POLYMER

POLYMER
The process in which large number of small
molecules are combined together and form a big molecule
is called polymerisation and after polymerisation we get a
product which is called polymer.
(वह प्रक्रिया क्रिसमे अत्यक्रिक संख्या में छोटे -छोटे अणु
आपस में िुड़कर एक बड़े अणु का क्रिमाा ण करते है । उसे बहुलीकरण
कहते है । तथा बहुलीकरण के पश्चात उत्पन्न उत्पाद को बहुलक कहते
है ।)
 POLYMER

POLY MER
(Many)
One part or unit part
or
Monomer
Ex
Polymerisation
n CH2 = CH2 −(CH2 − CH2)−n
Ethene Polyethene
 Natural Polymer Semisynthetic Polymer Synthetic polymer
Ex Protein , Starch , Ex Cellulose acetate Ex Polyethene ,
Cellulose Cellulose nitrate Bakelite , Nylon-6 , 6
Linear
Ex polymer
Homopoly- HDP, PVC, Nylon
mer 2. Source Bransched
1. Repeating 2. Structure Ex polymer
unit POLYMER LDP
4. Intermolecular Cross linked
or
Copolymer force Network polymer
Ex Bakelite
Elastomers Fibers Thermoplastic Thermosetting
Ex Natural rubber , Ex Nylon-6 ,6 , Ex
Polyethene , Ex Bakelite etc
Volcanised rubber Polyster PVC etc
Buna-S , Buna-N
 POLYMER
5. Mode of Polymerisation

Addition Condensation
Polymerisation Polymerisation
Addition polymerisation
The process in which one or more than one types of
monomers are combined together by addition reaction is called
addition polymerisation and after this process we get a product
which is called addition polymer.
वह प्रक्रिया क्रिसमे एक या एक स अक्रिक प्रकार के monomer
आपस में योगात्मक अक्रिक्रिया के द्वारा िुड़ते िाते है उसे योगात्मक बहुलीकरण
कहते है । तथा इस प्रक्रिया के उपरां त उत्पन्न उत्पाद को योगात्मक बहुलक कहते
है ।
It is also called chain growth polymerisation.
(इसे chain growth polymerisation िी कहते है ।)
Example
Polyethene , HDP , LDP , Teflon , PAN , PVC , Buna-S ,
Buna-N , Neoprene , Natural rubber (Polyisoprene) etc
Condensation polymer
The polymer which is formed by repeatative
condensation reaction between two bifunction or trifunctional
monomers is called condensation polymer and this process is
called condensation polymerisation.
वह polymer िो दो bifunctional या trifunctional monomer
के बीच repeatative condensation reaction के द्वारा प्राप्त होता है । उसे
condensation polymer कहते है तथा इस प्रक्रिया को condensation
polymerisation कहते है ।
 It is also called step growth polymer.
(इसे step growth polymer कहते है )
Example
Nylon-6,6 , Nylon-6 , Dacron (Terylene) , Glyptal , Bakelite ,
Melamine-formaldehyde , PHBV , Nylon-2-Nylon-6 etc
 Polymer Monomer
1. Polyethene Ethene (CH2 = CH2)

2. Teflon Tetrafluoroethene
(Polytetrafluoroethene) (CF2 = CF2)
3. PAN Acrylonitrile
(CH2 = CH)

−
CN
4. PVC Vinylchloride
(Polyvinylchloride) CH2 = CH)

−
Cl
5. Nylon-6 , 6 a. Hexamethyldiamine
NH2 −(CH2)6− NH2
b. Adipic acid
O O

=
=
HO − C −(CH2)4− C −OH
O
C
a. Caprolactum CH2
6. Nylon-6 N H
CH2
CH2 CH2
b. Water (H2O) CH2
7. Dacron (Terylene) a. Ethylene glycol
HO − CH2 − CH2 − OH
b. Terephtlic acid
O O

=
=
HO − C − − C −OH
8. Glyptal a. Ethylene glycol
(HO − CH2 − CH2 − OH)

b. Phthalic acid
O O

= −
= −
HO − C C −OH
 9. Bakelite a. Phenol OH

−
OH OH OH

−
−

−
− − − − − − − −
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
b. Formaldehyde
− −
− −

− −
CH2 CH2 CH2 O

=
− − − − (H − C − H)
H2C CH2 CH2 − −
CH2
−

OH OH −OH
10.Melamineformaldehyde a. Melamine
H N H
H N C C N N

N N
C
NH2
b. Formaldehyde
O

=
(H − C − H)
11. Buna-S (S.B.R) a. Styrene CH = CH2

−
b. Butadiene
(CH2 = CH − CH = CH)

12. Natural rubber Isoprene

(Polyisoprene) CH3

−
(CH2 = C − CH = CH2
13. Buna-N a. Butadiene
(CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
b. Acrylonitrile
(CH = CH2)

−
CN

14. Neoprene Chloroprene

Cl

−
(CH2 = C − CH = CH2)
15. PHBV a. 3-Hydroxybutanoic acid
O

=
(OH − CH − CH2 − C − OH)

−
CH3

b. 3-Hydroxypentanoic acid
O

=
(HO − CH − CH2 − C − OH)

− −
CH2
CH3
16. Nylon-2-Nylon-6 a. Glycine
O

=
H2N − (CH2) − C − OH)

b. Aminocaproic acid
O

=
H2N − (CH2)5 − C − OH)
1. In which of the following is a natural polymer ?
(क्रिम्न में कौि सा प्राकृक्रतक बहुलक है ?)

A Protein (प्रोटीि)
B Nylon-6 (िायलॉि-6)
C Buna-S (ब्यूिा-S)
D Terylene (टे रीलीि)
2. Buna – N and Buna – S are –
(ब्यूिा – N तथा ब्यूिा – S है -)
A Natural rubber (क्रवलेय के अणु)
B Synthetic rubber (क्रवलायक के अणु)
C Latex (िक्रटल आयि)
D Polythene (सरल अयि)
3. Write the monomer of Teflon
(टे फलॉि के एकलक क्या है ?)
4. Natural Rubber is a polymer of :
(िैचरल रबर क्रिम्नक्रलखित का बहुलक है -)
A Styrene (क्रवलेय के अणु)
B Isoprene (क्रवलायक के अणु)
C Chloroprene (िक्रटल आयि)
D Butadiene (सरल अयि)
5. Which of the following is a biodegradable polymer ?
(क्रिम्न में कौि बायोक्रिग्रेिेबल बहुलक है ?)
A Cellulose (सेल्यूलोि)
B Polythene (पॉक्रलथीि)
C PVC (क्रपवीसी)
D Nylon-66 (िायलॉि-66)
6. Which of the following is not a condensation polymer ?
(क्रिम्नक्रलखित में कौि संघिक बहुलक िहीं है ?)
A Glyptal (खिप्टल)
B Nylon – 6, 6 (िायलॉि – 6, 6)

C PTFE (PTFE)
D Dacron (िै िॉि)
7. What is polymerisation ? Define the term addition
polymerisation and condensation polymer . Give one
example of each
(बहुलीकरण क्या है ? योगात्मक बहुलीकरण और संघिि बहुलीकरण
को पररिाक्रित कीक्रिये। प्रत्येक का एक एक उदाहरण दें । )