio or television, or other equipment which receives signals a
satellite receiver5 AMERICAN FOOTBALL a player in American football who is in a position to catch the ball,
someone who is chosen by a court to be in charge of a business or property for someone else. This is done when a business
is bankrupt, when a partnership ends, or when people disagree about who owns something, 2. someone who buys and sells
stolen property, одержувач, приймач, радіоприймач, рація, телефона трубка, трубка

Exercise 12 (3 lines), p. 29 Arrange the compounds given below into three groups: a) Juxtapositional compounds, b)
morphological compounds, c) syntactic compounds.

red-hot, полум’яний, розпечений до червоного, Juxtapositional compounds

blackbird, дрізд, syntactic compounds

landlady, хазяйка, Juxtapositional compounds

good-for-nothing, безкорисний, ні на що не годиться, непридатний, syntactic compounds.

snow fall, Juxtapositional compounds кількість опадів у вигляді снігу, снігопад

medium-sized, Juxtapositional compounds середнього розміру

AA-gun, Juxtapositional compounds зенітний пістолет

old-fashioned, syntactic compounds застарілий, старомодний, допотопний

bread-and-butter, syntactic compounds, хліб з маслом, молодий, повсякденний

looking-glass, Juxtapositional compounds дзеркало, люстро

stay-at-home, syntactic compounds залишатися вдома, домосід

speedometer, morphological compound спідометр

bird's-eye, syntactic compounds з висоти пташиного польоту

window-sill, Juxtapositional compounds підвіконня

mother-in-law, syntactic compounds теща, свекруха

bluebell, syntactic compounds дзвоник, пролісок

high-heeled, Juxtapositional compounds на високих підборах

sunlight, Juxtapositional compounds сонячнне світло

cinema-goer. Juxtapositional compounds кіноглядач, кіноман

Exercise 13 (12 sent.), p. 29-30 a) Find compounds in the following sentences, define their structural type and state to
what part of speech they belong. b) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Only a short time ago, Mel Bakersfeld had been a national spokesman for ground logistics of aviation (A. Hailey). Не
так давно він був речником авіаційної організації на суходолі(cуші)

Spokesman - (noun) morphological compound

2. Most people who thought about airports did so in terms of airlines and airplanes (Id.) Більшість людей, які думали
про аеропорти робили це маючи на увазі авіалінії та літаки.

Airports juxtapositional (neutral) compound

Airlines juxtapositional (neutral) compound

Airplanes juxtapositional (neutral) compound

3. A great theatre-goer all his life, he was very lukewarm towards modern actors (J. Galsworthy). Будучи театролюбом
все своє життя, він ставився з теплом до сучасних акторів.

theatre-goer (noun) - juxtapositional (neutral) compound (a person who regularly goes to the theatre to see plays)

lukewarm (adjective) - syntactic compound (moderately warm).

4. She could not make up her mind whether she was as carefree as she seemed, or whether hurt, angry, or heartsick (W.S.
Maugham). Вона не могла зважитися на це, чи то вона була безтурботною як вона здавалася, чи то скривдженою,
злою чи пригніченою.

Carefree adjective juxtapositional (neutral) compound

Heartsick adjective)- juxtapositional (neutral) compound(despondent, typically from grief or loss of love.)

5. A bluebottle caught between the windowpanes, buzzed for a moment like a circular saw (J. Cary). Синя м’ясна муха,
котра була затиснута між шибками, на момент загуділа, як кругла пила

Bluebottle (noun) - syntactic compound (a large blue fly)

Windowpanes (noun)- juxtapositional (neutral) compound (a single whole piece of glass in a window).

6. She was a young girl with honey-coloured hair flowing down to her shoulders. Вона була молодою дівчиною з
волоссям медового кольору, яке спадало на її плечі.

honey-coloured (adjective) - juxtapositional (neutral) compound

7. Johnny looked at his wristwatch. It was a quarter past nine (H. Robbins). Джонні подивився на свій наручний
годинник. Була четверть на десяту

Wristwatch (noun) - juxtapositional

8. He was a little over medium-height, thick-shouldered and narrow-hipped (J. Redgate). Він був ростом трошки
вище середнього, з вузькими плечима та бедрами

medium-height (adjective) - juxtapositional (neutral) compound (of an average hight)

thick-shouldered (adjective) - juxtapositional (neutral) compound (with thick structure of sholders)

narrow-hipped (adjective) - juxtapositional (neutral) compound (means less wide or to make less wide)

9. At first I thought it was another party, a wild rout that had resolved itself into "hide-and-go-seek" or "sardines-in-the-
box" with all the house thrown open to the game (P.S. Fitzgerald).

hide-and-go-seek (noun) - syntactic compound *meaning- a children's game in which everyone hides from one player who
tries to find them)*

sardines-in-the-box (noun)- syntactic compound *meaning - it is an active game that is played like hide and go seek —
only in reverse!

Спочатку я подумав, що це була інша вечірка, дикий натовп, який поступово змінився на хованки або хованки-
навпаки(сардіни в коробці хз як перекласти), коли весь будинок був відертий для гри

10. He was a tough-looking fellow, heavy, with a big face and a voice deep in his throat (H. Hemingway). . Він був
міцним на вигляд, важким, з великим обличчям і глибоким голосом у горлі

tough-looking adjective, juxtapositional (neutral) compounds

11. The highway was new, and Bamey kept the speedometer hovering at ninety (B. Queen). Шосе було новим, і Беймі
тримав спідометр на дев’яносто

Highway noun, syntactic compound

Speedometer noun, morphological compounds

12. "My secretary, Maurice, is very efficient. He nodded to a sheet of typed foolscap on the sideboard (V. Canning). Мій
секретар, Моріс, дуже продуктивний. Він кивнув головою на аркуш надрукованої дурниці на буфеті, серванті

Foolscap noun juxtapositional (neutral) compounds ?

Sideboard noun, juxtapositional (neutral) compounds

Exercise 15 (7 sent.), p.31 a) Discriminate between compounds proper and derivational compounds given in bold
type. b) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1.For over a year he had been beating his way along the south shore of Lake Superior as a clam-digger and a salmon-fisher
or in any other capacity that brought him food and bed (P.S. Fitzgerald). Протягом більше року він пробивав собі шлях
вздовж південного берега озера Верхнє (Superior) як молюско-копач і як рибалка лососів чи в будь-якій іншій
здатності, здібності(capacity), яка приносить їжу і ночівлю.

clam-digger derivational

salmon-fisher derivational

2. Her blouse, made of some loose-woven fabric.., was long-sleeved and tight-wrested, high-necked, Edwardian in style
(J. Fowles). Її блуза, з (просвітлюючої, прозорої) тканини, була з довгими рукавами, тісно прилягаюча та з високим
комірцем, у Едуардіанському стилі

loose-woven Derivational, Because they all have affixes in their structure.

long-sleeved Derivational, Because they all have affixes in their structure.

high-necked Derivational, Because they all have affixes in their structure.

3. He was expensively well-dressed, with precisely combed, gray-streaked hair (A. Hailey). Він був дорого одягнений з
акуратно зачесаним волоссям із сивим пасмом

well-dressed derivational

gray-streaked derivational

4. A big awkward tractor-trailer unit lay on its side across the road, blocking all traffic movement (Id.). Великий
громіздкий трактор з прицепом повалився на бік поперек дороги, блокуючи рух транспорту

tractor-trailer derivational

5. Normally, from this glass-walled room, the entire airport complex... was visible (Id.). Зазвичай із цієї кімнати з
скляними стінами був видний цілий комплекс аеропорту

glass-walled derivational (Noun + (noun +ed))

6. At the offices on lower Broadway, he asked to see the manager, whom he found to be a large, gross-featured, heavy-
bodied man of fifty, grey-eyed, grey-haired, puffily outlined as to the countenance, but keen and shrewd, and with short,
fat-fingered hands, which drummed idly on his desk as he talked (Th. Dreiser). У конторі, розташованій в нижній
частині Бродвею, Батлер попросив про зустріч з директором, що виявився високим огрядним чоловіком років
п’ятдесяти з виразними рисами обличчя, сірооким і сивим, з дещо одутлим (набряклим), але розумним і хитрим
обличчям. Його короткі товстопалі руки під час розмови безцільно тарабанили по столу.

gross-featured derivational

heavy-bodied derivational

grey-eyed derivational

grey-haired derivational

fat-fingered derivational
7. Her matter-of-factness appeared to infuriate Amy (K. Brush). Її прямолінійність, здавалося, розлютила Емі.

matter-of-factness derivational

Exercise 21 (9 sent.), p.35 a) Comment on the meanings of the compounds given in bold type. Discriminate between
idiomatic and non-idiomatic compounds. b) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Ted took a look into the leather shopping-bag on the dresser (M. Dickens). Тед подивився на шкіряну сумку для
покупок на шафці.

shopping-bag juxtapositional compound (derivational). Non-idiomatic.

2. "Let's have a nightcap at Benno's," he said (J. Baldwin). Ходімо пропустимо по склянці на ніч у “Benno’s” сказав він

Nightcap - a final drink before bed (juxtapositional (neutral) compound)”Idiomatic”.

3. Hanging from the low ceiling were several poisonous streamers of strategically arranged flypaper (T. Capote). Декілька
спеціально розташованих ядовитих липучок від мух звисали з низької стелі.

Flypaper - paper coated with a sticky often poisonous substance for killing flies--- idiomatic compound.

4. Lady Veronica... made a bee-line for her daughters to assure them of her maternal love (A. Christie). Леді Вероніка...
кинулась назустріч своїм донькам, щоб запевнити їх у своїй материнській любові.

bee-line - a straight line between two places. to beeline - to go directly and quickly towards sth/sm --- idiomatic compound.

5. 'This racing-car is available with a 277 bhp engine which meets normal road regulations (Times). Цей гоночний
автомобіль є доступний з 277 кінськими силами ( brake horsepower) в двигуні який відповідає нормам дорожніх
правил (Дорожнього регламенту).

racing-car – (noun)a very fast car that is specially designed for races- non-idiomatic compound

6. Unfortunately he was away. But he was coming back for the dress-rehearsal and the first-night (W.S. Maugham). На
жаль, його не було, але він повертався на генеральну репетицію та прем’єру.

dress-rehearsal - (the final rehearsal of a live show, in which everything is done as it would be in a real performance)
idiomatic compound.

first-night - (the first public performance of a play or other production) - idiomatic compound.

7. She was holding a drumstick of the dismembered chicken (A. Huxley). Вона тримала стегенце розчленованої курки.

Drumstick - (the segment of a fowl’s leg between the thigh and tarsus) idiomatic compound.

8. She stopped shouting and thumping the table for a minute, and then the waterworks began (A. Sillitoe). На хвилину
вона припинила кричати і стукати по столі, а потім почала плакати.

Waterworks - the shedding of tears, crying - idiomatic compound

9. He spoke almost dreamily, as if he was all by himself, out in the woods, picking johnny-jump-ups... (R. Chandler). Він
говорив майже замріяно, наче був сам-один у лісі, збираючи триколірні фіалки (зозулині черевички)...

johnny-jump-ups any of several violaceous plants, esp the wild pansy, idiomatic compound