POINTS TO REMEMBER XII (ALL)

(1) List of Monomers & Polymers

Monomer(s) Structure of Polymer / Common uses
Name of Polymer
1. CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 —CH 2  C  C  CH 2—
n
| |
G G
Branched chain polymer
2. G = –CH3
Natural rubber
—CH 2  C  C  CH 2—
n
CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 |
| CH 3
CH 3 Polyisoprene
( (Isoprene)

Synthetic rubber
3. G = Cl —CH 2  C  C  CH 2—
n
(Cloroprene) |
Cl
Polycloroprene or Neoprene

4. CH2=CH2 (ethylene)  CH 2  CH 2—n

5. CH2=CH–Ph (styrene)
6. CH2=CH–Cl(vinyl chloride)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
— Houseware, containers, bottles,
Polyethene toys, polyethylene sheets, and
films for packaging
—[ CH  CH 2— ]n
| Houseware, toys, disposable, food
Ph containers, packaging (styrofoam),
Polystyrene cabinets for electrical and electronic
gadgets
—[CH  CH— ]n
| Tubes and pipes for electrical fitting,
Cl sanitary pipes, floor tiles, insulation
for cables, as a substitute for leather

7. CH2=CH–CN In sweaters, blankets, and clothing

—[CH 2  CH— ]n
(acrylonitrile) | as a substitute for wool
CN
Poly acrylonitrite (PAN) Orlon

8. CF2 = CF2 —[CF2  CF2—]n Non-stick cooking utensils, gaskets,

bearings, and insulating fittings.
Polytetrafluoro ethylene or Teflon

—[CH 2  CH  CH 2  (CH 2 ) 2  CH—]n Synthetic rubber

9. CH2=CH–CH=CH2 + |
Ph–CH=CH2 Ph
Styrene–Butadiene Rubber (BUNA–S)

10. CH2=CH–CH=CH2 + —[CH 2  CH  CH  CH 2  CH  CH—

]n Synthetic rubber
|
CH  CH 2 CN
| BUNA–N
CN
11. + Terylene or Dacron Fibre, Tyre, Belts

12. + as a binding
material for
mixed plastic
Glyptal
O
13. ||
—[ NH  (CH 2 )5  C— ]n Fibre, rope, plastic
Caprolactum
Nylon–6

14. NH2–(CH2)6–NH2 O O
|| ||
Hexa methyl diamine + —[ NH  (CH 2 ) 6  NH  C  (CH 2 ) 4  C— ]n Fibre, parachutes
Adipic acid
Nylon–66
COOH–(CH2)4–COOH

O
||
15. Urea + HCHO [ NH  C  NH  CH 2 —
— ]n Fibre, unbreakable
cups & plates
Urea formaldehyde resin

16. Plastic sheets

Melamine
+ Melamine formaldehyde resin

HCH
||
O

Insulating material
17. + HCHO for electrical goods
Bakellite thermosetting plastic

—[ CH 2  CH —]n Synthetic carpets,

18. CH2=CH–CH3 | automobile parts,
(Propylene) CH 3 packaging, toys, and
Polypropylene houseware.

—[ CH 2  CH —
]n Adhesives, as binder
19. CH2=CH–OCOCH3 | for paints
(Vinyl acetate) OCOCH 3
Polyvinyl acetate
20. CH2=CH–CO2CH3 —[ CH 2  CH —
]n As a substitute of glass
Methyl methacrylate |
COOCH 3
Polymethyl methacrylate
(Plexiglass, Lucite)

21. CH2=CCl2 Cl Air and water proof packaging films.

|
[Vinylidine chloride] —[ CH 2  C —]n Its copolymer with vinyl chloride is
(1,1-dichloroethene) | used for making conveyer belts and
Cl acid proof ropes.
Polyvinylidine chloride
(Saran)

CH 3
|
22. CH2=C(CH3)2 —[ CH 2  C —
]n As lining and insulators for cables.
(Isobutene) | Its copolymer with isoprene is used
CH 3 for manufacturing tyres.
Polyisobutene
23. Phenol and Bakelite Electrical switches, lamination, etc.
formaldehyde

24. Urea and formaldehyde Urea-formaldehyde resin Ion-exchange resin, adhesives,

electrical fittings, grease resisting
textile, foams, lamination.

25. Melamine and Melamine-formaldehyde resin Kictenware (melamine crockery),

formaldehyde furniture, laminates, electrical
insulators, adhesives, fabric and
paper treatment.

26. Adipic acid and Nylon 6,6 Synthetic fibre

Hexa-methylenediamine

27. Caprolactam *Nylon 6 Synthetic fibre

28. Terphthalic acid and Polyester (Terylene, Dacron) Synthetic fibre of high tensile strength
Ethylene glycol (or its with anti-wrinkle properties.
ester)

29. Bis-phenol A and Polycarbonate Used extensively in automobile

Carbonic acid industry, table cutlery, as protective
derivative covering, compact disc (CD), as
bullet proof sheets, safety glasses,
etc.

30. Diisocyanates and Diols Polyurethanes As adhesive, in shoe soles, tyres,

and foam surface coating in paints
and varnishes.
 (2) Reducing agents and their role
Group Product LAH in LiAlH(OCMe3)3 NaBH4 LiAH4 B2H6 H2+
ether in THF in EtOH +AlCl3 in THF catalyst

–CHO –CH2OH + – + + + +

>C=O >CH–OH + – + + + +

–CO2H –CH2OH + – – + + +

–CO2R –CH2OH + – – + + +

–COCl –CH2OH + +* + + – +

–CONH2 –CH2NH2 + – – + + +

(RCO)2O RCH2OH + – – + + +

–CN –CH2NH2 + – – + + +

>C=NOH –CH2NH 2 + – – + – +

RNO2 RNH2 + – – + – +

>C=C< >CH–CH< – – – – + +

–CC– –CH=CH– – – – + + +

1° RX RH + – – + – +

* Product is RCHO