Gs) such that, i 4K Fourier series puiidiiasianller 3 First, ove objective 5 to ‘denttty @ Family ot segnals (y LE a Signal fs passed through any LTl Sytrem with only a Scale Change, (4) > A Xe (k) (y IF a signal @ can be represented as q_ linear wmbination pf signals in their family , 2 Ky ZF Ae™mHUE) Kee This would ello us to determine the ovtpot signal gencratel by aw, a xl) > ZS away tet) Ke -D Whee && tS scaler. 4K Eigenfonctions of an LTl system be tir IPE JU ee if the output 7s @ Scaled version vt ids inpot, ~ For an LT! System, eigen tunction ot the sy sem then the input Function is called an = The scaling factor 1 Called the efgenvale of the system- lonsider an LTI System with tmpulie response iQ) and inpot Sonal alt): at) eas hw ) Suppoe, the input is x07 = 2% then the ovtput is Siven by Ses oe 20) 7 heey xte- cp de8 & sck-2) = S hee ae <2 cine ge a f hizye dc le ~2 = Hespe™ Yee) = He) aap, 2 st whee Hiy= Jhede dz -2 Hcg ts Avanster Lonction of LT! System. Tt is defined by impose. Tespome System ht). Theefore we could sty that Hes7 met) ac Sealay muttiphed by the tnqot function From Ghove Gert vation , et Hujpe*® [Te | Therefore , by ergenen fonction definflion , we Show that G) eX is eigen function of any LTI System Le @ Hig is Conesponding atgen vale . By seat : & "34 S= jw then =H fa aiwe Hos | = Hdl) = S$ hee de mb Sajw Hiw) i5 called the Frequency tesponte ot System |2 &) HK Why eigen Function (S imprtant 7 Levs lider a Signal xl, fe Sat Sst alt} = Qe, are" y Age Accoising te the eigen tuncting analysis, The ovtput 0+ each conflew exponential FS, Sit @ — Hike Se a —> Hlsy 25 Set aoe > Hise”? The output is, so st JH}s a Wise” 4 as Hesse, ag Hiss) 2 8 This vesolts implies that, if the inpot tS a linear (ombingtion dt tompley exponentials, then the ootpet ot LTL sytem is also a \neay tombination of complex exponentials . 2 4 14 ippoe aup=>. MI > S ay ed 3 pay Sit The ovtpue YH) => YQ 2 S ay Hinde 2 He au) tan be teprosented as a linear ombination of eigen uncsicg the ootpot can be easily determined by looking +he trancter fonction MK How we represent At) as a linear Combination of tomple,, foncivons 7= 4 Fourier series . => In general, every signals con not be represented at Wear of complex exponentials (ombination is Still possi ble Aor extremely D> Howeser, such decomposition large clases of si9nals , => For one class ot Signals, decomposition tS Potsicle which are peviodic Signals. XCL) = x(k T) Periodic Signals satisfies ‘The quae imegral wndition, fro(de <2 Y on Dirichlet londition au) most be abSolviely integral QI Over any period Sirf de < 2 2 ©) In any Amite, (meal of Hime , 717 iS oF hovnded Variation. There are no moe than q finite. number ©F maxima and minima doving single Period ot signals. (a7 \n any Finite interval ef 4tme, thee are only a Linite number ot distominurties For ths class of signals, the, input signal can he expressed resved as Inecay Gmbination of tomplex exponential s 2 jrwet KE) = EF ake Kr where, wo is fundamental Frequency. , Ww = 2x =* ay) We call ax as Fourier sertes coefficients , F Fourier genes wetlicents The — tominuovs —time Foovier Series westiGends A, OF signal, jkwet BY = S One Ke. ! jkwot on. Jae dt ie Woh Let's tnsider the Signal, ZY = 3 ane” jewot ) we P jot Mottiply both sides by © . Siyaot Baie _ apse aye 2 |B One . Kad jqwenl wot oie noni K:-D fn 00 o aT. Integrating both sides pony wok —jAwot ae pwd ae VAP tee de 3 teeny bee d zo fe -m)wot alten! He is evalvoted as So llows t 0 5 jee-bjwot 1 14 ken } ae + [ 9 alse, by orthogonality oF tompler exponentials.Erample’ ad (onsider the Srgnal x= 4 4% tosant + SiINGxt , The period oF Bie). AS Zo Hite Rindanerel Srecancg, 2 =o eRe A i , je By wing Cvle’stormla , e = (ose +JsinB , fone jane eng duet aos l4h4le +e” +4; ee 4 Qa), Gea, = OB, W242 4, Ahetener 2 = Kj, As 7» Aesp , Otherwie - ne) an erg tO ag au) = , SZ ace 2-0D Sine comple exponentials are eigen Fonction +o LTI Systems. And dotput mist be linear tontbinatton 04 (omplex: eapon ertials = siewel ews) pi Kwok, ow Se) Hal} a, Hike L. sy BR) —» H(w ——s Q Hle) ewok i anal — > He) —s ay HUkweThereloe, The ovtput 8 Siven by / 2 Jkwet Yuy= Sax HUkun) e'~ Kod By Telting b= H Likwo) ax Q * Vion & be a) K low many Fovrier Series toeHicients are Sutficient 7 2 w juwet At) = Z ane r= BQ axe ini = Kz-D fk wt Then, ayit) 1S an approvimation OF alk? When MIB, %yley = HIE) a4) mate] i t 1) @ aot) ag7} @ ths eusoracy depends on “the number of twoetficients , Q IF we want higher accoacy , We need larger number of Fourier Series coeffictents , 4 2. The enor is estimated ac fixe) -WWW < @ eerie s : € - darget error level,. @) Foorier Serves loetticients OF @ perindic Signa\ , 2e ; 1 RK) 6S —jkwot ae fw de + Cin # forme de = ° Write Gx in Polar Sorm, a Cu OS Cee lel | Oencin i . Poe etme ti ule I ee a ees a Therfore, for veal Signals, the amplitude specu Ci has even Symmetry. The phase Spectrum O,. has Odd Symmetry + We Con we amplitudes Ce and Tne phase, Ox 4% ropresent Ahe spectrum (08 frequency) tondent OF Signal Ale)» cw) al | Tye wee WO BES a apt ge tu Buy Ae mii <-> be Then Andy4 Bat) ¢ 5 Aas Bbx (2) Time shit Hj kwot. ule-ko) <> Axe t , bua 4 fante) eis 3 Prost Letting cz teks : T — feo (er) _juuwt | Jews to ! At ‘le & fume ae tre de ° ajKwo%td = Oe (3) Time reversal mua, ACH) = AK w (on ju gate. 4 * wk) > I-K (s) Moti plication ates Qu , Yi <> be then, 2 oe Obi RU: Ge Az-D(6) Parseval equally a ! 2 z + Ar J tI de = FS (O%| it k2-D Ke Fovrier transSorm In Fivner Serres, two conditions on Signals dre required, ; y ( The Signal mut be penvdic , i Wee) = ALT) 7 Flat de
o u l Painet Find the inveue Fourier transtoray OF vectangular Spectrum Shown helow, xl) ~we We cattd XW~ 2 . [We SB owe D lw su Invene Fovrier Stanstovm , we Wey Gey 4 an J) du Wed) n mt iF Fae | ls ae rte) 2 1 sin(wet) “G(s Me at K ee Wet (4) Sine Wet RK %) At t20, Since “and Xlop= Mia Lage a aw weyErample zg Find the Fourier Franstorn oF ati fea) a te, : Fr frat = Pena des oo =A The ampltute Specrum 4 the. impole tes pome . (Frf aceon | 7 [e""') a FPS RUG ee er eel $ ~ dea) From invese. Fourier Transform , oS y ¢ -PO swt Ax hf oe dwe 84) D jute) pn. xs (t-a) oO When a=0, aa ¢ Jen 22n0a) -~D If we inter changite the variables | 2 jwe § 2 de = 2adtw)ia ey) Enamle ‘ Pk a {= fen cae oD Pj lw-w)t = S = dt = 2ASCw,-w) jwit a | Fr fe’ Va 2ak(wer) | Sto-wye Jb Gore) Juke : : The ampliode Spectrum oF € ig ‘Shown a5 below, eis ie. wy Example : aoe jerk burt FTflswdy Fr fe +e : eee ‘ yrrgers ak ae = A Fw w+ % E (v4 1) The amplitude Spectvm OF (opm IS, (Pr Geosunnd \o vmamary Cw) a et At tl — > te > 2 om A rectangular time domain pole it deantformed to a Sing, Fonction in Srequeney, domain . abl xl») ne ie —] —_——_—_ —e — : A sinc Sunetion tq time domain is Franstomed do @ reclangu lar {unetiva in frequents domain , ™ % Eaample” pro Using Fhe equation So the FT, evaluate, the Frequent clomaia Vepresentation Sor the following Signals, Ste, dre namnete Spectrum » gk (@) alls 2% ule-1) & ear 4 st fur X (00) = J, me de = J eat “S jw 3 ets) ey settle rile tacit Clete : su (duis) i cet [ xu} . e wh 4 Xhw) 3 awn Fan (%)Xw) 2 %er © ays te ua 3 : i fe tere Me 3 trie arb dt J i om oe (2+ iu) (Xu = : VES eu ay ) ( ie |Erample — Determi = 32) Caramel eetming the time-domain Signals loresponding to the $Sollowing Fovrier transforms. . oe Ae, ete swt qs ay - Je ( S06 lw Jee } worn aus) is sheen © (3) , GEAR cn ee ~ bellow tw) fe~~ > F P A322 fut a we YA fe en dw Hi = le) Pn a - kaSe i, dis = 2 Sin Ce-9) RK Al(t-2)7 x Proper Hes of Foutrer Fransdorn eee eerste eg ates eee oO Frequenc4 ~ shift Property kt PT : e agjgerl » xlv- ) Example Using, the Frequencsy ~ shift Properly , determine the. FT of Ane boriplex Sineoidal Pole dy = ae ela D elie wher We tan eapress the Yl) as the Product of @ Compley Sinvsvidal @** and reciangolar Polie , #4) , alt) = \ ae Dw else Where | Using Previous erample , we oblain xg Fly % Sin wa Using shidt Popary , dot @ at) gFTy Xl ww vig ets 2e. (1 Sin (we) Rr wy (1) Time Shit Property a pte lento) a FT oY (w) Example ie Using FT bf the rectangular Pulic wee) Shown ih FIgvre 114) belle determine the Fr OF the time-shitted rectangular Pole ,“gie) , 45 Shown In Figure 1b). at yw ‘aah aa \ 1 1 7 — ap Figore a7 Figure. 1b ) w Yit) - al4-Ty Thertore, time Shite Property Implies, Ntuys ou Me = 2. Set tar There fore, —jwT Yee x Siw a(iii) Scaling Property —_ TE yeep ataty , then Ys bo x ( % ) 141 Enample oo lee mlt) be the. tecten gvlar polse , xt) = ’ js HE) o KIS) 1 t+ 1 ee =a ' Using the § caling Property, find the FT ob Yu) ce Y(t} = { Le an o >a 4 > € wh > esp ¥(w) 2 2g Sin bw) Noe that, winy= ate) | theefre 2 6. s Vw) = Yay CA) = 2X20) Viw) = 2 +2 Sin( rw) a Yow) go Sin( 2%) —.a Qw) Ditderentiatio ry time d alt) rt ; ie Fad a Xl) -at xi se" ak) = > Xu) = tae at dle Hegel SwxXw)- jw de Got 8) Lem verity the differentiakion Property , by finding the FT divectig d (ee ue) a = - ae de te eat uk) +e FU) - oe uu + $b) Je jer seo ee aj (v) Ditterentiqlion in Fre quency aft att) _ bu d Xl») dw => Ditterentietion in Frequency torel ponds Fo muHtiplicetion in time, by dt .