EOR

“Solvent Flooding”
Solvent flooding

Solvent : A fluid that recovers oil by mass transfer

 Alcohols
 Nitrogen
 Air
 Flue gas
 Various petroleum gas (C3)
 Methane
 Carbon dioxide
Mechanism

Solvent flooding increase oil production by:

 Viscosity reduction
 Oil swelling
 Gas drive
 Extraction by LPG,CO2,Refined Hyd. Or NG …. Etc
 Capillary number (Nc) increase
 Mobility ratio decrease
Miscibility

If two phases are mixed together with all proportions in

order to form a single phase (no interface).
A miscible process is one in which the interfacial tension
between trapped oil and the displacing fluid is zero; that is,
the displacing fluid and the residual oil mix to form one
phase.
It may be
1. First contact (Direct Miscibility)
2. Multiple ( Developed/Dynamic Miscibility)
Process

Solvent

Miscible Immiscible

Multiple First
Contact Contact

Vaporizing Condensing
Ternary Diagram
Problem

The following phase equilibrium data have been obtained of the two-phase part
of the system. A is in equilibrium with B. the composition are in weight percent.
Problem

1. Plot the data and construct the phase envelope. Estimate the composition of the
plait (critical point)
2. Determine the location of these points
a): (20% C1, 50% C2-6, and 30% C7+)
b): (50% C1, 15% C2-6, and 35% C7+)
c): (0% C1, 20% C2-6, and 80% C7+)
3. What is the composition of the mixture when 150 gmof solution containing 10%
C2-6, 40% C1 is added to 150 gmof solution 50% C2-6, 40% C1.
4. What is the composition and weight fraction for equilibrium separated phases for
200 g mixture of total composition 4% C1, 77% C7+?
5. What weight of C1 must be added to 100gm of 20%C7+ in C2-6 mixture to make it
single phase? What is the composition of the final mixture?
Solution
Solution

1. The composition of the plaint point (critical point) is 25% C1 and 65% C7+.
3. What is the composition of the mixture when 150 gm of solution containing
10% C2-6, 40% C1 is added to 150 gm of solution 50% C2-6, 40% C1?
The first solution: is 150 gm containing 10% C2-6, 40% C1: this means that the
solution consists of 150 * 10% = 15 gm C2-C6 and 150*40%=60 gm C1.
The second solution: is 150 gm containing 50% C2-6, 40% C1: this means
150*50%=75 gm C2-C6 and 150*40%=60 gm C1
The mixture (two solutions together) will have a weight of 150+150=300 gm:
15+75=90 gmC2-C6 and 60+60 = 120 gmC1. Therefore, the mixure composition
is 90/300=30% C2-C6 and 120/300=40% C1.
Solution

4. What is the composition and weight fraction for equilibrium separated phases
for 200 g mixture of total composition 4% C1, 77% C7+?
The steps:
1) Locate the mixture composition (4% C1, 77% C7+) on the ternary diagram.
2) Draw tie line pass through the mixture composition. Determine the composition
of the phases A&B on the binodal curve (bubble point curve and dew point
curve).
3) Measure the length of the tie line and the lengths of its two segments to find the
weight percentage of each phase at equilibrium.
The results: See Figure
1) The composition of phase A: 11%C1 and 11% C7+.
The composition of phase B: 3% C1 and 96% C7+.
2) The weight fraction at equilibrium of phase A =2.1/9.5=22%=22%*200 = 44gm
and phase B=7.4/9.5=78%=78%*200 gm=156 gm.
Solution
Solution

5. What weight of C1 must be added to 100gm of 20%C7+ in C2-6 mixture to make it

single phase? What is the composition of the final mixture?
The steps:
1) Stretch a line between the mixture composition (20%C7+ in C2-6) and C1.
2) Find the intersection with the binodal curve and read the composition (single
phase mixture).
3) Measure the length of the stretched line and find the lengths of its segments to
find the weights.
The results: See Figure
1) The weight percentage of added C1= 1.8/10.6=17%
2) The total mixture weight= (100 gm+ added C1) = 100/(8.8/10.6)=120.5 gm.
3) the weight of C1 added=17%*120.5=20.5 gm.
Solution
THANKS!
Any questions?