SPECIFICATION FOR PAINTING - GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS

S. Watanabe
0 Approved for Construction (AFC) N. Tanuma K. Okuma
E. Legghe
28 Apr. 2021

B Issued for Review (IFR) N. Tanuma E. Legghe S. Watanabe 30 Mar. 2021

A Issued For Internal Review (IFIR) N. Tanuma E. Legghe S. Watanabe 16 Mar. 2021

REV DESCRIPTION BY CHKD APVD DATE

REVISIONS

CLIENT : Qatargas Operating Company limited CONTRACT No. : LTC/C/NFE/3945/18

PROJECT : North Field East Project Onshore LNG Facilities

DOC CLASS : 2
DOC NO. : 60-00-CE-SPC-00001
Operation Center Document No.: AKP87-0000-C1165-00001

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CONTENTS

1. SCOPE .............................................................................................................................. 3
2. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 3
3. GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 6
4. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS............................................................................................... 8
5. SURFACE PREPARATION .............................................................................................. 9
5.1. General....................................................................................................................... 9
5.2. Cleaning Methods .................................................................................................... 10
5.3. Nonmetallic Surfaces ............................................................................................... 12
5.4. Hot Dip Galvanized Surfaces ................................................................................... 13
6. PAINT APPLICATION ..................................................................................................... 14
7. SHOP PAINTING ............................................................................................................ 16
8. COATING PROCEDURE ................................................................................................ 16
9. HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................. 17
10. HANDLING OF COATED ITEMS.................................................................................... 18

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This specification 60-00-CE-SPC-00001 defines the painting general requirements for vendors
and field including applicable Codes, Standards and Regulations for the Onshore LNG Facilities
of the NORTH FIELD EAST (NFE) PROJECT.
Referenced specification 60-00-CE-SPC-00003 defines the painting specific requirements
including Painting work HSE, Paint system selection and qualification, Scope of work, Paint
materials, Surface preparation, Paint application, Handling and storage of painted articles,
Inspection, and etc.

The requirements of this Project Specification 60-00-CE-SPC-00001 shall be supplemented by

relevant Project specification, Codes, Standards, and Regulations referenced herein.

Project Specifications

Document No. Document Title

[1] NFEF-60-44-CI-TS-NA-004 Specification for Concrete Materials, Mix and

(TBD) Construction

[2] NFEF-60-41-AR-TS-NA-005 Specification for painting - Building

(TBD)

[3] 60-00-CE-SPC-00003 Specification for Painting – Manufacturing Facilities

API (American Petroleum Institute) Standards

Document No. Document Title

[1] STD 2015 (2014) Requirements for Safe Entry and Cleaning
Petroleum Storage Tanks

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Document No. Document Title

[1] ISO 2409 (2020) Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test

[2] ISO 2808 (2019) Paints and varnishes - Determination of film

thickness

[3] ISO 4624 (2016) Paints and varnishes - Pull-off test for adhesion

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[4] ISO 4628 (2016) Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of

paint paintings - Designation of intensity, quantity
and size of common types of defect

[5] ISO 8501-1 (2007) Preparation of steel substrates before the

application of paints and related products -Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust
grades and preparation grades of unpainted steel

[6] ISO 8501-3 (2006) Preparation of steel substrates before the

application of paints and related products -Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 3:
Preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas
with surface imperfections

[7] ISO 8502-3 (2017) Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products -Tests for the assessment
of surface cleanliness - Part 3: Assessment of dust on
steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure-sensitive
tape method)

[8] ISO 8502-4 (2017) Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products -Tests for the assessment
of surface cleanliness – Part 4: Guidance on the
estimation of the probability of condensation prior to
paint application.

[9] ISO 8502-6 (2020) Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products - Tests for the assessment
of surface cleanliness - Part 6: Extraction of soluble
contaminants for analysis - The Bresle method

[10] ISO 8502-9 (2020) Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products - Tests for the assessment
of surface cleanliness - Part 9: Field method for the
conductometric determination of water-soluble salts

[11] ISO 8503-1 (2012) Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products - Surface roughness
characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates - Part
1: Specification and definition for ISO surface profile
comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-
cleaned surfaces

[12] ISO 8503-2 (2012) Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products - Surface roughness
characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates - Part
2: Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive
blast-cleaned steel - Comparator

[13] ISO 9223 (2012) Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of

atmospheres - Classification, determination and
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estimation

[14] ISO 9224 (2012) Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of

atmospheres - Guiding values for the corrosivity
categories

[15] ISO 11124 (2018) Paints and varnishes – Preparation of steel substrates
before application of paints and related products -
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

[16] ISO 11127 (2011) Paints and varnishes – Preparation of steel substrates
before application of paints and related products- Test
methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

[17] ISO 12944 (2017, 2018 for Part 6 Paint and Vanishes – Corrosion protection of steel
& 9, 2019 for Part 5) structure by protective paint

[18] ISO 19840 (2012) Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel
structures by protective paint systems - Measurement
of, and acceptance criteria for, the thickness of dry films
on rough surfaces

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Document No. Document Title

[1] ASTM D3359 (2017) Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test

[2] ASTM D4285 (2018) Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed
Air

[3] ASTM D4417 (2019) Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast

Cleaned Steel

[4] ASTM D4541 (2017) Standard test method for pull-off strength of
coatings using portable adhesion testers

[5] ASTM D4752 (2020) Measuring MEK resistance of ethyl silicate

(inorganic) zinc-rich primers by solvent rub

[6] ASTM D4940 (2020) Standard test method for conductimetric analysis of
water soluble ionic contamination of blasting
abrasives

Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)

Steel Structures Painting Manual, Volume 1 Good Painting Practice & Volume 2 Systems and
Specifications
Document No. Document Title

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[1] VIS 1 (2004) Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel

[2] SP 1 (2016) Solvent Cleaning

[3] SP 2 (2018) Hand Tool Cleaning

[4] SP 3 (2018) Power Tool Cleaning

[5] SP 6 (2007) Commercial Blast Cleaning

[6] SP 7 (2007) Brush-off Blast Cleaning

[7] SP 10 (2007) Near-White Blast Cleaning

[8] SP 11 (2013) Power tool cleaning to bare metal

[9] SP 16 (2010) Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Coated and Uncoated

Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steel and Non-Ferrous
Metals

[10] AB1 (2019) ABRASIVE SPECIFICATION NO. 1, Mineral and Slag

Abrasives

[11] AB2 (2016) ABRASIVE SPECIFICATION NO. 2, Cleanliness of

Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives

[12] AB3 (2017) ABRASIVE SPECIFICATION NO. 3, Ferrous Metallic

Abrasive

(1) Reference documents referred to herein shall be considered as part of this Specification.
Procedures, conditions, and precautions to be followed in the preparation of a surface for
painting, as well as paint handling and application, shall be in accordance with this
Specification.
(2) Shop and field painting shall be in accordance with this specification. Vendors, Sub-
vendors and Sub-contractors shall select painting system number (1C, 2C 3C, etc.) in
accordance with 60-00-CE-SPC-00003, and specify detail information into painting
procedure, work method statement and detailed shop drawings which are subject to
CONTRACTOR’s review and approval.
For site or field painting work, Sub-contractors and CONTRACTOR shall ensure painting
system number are shown on Isometric/Shop drawings and stamped onto metallic spool
tags prior to the painting work start.
(3) Unless otherwise specified, the surfaces specified in Section 3, (3) of 60-00-CE-SPC-00003
are not to be painted, except where safety color coding is required.
(4) The choice of paint system shall be based on the maximum operating temperature of the
piping and equipment surfaces. If Equipment and piping require steam-out / defrosting,

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painting system shall have a heat resistance capable of withstanding the conditions. Refer
to Section 3, (2), d) of 60-00-CE-SPC-00003 for detail.
(5) The method of surface preparation, including the coating system and type and color of paint
to be used, shall be in accordance with the project specifications. Only skilled painters shall
be used. In the event of any conflict with this Specification, the project specifications shall
take precedence.
(6) Only paint and painting materials approved by CONTRACTOR / COMPANY shall be used.
These materials shall be delivered to the job site in sealed and labeled containers. The label
of each paint can shall include batch number, expiration date, shelf life, and color code. The
containers shall be stored in a location that is protected from the elements; well ventilated;
and free from excessive heat, open flame, or other sources of ignition. Paint, Solvent and
Thinners shall be stored in segregated areas, such as paints are stored separately from
thinners and solvents. Paint materials susceptible to freezing shall be stored in a heated area.
(7) Paint shall be mixed thoroughly immediately prior to application. Mixing and handling of
painting material shall be performed in areas that are not judged to be dangerous and where
air can circulate freely. Recommended mixers are mechanical stirrers, paddle mixers, and
can vibrators or shakers. If mechanical aids are not available, mixing by hand is acceptable
provided the following procedure is employed:
a) For Single-Packaged, Ready-Mixed Materials - Remove a portion of liquid from the top
of the container and transfer to a clean container. Mix the remaining portion with a clean,
broad, strong paddle. Use a lifting, whirling motion to thoroughly incorporate the heavier
liquid that has settled to the bottom. Replace the removed portion a little at a time, mixing
thoroughly each time a portion is added until the entire contents are of a uniform
consistency. A "boxing procedure" (pouring back and forth several times to clean
containers) will assist in thorough mixing.
b) For Multi-component Materials (e.g. Epoxy Coatings) - Mix each component, if
pigmented, individually [see Item (a)] before combining the components in the exact
proportions specified. When metallic powder is one of the components, add the powder
slowly to the liquid base while mixing. Continue mixing until the material is smooth and
free of lumps. For spray application, strain mixed materials through fabric or wire mesh.
(8) The pot life of any paint shall be carefully noted and any mixed paint that has exceeded pot
life must be discarded irrespective of its apparent condition. Painting Applicator QC shall
periodically check pot life in the shop, field and paint storage areas.
(9) Paint shall be thinned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or as called for in
the project specifications. Only thinners of a type recommended by the Coating Manufacturer
shall be used. Thinners shall only be added under supervision and shall be thoroughly mixed
into the paint.
Improper thinning can result in poor paint or application, which will cause inadequate paint
performance. Also, improper use of thinners can result in increased emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs).
(10) Precautions shall be taken to prevent paint or surface preparation procedures from impacting
on nameplates, couplings, shafts, or other finished surfaces (valve stems, bearings, linkages,
vent openings, instrument windows); to lines, equipment designation markings, and adjacent
painted surfaces; or to the interior of equipment. Any paint spots or streaks that may have
formed shall be removed on completion of painting.
(11) Precautions shall be taken to prevent damage to such equipment as motors, compressors,
motorized vehicles, or welding machines adjacent to, or downwind of, any cleaning or
painting operation.
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(12) Painted surfaces shall not be handled until the paint has dried, except where the coating is
to be heat cured. Areas that have been damaged in handling shall be re-cleaned and
retouched with the same number of coats and types of paint as were previously applied to
the surface material. If the prime coat on steel or iron surfaces has been damaged, all paint
shall be removed from the affected area. The surface shall then be cleaned and repainted in
accordance with the project specifications.
(13) On completion of the work, Coating Applicator shall remove all tape, grease, and other
materials used to mask equipment components. All paint cans, cloths, blasting abrasives,
equipment, and similar items shall be removed from the work site and disposed of by Coating
Applicator as directed in the project specifications. Excess solvents, paint, and cleaning
materials shall not be dumped on the ground or emptied into sewers.
(14) The disposal of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the appropriate state or
federal regulations. The disposal procedure shall be included in the Coating Applicator work
procedure.
(15) The colors used in COMPANY facilities shall conform to section 10, TABLE 1 and TABLE 3
of 60-00-CE-SPC-00003.
(16) To allow proper surface preparation and painting application, consideration shall be given to
ISO 12944-3 during design stage, in order to avoid as much as possible poor accessibility.
The overall design shall be planned to facilitate surface preparation, painting, inspection and
maintenance.
(17) Materials that have exceeded the Painting Manufacturer's recommended shelf life shall not
be used. If the Painting Manufacturer's recommended pot life limit is reached, the spray pot
shall be emptied appropriately as per the Paint Manufacturer instruction, cleaned, and new
material shall be mixed. Surfaces that will be inaccessible after assembly or installation shall
be cleaned and painted before installation. Such surfaces include, but are not limited to,
underneath of baseplate, skids, saddles, skirts, supports.
(18) All Stainless steel and non-ferrous metals shall be protected from blasting, overspray, and
paintings containing metallic zinc intended for Carbon and Low alloy (1 1/4 Cr through 9 Cr)
steel (= C.S). Direct contact between Galvanized steel and Stainless steel shall be avoided.
Contamination of Stainless steel from Carbon steelC.S shall be avoided in blasting areas,
and same blast cabins for both materials shall be avoided as far as possible. For items having
dissimilar materials of construction, paintings containing zinc shall not overlap onto Stainless
steel or non-ferrous metals. In that case, the paint system selected for Stainless steel shall
be applied on the welded joint with a minimum overlap of approximatively 50mm onto the
Carbon steelC.S. Tools for C.S and Tools for non-C.S alloys (such as Stainless steel, non-ferrous
metals) shall be segregated to avoid cross-contamination.

The terms for exposure conditions, as used in this Specification is defined below:

- Coast Industrial Environment:

Where surfaces sometimes are exposed to condensation, moderate salinity, or high relative
humidity (greater than 65 percent).
The coast industrial environment area is;
LOT W1A, W2 and W3: New Facilities for NFE.

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Prior to painting, all surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of any contaminants to prevent
premature failure of the coating. The method of surface preparation used shall be compatible with
the primer, or a combination of the methods described in Paragraph 5.2. For general surface
preparation procedures and requirements, the SSPC Steel Structures Painting Manual (Volumes
1 and 2) shall be used as a reference. Prior to blasting, all steel and welding imperfections such
as, lamination defects, flame cuts, dents, welding shots, drops spatters, flux pore and other, shall
be removed as required by ISO 8501-3. Welds shall be prepared to grade P2 of ISO 8501-3.
Sharp edges shall be rounded to a radius of minimum 2 mm radius for atmospheric exposed
surfaces, a minimum 3mm for immersion surfaces.
Painting Applicator's paint QC shall be responsible for the following;
- Examining all surfaces to be coated to determine their acceptability for the specified work.
- Providing immediate written notification to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY if the surfaces are
found to be unacceptable. Painting Applicator shall not commence work on the affected area
until corrective action and or nonconformance on the item has be completed or corrected.
- Commencement of work prior to taking corrective action shall preclude any subsequent claim
by Painting Applicator.

(1) Abrasive blast cleaning is the preferred method of surface preparation, it shall be used except
in hazardous areas where blast cleaning is not permitted. Following abrasive materials shall
be used;
Type Generic Name Referenced Standard
ISO SSPC
Metallic Steel grit ISO 11124-3 SSPC AB3
Non metallic Garnet ISO11126-10 SSPC AB1
Aluminum Oxide ISO11126-7 Not applicable
A conductivity of abrasive media shall not exceed 250μS/cm measured per ASTM D4940.
If stainless steel, galvanized steel, high-alloy steel or aluminum surfaces are to be painted,
aluminum oxide or garnet abrasives shall be used for the blast cleaning. Metallic abrasive
shall not be used for surface preparation of stainless steel surfaces.
(2) The area where blast cleaning is to be done should be roped off and posted to keep out
unauthorized personnel. Grit abrasive shall be used with a minimum surface profile of
50microns (=2mil). Silica sand shall not be used due to the possible personnel health hazard
from ingested silica dust.
Blast-cleaning equipment shall be checked regularly by Painting Applicator Painting QC in
accordance with manufacturer's requirements. If there are no manufacturer's
recommendation for this then Applicator shall submit a maintenance check plan along with
the responsible parties to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY in order to ensure checks will be
performed by qualified personnel. Blasting equipment shall be fitted with dead man control
to start and stop the flow of abrasive. Entire system shall be grounded, including hoses,
operator, and work piece.
(3) All C.Scarbon steel and low alloy (1 1/4 Cr through 9 Cr) materials shall be abrasive blast
cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP10 or ISO 8501-1 Sa2.5 performed with a sharp grade

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of abrasive. Blast-cleaned surfaces are required for Zinc Rich Epoxy system, Inorganic Zinc
system and other systems.
(4) Stainless steel, high alloy, aluminum, hot dip galvanized steel and aluminized steel surfaces
requiring painting shall be abrasive blast cleaned per SSPC- SP16: Brush-Off Blast Cleaning
of Coated and Uncoated Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steel and Non-Ferrous Metals”
performed with either garnet or aluminum oxide abrasive.
(5) Abrasive blasting shall not be used on items which could be damaged by abrasive blasting
such as thin plate/tube which deforming during blasting, flange serration face, mechanical
parts for valves / machinery / electrical & instrument, etc. Power tool cleaning per SSPC-
SP11 to produce an anchor profile of 25 m or greater may be used for spot area surface
preparation. Power tool cleaning per SSPC SP3 / ISO 8501 St 3 grade are not acceptable
on bare metal since it does not produce an acceptable surface profile, unless otherwise
approved by Coating Manufacturer and CONTRACTOR. Extent of power tool cleaning shall
be detailed in the application procedure subject to CONTRACTOR approval.
(6) Prior to the start of field blasting, Coating Applicator shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of
the CONTRACTOR / COMPANY's field representative or authorized painting inspector that
the selected abrasive / power tool will provide the specified anchor profile and surface
cleanliness. This shall be done by blasting a representative piece of steel, and measuring
the anchor profile in accordance with ASTM D4417 Method C and/or comparing the surface
cleanliness to the appropriate visual standard. Any changes in the abrasive, mesh size or
power tool shall be qualified in the same way prior to use.
(7) Spent abrasive shall not be re-used without specific permission from CONTRACTOR /
COMPANY. This may be considered only on a case by case basis (e.g. Re-cycled abrasives
complies with SSPC AB2, etc.).

Definitions of, and requirements for, the various methods of surface cleaning are given in the
following paragraphs.

5.2.1. Blast Cleaning

Definition: The removal of mill scale, rust, rust scale, foreign material, or paint from a surface by
the use of abrasives propelled through nozzles or by centrifugal wheels.
Prior to blast cleaning, oil and similar matter shall be removed with a solvent wash.
Normally, steel surfaces shall not be blasted when the surface temperature is less than 3°C
(5°F) above the dew point, relative humidity is greater than 85 percent, or there is a possibility
that the blasted surface will be subject to wetting before the first coat of primer can be applied.
Surfaces shall be blown, wiped, or vacuumed free of blasting abrasive and dust before they are
primed.
Since freshly blasted surfaces are subject to immediate corrosion, particularly in areas of high
humidity or salt atmospheres such as marine environments, no more surface shall be blast
cleaned than can be prime coated before visible or detrimental re-rusting occurs. Blasted
surfaces shall be prime coated no later than at the end of the same workday. Paint shall be
applied before the degree of cleanliness is degraded. If any rust appears before the paint
application, the surface shall be re-blasted to reach initial requirement.
A 300 mm (12 in.) wide strip of uncoated, blasted surface shall be left between primed and not
blasted surfaces to prevent damage to the newly dried coating when additional blasting is done.
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When blast cleaning is resumed, the 300 mm strip of previously blasted surface shall require
only a light brush blast to remove any rust that may remain. Cleaning shall be accomplished by
directing the cleaning nozzle away from the coated surface.
Generally, a surface profile of 50 to 75 micron (2 to 3 mil) is desirable. The surface profile shall
be assessed in accordance with ASTM D4417 or ISO 8503-5.
Blast-cleaning equipment shall be checked regularly to ensure that the air pressure is adequate
and that the air is free from oil or water contamination. Traps and filters shall also be checked
and cleaned regularly.
Wet blasting may be used when air pollution problems preclude the use of dry blasting. The
blasted surface shall be treated with a corrosion inhibitor to minimize re-rusting. The
compatibility between a corrosion inhibitor and a particular paint product can be confirmed with
the Coating Manufacturer.
Once blast cleaning achieved, dust level and soluble salt contamination shall be assessed on
the prepared surface.
Dust level shall be checked in accordance with ISO 8502-3 and result shall be class 2 or better
for both quantity and size particles.
Soluble salt contamination shall be checked in accordance with ISO 8502-6 for extraction of
contaminants and ISO 8502-9 for quantitative determination. The maximum allowable content
shall not exceed 30mg/m2 for atmospheric condition.
Degrees of blast cleaning are:
(1) White Metal Blast (SSPC SP5) - After blasting, the surface shall be free of all dirt, mill scale,
rust, corrosion products, oxides, paint, or other foreign matter; shall have a gray-white,
uniform metallic color; and shall be slightly roughened (profile pattern) to form an increased
bonding area for coatings. SSPC VIS 1 (Sa 3) and the equivalent Swedish standards
provide a visual reference for comparison.
(2) Near-White Blast (SSPC SP10) - After blasting, the surface shall be free of oil, grease, dirt,
mill scale, rust, corrosion products, oxides, paint, or other foreign matter. Exceptions to
this rule include light shadows or streaks or slight discolorations caused by rust stain; mill
scale; oxides; or thin, tight residues of paint or coating that may remain.
At least 95 percent of the surface area shall be free of all visible residues; the remainder
shall be limited to the slight discolorations noted above. SSPC VIS 1 (Sa 2 1/2) and the
equivalent Swedish standards provide a visual reference for comparison.
(3) Commercial Blast (SSPC SP6) - After blasting, the surface shall be free of dirt, mill scale,
weld flux, and foreign matter. Rust shall have been removed. An irregular light-red
staining is acceptable, however, provided wire brushing will not improve the condition. Rust
that can be streaked with a brass tool or popped from a cavity shall be removed. SSPC VIS
1 (Sa 2) and the equivalent Swedish standards provide a visual reference for comparison.
(4) Brush-off Blast (SSPC SP7) - After blasting, the surface shall be free of all visible oil, grease,
dirt, dust, loose mill scale, loose rust, and loose paint. Tightly adherent mill scale, rust, and
paint are considered tightly adherent if they cannot be removed by lifting with a dull putty
knife.
(5) Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Coated and Uncoated Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steel and
Non-Ferrous Metals (SSPC SP16) - After blasting, the surface shall be free of all visible oil,
grease, dirt, dust, loose mill scale, loose rust, loose paint. Bare metal substrates shall have
a minimum 19 microns (0.75 mil) of uniform surface profile.

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5.2.2. Power Tool Cleaning (SSPC SP3)

Definition: The removal of loose mill scale, rust, foreign material, or paint from a surface by use
of power-operated wire brushes, impact tools, grinders, or sanders, or a combination of these
tools. SSPC VIS 1 (St 3) and the equivalent Swedish standards provide a visual reference for
comparison.
Prior to power tool cleaning, oil, grease, and salts shall be removed by solvent cleaning. Care
shall be exercised in the use of power tools to prevent excessive roughening of the surface and
the formation of ridges and burrs. Excessive power wire brushing of mill scale produces a
burnished, slick surface not suitable for coating.
Only power sanders shall be used when power cleaning of zinc-rich primed surfaces is required
prior to application of top coats. Wire brushing produces a burnished surface detrimental to top
coating.

5.2.3. Hand Tool Cleaning (SSPC SP2)

Definition: The removal of loose mill scale, rust, paint, and loosely adhering material from a
surface by hand brushing, sanding, scraping, or chipping; by the use of other hand impact tools;
or by a combination of these methods. SSPC VIS 1 (St 2) and the equivalent Swedish standards
provide a visual reference for comparison.
Prior to hand tool cleaning, oil, grease, and salts shall be removed by solvent cleaning. Care
shall be exercised to prevent excessive roughening of the surface and the formation of ridges and
burrs.

5.2.4. Solvent Cleaning (SSPC SP1)

Definition: The removal of foreign matter (oil, grease, soil, drawing and cutting compounds, and
other contaminants) from a surface by the use of solvents, emulsions, cleaning compounds,
steam cleaning, or similar materials and methods that involve a solvent or cleaning action.
Prior to solvent cleaning, soil, cement spatter, salts, or other foreign matter (other than grease or
oil) shall be removed using a stiff fiber brush or wire brush, or by scraping.

5.2.5. Power tool cleaning to bare metal (SSPC-SP11)

Definition: The removal of mill scale, rust, foreign material, or paint completely and produce a
bare metal surface which has minimum 25 micron of surface profile by use of power-operated
impact tools, grinder, abrasive disc sander or other profile producing power tools. Prior to power
tool cleaning, oil, grease, and salts shall be removed by solvent cleaning."

Prior to being painted, certain nonmetallic surfaces require preparations in addition to those
specified in the SSPC Steel Structures Painting Manual. A discussion of these surfaces and
their requirements follows.

5.3.1. Wood
Interior surfaces shall be sanded to a smooth finish. Exterior surfaces shall be sanded only if the
surface is very rough.
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Floors shall be sanded by mechanical means. Pitch or sap shall be removed by scraping and
washing with a suitable solvent. Sappy knots and grain streaks shall be coated with a suitable
sealer.
Nail holes and joints in wood members shall be primed, puttied, and sanded to a smooth, flush
surface. Plastic wood may be used in lieu of putty, especially on interior surfaces. Putty or
plastic wood shall not be applied until the primer has dried.
Window sashes shall be primed before glazing.

5.3.2. Plaster and Wallboard

Plaster shall not be coated until it has dried completely. Large cracks shall be cut out and
patched. Cracks that show up after the application of the first coating shall be spackled and
sealed.
When lime is present, it shall be neutralized by washing with a solution of 0.36 kg/L (3 lb/gal) of
zinc sulfate. The crystals so formed shall be dusted off after drying.

5.3.3. Masonry, Concrete, and Stucco Surfaces

New surfaces shall be allowed to age for a minimum of 30 days before coating.
Pits, cracks, honeycombing, or other surface blemishes shall be opened out and patched with a
1:1 cement-plaster sand grout, or equivalent. The grout shall be worked into the defective areas
with a stiff brush. After application, the grout shall be cured by spraying with water several
times a day for a period of two or three days.
Smooth or slick concrete surfaces shall be acid etched. A 10 percent to 15 percent solution of
hydrochloric (muriatic) acid shall be applied to the wetted surface for 5 to 10 minutes, maximum.
The surface must then be washed thoroughly with clean water. An acceptable alternative
treatment is to abrade mechanically to a uniform surface profile. Concrete floors that have been
treated with a surface hardener shall be sanded, blast cleaned, or repeatedly acid etched until
the hardener is removed.
Coating on concrete shall refer to NFEF-60-44-CI-TS-NA-004 (TBD) / NFEF-60-41-AR-TS-NA-
005 (TBD) for detail.

5.3.4. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Surfaces

FRP exterior surfaces will be painted for the purpose of ultraviolet ray protection and/or color
coding requirement. If another anti-UV protection measures were provided, the painting work is
not necessary.
The surfaces are sanded prior to commence of painting work. For the painting work, FRP
Manufacturer recommended solvent less or solvent free paint material may be used.

Hot dip galvanized surfaces are normally left unpainted. Where painting is required by the
project specifications due to color identification or marine environment, the surfaces shall be
cleaned by one of the following methods:

(1) Solvent cleaning (see Paragraph 5.2.4) for oily contaminants.

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(2) Washing with an alkaline detergent followed by thorough pressure washing with clean
water for all surfaces.
(3) “Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Coated and Uncoated Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steel and
Non-Ferrous Metals” to SSPC SP16. Alternatively SSPC SP3 or SSPC SP2 may be used
instead of sweep blast in accordance with Coating Manufacturer’s instructions.

(1) Oil, grease, salt deposits, soil dust, or foreign matter deposited on the surface after surface
preparation has been completed shall be removed prior to painting. If rusting occurs after
completion of surface preparation, the surface shall be re-cleaned in accordance with the
original method (see Paragraph 5.2).
(2) Paint shall be applied by one, or a combination, of the following methods:
a) Brushing.
b) Roller coating (shall not be used directly on the metal substrate).
c) Air spraying.
d) Airless spraying.
e) Paint mitt (for small-diameter piping and similar applications).
The method of application shall be governed by the Coating Manufacturer's recommendation
for the particular paint being applied. For general application techniques, requirements, and
precautions, SSPC PA1 shall be used as a reference. A stripe coat shall be applied to all
welds, corners and edges after application of the prime coat and before the next full coat.
The strip coat shall be brush applied.
(3) Conventional solvent-based paints generally shall not be applied to exterior surfaces in damp,
humid weather, when the air temperature is below 10°C (50°F), when relative humidity is
above 85 percent or when the surface temperature is less than 3°C (5°F) above the dew
point. Painting shall not take place during adverse weather conditions. Ambient condition to
be checked as per ISO 8502-4.
Water-base paints may be applied to damp surfaces; wetting of exterior surfaces is
recommended during hot-weather application. The water-base paints shall be applied at air
temperatures above 10°C (50°F).
Solvent free chemically cured paints generally shall not be applied at air or surface
temperatures below 18°C (65°F) or when relative humidity is above 80 percent. (The
Coating Manufacturer's recommendations shall be consulted in each case for possible
special temperature requirements.)
Materials shall be mixed and thinned in accordance with the Coating Manufacturer's written
instructions. All mixing shall be done in clean containers that are free from traces of grease,
paints, and other contaminants. Containers shall be kept covered to prevent contamination
by dust, dirt, or rain. Mixing of partial kits is not allowed. No mixing of painting materials from
different Coating Manufacturers shall be permitted.
(4) Surface areas cleaned to base material shall be prime coated with the specified primer the
same day that surface preparation has been completed and before re-rusting occurs.
(5) Stainless steel surfaces are required coatings as follows:

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a) Protective coatings shall be applied for S.S. in accordance with TABLE 3 of 60-00-CE-
SPC-00003 to mitigate chloride stress corrosion cracking (=CSCC).
b) Paints containing metallic lead, or zinc shall not be used to overcoat stainless steel
materials. Also, these paints shall not be applied in proximity to stainless steel where
the stainless steel could be contaminated with molten elemental lead, or zinc as a result
of welding or fire.
c) Special care shall be taken for the protection of stainless steel and high-alloy materials
from blasting, overspray and coatings intended for C.Scarbon steel and low-alloy steel
(= C.S.) materials. Only stainless steel wire brushes which have not been previously
used on C.S. surfaces may be used for hand or power tool cleaning.
Color coding materials for use on stainless steel and high alloy materials shall be low
chloride markers, such as John P. Nissen Low Chloride Metal Markers.
(6) Insulated surfaces shall require special considerations as specified in Section 3, (4) of 60-
00-CE-SPC-00003.
(7) Contact surfaces shall be painted as follows:
a) Faying surfaces of steel members to be joined by high-tensile bolting in friction-type
joints may be primed with an inorganic ethyl silicate. Examples of Inorganic Zinc shall
be referred to 60-00-CE-SPC-00003, TABLE 4. For hot dip galvanized surfaces, SSPC-
SP 16 may be required to achieve a required friction coefficient in accordance with
structural steel design requirement.
b) Carbon steelC.S embedded plates in concrete, excluding reinforcing bars shall be hot-
dip galvanized.
c) Structural steel to be fireproofed by concrete shall be coated with an epoxy barrier
coating or hot-dip galvanizing. When steel surfaces to be fireproofed by Subliming
Compound or Intumescent, primer material shall be recommended by fireproofing
material manufacturer. Detail shall be referred to 60-00-CE-SPC-00003, TABLE 2, Note
4.
d) C.S. surfaces in contact with aluminum surfaces shall be given at least one prime coat
of a zinc rich epoxy or an inorganic ethyl silicate.
e) Wood surfaces (exterior members only) in contact with any other surfaces shall be prime
coated.
f) Any surfaces not in direct bonded contact, but inaccessible after assembly, where shall
be subjected to the specified paint procedure before assembly.
The method of surface preparation and types of paint described in Items (a) through (f) shall
be in accordance with the project specifications for the equipment involved.
(8) Galvanized surfaces that are to be painted for safety color purposes or galvanized surfaces
that are to be exposed to the marine environment shall be coated with an Epoxy primer and
Polyurethane finish coating. Detail shall be referred to 60-00-CE-SPC-00003, TABLE 2,
painting system No.13 & 14.
(9) For special application, galvanized surfaces subject to splash and spillage shall be top coated
with a suitable corrosion resistant finish.
(10) Surfaces shall not be recoated until the preceding coat has properly dried or cured. The
surface may be considered ready for recoating when the next coat can be applied without
the development of paint film irregularities, such as lifting or loss of adhesion of the undercoat.
However, the minimum or maximum drying or curing time specified by the Coating
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Manufacturer shall be the acceptable recoat period. Paint shall not be force dried so as to
cause checking, wrinkling, blistering, pore formation, or any condition detrimental to its
appearance. Newly painted surfaces shall be protected to the fullest extent feasible from rain,
condensation, contamination, snow, and freezing until the coating has dried.
(11) Preferably, successive coats of paint should be of different colors. However, if they are the
same color, alternate coats shall be tinted to produce sufficient contrast to ensure complete
coverage of the surface. The final (finish) coat shall not be tinted. Tinting material shall be
compatible with the paint and shall not be detrimental to its service life.
(12) Where the specified dry-film thickness is not achieved, additional coats shall be applied until
the required thickness is obtained. Application shall be such that the film thickness will not
affect the appearance or service life of the paint.
(13) All paint shall be applied in a workmanlike manner. The finished application shall be uniform
in color, texture, and appearance. The work shall be free of sags, wrinkles, and excessive
brush or roller marks. Any deficiencies shall be corrected by Coating Applicator at his own
expense.
(14) Shop coated steel surfaces damaged during transportation, storage or erection shall be in
accordance with Section 3, (13) of 60-00-CE-SPC-00003.

(1) The preferred approach to painting will be shop application of the entire paint system
including primers and topcoats. This will include all piping and pipe supports. Field repair of
damaged areas caused by erection or handling will be required. The use on any other
approach shall require CONTRACTOR / COMPANY Approval.
(2) When carbon steelC.S equipment and piping is painted at Vendor’s shop, weld bevels to be
field assembled by welding, shall be coated at Vendor’s shop within approximate 50mm (2
in.) of the edges or area to be welded with weldable rust inhibitor such as Aluminized
Bloxide® and Taseto Silver® or equivalent.
When painting is applied to carbon steelC.S equipment and piping at field shop or field, weld
bevels for which weldable rust inhibitor coating is not applied, shall be completely free from
rust and impurities by power tools prior to field welding.
(3) Erection marks and weight marks (if any) shall be painted on the shop-coated surface, except
where markers or tags are attached. The paint used shall be compatible with the shop coating
and with the finish coat to be applied later; it shall not be detrimental to their service lives. If
the final shop coating is the finish coat or an intermediate coat of a chemically cured paint,
markers or tags shall be used to identify steel sections. Markers or tags shall not be
attached until the paint has dried.

Vendor / Sub-Contractor shall submit coating procedure which includes following items (but not
limited to);
(1) Scope
(2) References: Code, Standard, documents, etc.
(3) Paint system summary / schedule table as referenced below;

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Paint system
Item Operating Insulation/
Material DFT Color
No. temp Fireproof
Code Prep. 1st 2nd 3rd
(Min/Max)

(4) Typical drawing of indicated paint system for insulated / fireproofed surface
(5) Preparation before painting work (Application sequence for inaccessible area if any, etc.)
(6) Protection/masking of substrates not to be painted
(7) Protection of high alloy metal on zinc contamination if any
(8) Storage of paint materials, abrasives, etc.
(9) Environmental condition
(10) Surface preparation
(11) Coating application (Material, Mixing, Thinning, Spray, Roller, Brush, etc.)
(12) Application equipment control (Air compressor, Blast machine, Spray equipment)
(13) Touch-up / Repair
(14) Inspection method & tool
(15) Inspection & test plan (items, methods, apparatus, frequency, criteria, witness, etc.)
(16) Record format
(17) Personnel qualification for Applicator and Inspector (Training, Experience, Certificate, etc.)
(18) Health and Safety
(19) Paint and abrasive material data (Including thinner, curing agent, etc.) and data sheet
(20) Coating Manufacturer’s letter (instruction, recommendation etc.) if any

(1) Blast cleaning with grit or synthetic abrasives should be used in lieu of sandblasting.
(2) A protective hood with a positive fresh-air supply shall be used during blast-cleaning
operations.
(3) A filter-type dust mask shall be used during hand tool or power tool cleaning operations in
enclosed areas or in other situations where excessive concentrations of dust are produced.
(4) Protective clothing such as gloves, goggles, and aprons should be worn during solvent
cleaning operations. Hands should be cleaned with a waterless hand cleaner after exposure
to solvents. Clothing or protective equipment that is wet with solvents or paint should be
promptly removed and laundered before reuse.

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(5) Protective clothing such as gloves, goggles, and aprons shall be worn during pickling
operations. Hands should be cleaned with a waterless hand cleaner after exposure to pickling
solutions. Eye protection shall be required during all surface preparation procedures.
(6) Prior to the start of daily work, Vendor, Sub-Contractor and CONTRACTOR shall ascertain
that all necessary tests have been made for toxic gases, chemicals, or explosive mixtures
(see API STD 2015). The safety conditions covered by OSHA and/or the local jurisdiction, as
well as those the Vendor, Sub-Contractor and CONTRACTOR may deem necessary, shall
be met.
(7) Particular care must be exercised when working in close or confined spaces, especially when
spraying. Vendor, Sub-Contractor and CONTRACTOR shall ascertain that all necessary
tests have been made for oxygen sufficiency and hydrogen sulfide. The threshold limit
value (TLV) prescribed by OSHA for the particular solvent vapor in the air shall not be
exceeded unless fresh-air masks, as approved by the National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH), are supplied to workmen. When volatile solvents are
flammable, the concentration in the air shall be kept to one-quarter or less of the lower
explosive limit (LEL) by adequate exhaust or ventilation facilities. All blast-cleaning
equipment shall be maintained in good working order and shall be inspected regularly by
CONTRACTOR / COMPANY safety personnel.
(8) Removal of lead-based products should be done in accordance with all appropriate laws and
regulations. For minor repairs to a red lead/alkyd system, spot blasting and priming with a
compatible non-lead based primer should be conducted. Removal of the entire lead-based
system should be considered.
(9) All operatives shall have received adequate training and be fully competent in the use of
equipment for surface preparation, as well as airless spray application devices, before being
allowed to operate such equipment.
(10) All painting, including disposed of hazardous materials, shall be accomplished in accordance
with local governmental regulations. All applicable VOC regulations shall be strictly observed.
Knowledge of these laws will be necessary to ensure that all such work is conducted in a
safe, legal manner.
(11) Painting containing heavy metals, such as arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, mercury, silver,
chromium and selenium are forbidden. However, zinc coatings containing barium sulphate
and less than 0.02% of lead are acceptable.
(12) Painting containing substances recognized for being carcinogenic (e.g. chromate pigments,
coal tar, asbestos) are forbidden.
(13) Hot work in the neighborhood of a newly painted areas are forbidden.
(14) Scaffolding and/or staging shall comply with the applicable safety rules and local regulations.
Care shall be taken to ensure proper accesses for all quality control testing and repair works
such as scaffolding or staging for works at height.
(15) Blast cleaning abrasives shall not be harmful to operators' health: silica abrasive and copper
slag are forbidden.

To avoid damage when handling coated items, the following special precautions shall be taken;
(1) Coated surfaces shall not be handled until the paint is thoroughly dried as per Coating
Manufacturer’s instruction.
(2) Coated surfaces shall be protected against shocks and blows.
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(3) Coated surfaces that are to be hoisted with a sling, chains, belt, etc. shall be covered by a
rubber sheet, plastic sheet, or similarly effective protection.
(4) The coated article shall be properly supported to avoid it sagging and cracking or wrinkling
the paint film.
(5) The coated article shall not be exposed to temperature exceeding the design temperature for
painting.
(6) The coated article shall not be laid directly on the ground, shall be isolated from metal or
concrete to prevent coating damage.

Information contained in this document is subject to use and disclosure restrictions under the Agreement