Experimental Investigation On Self Compacting Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement With Akeofine

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SELF
COMPACTING CONCRETE BY PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH AKEOFINE
ABSTRACT
In order to meet the performance requirements of concrete for various infrastructure

projects, concrete mixtures have to be designed and produced using combination of
different cementitious materials with water and aggregate and chemical admixtures. The
active constituent of concrete is cement paste and largely it determines the performance
of concrete. Admixtures in concrete confer some beneficial effects such as air
entrainment, water reduction, plasticity, etc. on the cement paste. Also setting time
acceleration / retardation can be achieved by the use of admixtures. Addition of some
particular admixture may develop undesirable interaction between varying ingredients of
concrete. Many times addition of admixture beyond certain limit may show
incompatibility. The term “incompatibility” has been applied to various types of
abnormal performance characteristics of concrete in both plastic and hardened stages,
including setting and strength gain issues, excessive slump losses and increased water
demand. Marsh cone test is used to formulate the optimum dose of particular admixture
to the cement thereby avoiding cement-admixture incompatibility. For high Strength
concrete and high performance concrete, depending on location i.e. distance of site from
the plant, the retention time of the concrete plays important role. Because of retention
time, the workability of concrete mix is increased as well as other properties like
flowability, setting time of concrete is enhanced.
In this study, the suitability and performance of SCC by using different brands of
Mineral Admixture (Alccofine)s will be checked by conducting various fresh concrete
tests and also a check on compressive strength will be done.
CONTENTS
Particulars Page No.
CHAPTER-1 1-5
Introduction on SCC 2
Functional requirements of SCC 3
Advantages of SCC 4
Disadvantages of SCC 5
Applications of SCC 5
CHAPTER-2 6-9
Objective of Project 7
Literature Review 8-9
CHAPTER-3 10-21
Materials Required for SCC 11
Test conducted on each material 11-21
CHAPTER-4 22-24
4.1 Mix design of SCC 23-24

CHAPTER-5 25-28
Properties of Materials
Table 1: Properties of cement 26
Table 2: Properties of coarse aggregates 27
Table 3: Properties of fine aggregates 28
Table 4: Properties of flyash 28
CHAPTER-6 29-39
Test on Fresh Concrete 30-33
Test Result of Fresh Properties on SCC 34-35
Test Result on Compressive Strength 36
List of Figures 37-39
CHAPTER-7 40-42
7.1 Conclusion 41
7.2 References 42
CHAPTER – 1
Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 1

INTRODUCTION
The term compatibility refers to the desired effect on performance when a

specific combination of cement and chemical admixtures is used. The complex interaction
between cement and chemical admixtures in concrete mixtures sometimes leads to
unpredictable performance of concrete in the field which is generally defined as concrete
incompatibilities. Common problems during concreting include flash setting, delayed
setting, rapid slump loss, improper strength gain, inordinate cracking etc arise due to
incompatibility between cement and chemical admixtures. These issues in turn affect the
hardened properties of concrete, primarily strength and durability. Modern concretes i.e.
Ready Mix Concrete, High Strength Concrete, High Performance Concrete; Self
Compacting Concrete etc almost always possess some additives, either in the mineral
form or chemical form. The use of chemical admixtures has become very common in
India. There has also been a proliferation in the number of brands of cement and in the
types of cement available. It is very difficult to ensure that an admixture that produces all
the desired effects with one type of cement would do the same with other type cement.
Users, who are unaware of compatibility issues, often, suffer when the supply of cement
and/or admixture is changed midway through a project. In concrete mix design the
Mineral Admixture (Alccofine) dosage are fixed based on the composition of the paste
(cement, water and chemical admixtures) with the maximum fluidity for a given
water/cement ratio and a given chemical admixture/cement ratio. The characteristics of
the fresh paste mostly govern the properties of the fresh concrete and this procedure will
yield a concrete with the desired workability for a given aggregate content. The only
variable in this process is the Mineral Admixture (Alccofine)/cement ratio. Admixture
manufacturers try to overcome compatibility problem by formulating project-specific
chemicals. Obviously, this is only a short term solution. For a more comprehensive
approach, the optimum dosage of chemical admixture is decided for each batch of cement
and each admixture. To formulate this objective, a test known as “Marsh Cone Test” is
performed. In this test, for particular w/c ratio, cement and admixture dosage, an optimum
dose of that chemical admixture is found out. At optimum dose of admixture, cement-
admixture paste is the most compatible to each other.

Functional requirements
The functional requirements of fresh SCC are different from those of CVC
(conventionally vibrated concrete). SCC is a liquid particles suspension and exhibits
very different properties in its plastic state.
The following properties define the compliance with self –compactability:
 Filling Ability:
Complete filling of formwork and encapsulating of reinforcement and inserts and
substantial horizontal and vertical flow of the concrete within the formwork while
maintaining homogeneity. Fillling ability is normally measured by either slump flow or
j-ring tests. Depending upon the application ,the slump flow values can vary from 550
to 850 mm.
 Passing Ability:
Passing of obstacles such as narrow sections of the formwork, closely spaced
reinforcement etc. without blocking caused by interlocking of aggregate particles.
Passing ability is normally measured by L-Box or J-Ring. SCC is considered to comply
with passing ability requirements when H1/H2 ≥ 0.80
 Resistance to Segregation:
Maintaining of homogeneity throughout mixing ,during transportation and casting .
The dynamic stability refers to the resistance to segregation during placement .The
static stability refers to the resistsnce to bleeding ,segregation, and surface settlement
after casting . It can be the most difficult property to quantify .It is normally reffered to
checked visually , although there have been a number of attempts to quantify the
segregation resistance

Advantage of SCC
Self compacting concrete has following benefits and advantages over conventional
concrete:-
1. Improved quality of concrete and reduction of onsite repairs.

2. Faster construction times.
3. Lower overall costs.
4. Facilitation of introduction of automation into concrete construction.
5. Improvement of health and safety is also achieved through elimination of handling
of vibrators.
6. Substantial reduction of environmental noise loading on and around a site.
7. Possibilities for utilization of “dusts”, which are currently waste products and
which are costly to dispose of.
8. Better surface finishes.
9. Easier placing.
10. Thinner concrete sections.
11. Greater Freedom in design.
12. Improved durability, and reliability of concrete structures.
13. Ease of placement results in cost savings through reduced equipment
and labor requirement.
14. SCC makes the level of durability and reliability of the structure independent
from the existing on – site conditions relate to the quality of labour, casting and
compacting systems available.
15. The high resistance to external segregation

Disadvantages of SCC
1. SCC requires high fluidity in tight joints formwork, which slow downs the casting
rate.
2. Due to its low water-cement ratio, plastic shrinkage cracks may occur. But this
can be avoided by curing properly.
3. Highly skilled and experienced workers are required for the production of SCC.
4. It is more costly than any other conventional concrete.
Applications of SCC
1. Two anchorages of Akashi-Kaikyo (Straits) Bridge, Japan. The volume of the
cast concrete in the two anchorages amounted to 290,000 m3 .
2. The highest use of SCC in india was done at Delhi metro project. About 10000
m3 of SCC has been used.
3. At Kaiga nuclear power plant, SCC of Characteristic strength 30 MPa
was used.
4. Runway , Aircraft parking, and pavements
5. Dams and Hydraulic Structure

CHAPTER-2

OBJECTIVE OF PROJECTS
 To determine optimum dosage of Mineral Admixture (Alccofine).
 To develop an economical mix design for M30 grade SCC with optimum
dosage of different brands Mineral Admixture (Alccofine).
 To analyse fresh properties of SCC with different brands of Mineral Admixture (Alccofine).
 To analyse hardened properties of SCC with different brands of Mineral Admixture

(Alccofine).

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES IN SCC
LITERATURE REVIEW
Hajime Okamura and Masahiro Ouchi (2003)
The authors report that self-compacting concrete was first developed in 1988 to
achieve durable concrete structures and since then, various investigations have been
carried out and this type of concrete has been used in practical structures in Japan, in
order to shorten the construction period by large-scale constructions, such as, the
anchorages of Akashin-Kaikyo (Akashi Straits) Bridge opened in Aprl 1988, and a
suspension bridge with the longest span in the world (1,991 meters) is a typical
examples ( Kashima 1999). It is further reported that, SCC was used for the wall of a
large LNG tank belonging to the Osaka Gas Company and the adoption of SCC in
this project resulted in:
 Decrease of the construction period of the structure from 22 months to 18 months.

 Reduction of the number of concrete workers from 150 to 50.
 Decrease of the number of lots from 14 to 10 as the height of one lot of concrete was
increased.
The authors noted that when self- compacting concrete become so widely used that is
seen as the “ Standard Concrete” rather than a “ Special Concrete”, it will have
succeeded in creating durable and reliable concrete structures that require very litte
maintenance work.
R.Sri Ravindrarajah, D.Siladyi and B. Adamopoulos (2003)
This paper reports an investigation into the development of self-compacting

concrete with reduced segregation potential.The self-compacting concrete mix
having satisfied the criterion recognized by the differential height method is
modified in many ways to increase the fine particle content by replacing partially
the fine and coarse aggregate could produce self-compacting concrete with low
segregation potential.
As assessed by the V-funnel test. It further reports the results of bleeding test and
strength development with age and concludes that flyash could be used successfully
in producing self-compacting high strength concrete with reduced segregation

potential.

Anshuman Dogra and Richa Bhardwaj
The present investigation deals with the study of compatibility of chemical

admixtures with different mixes. The study also deals with the fresh and hardened
properties of blended concrete. They investigated the compatibility behaviour of
Mineral Admixture (Alccofine)s with cement containing mineral admixtures like fly
ash, alccofine. It was observed that Polycarboxylate Ether(PCE) based super
plasticizers show greater compatibility and economical dosage as compared to
sulphonated Napthalene Formaldehyde(SNF) based Mineral Admixture (Alccofine)s.
M.K.Maroliya
Studied the change in ingredients contents of concrete like sand and cement under
the influence of plasticizers and Mineral Admixture (Alccofine)s at various dosages
level. It was also observed that plasticizers enhanced the compressive strength at
reduced watercement ratio in addition to improved workability at constant water
cement ratio. Reduction in cement content was achieved with increase in sand
content to overcome bleeding and segregation
Janardhana Maganti and V.Silva Prasada Raju

Studied compatibility of Sulphonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde and
Lignosulphonates based Mineral Admixture (Alccofine) with Portland slag cements.
It was observed that the different brands of cements behaved differently even if the
coarse and fine aggregates, water and family of chemical admixture and the method
of concrete mix design were kept constant.
Study revealed that polycarboxylic acid based Mineral Admixture (Alccofine)s
performed better than naphthalene and melamine based admixtures.

CHAPTER – 3

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR SCC
1. Cement
2. Coarse Aggregate
3. Fine Aggregate
4. Flyash
5. Water
6. Chemical Admixtures
TEST CONDUCTED ON EACH MATERIAL
Cement
Brand of cement: Priya
Grade of cement: 53 grade
Type of cement : Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Test to be conducted:
1. Specific Gravity
2. Standard Consistency
3. Setting time of Cement
4. Compressive strength of Cement
I. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT
Procedure:
As the cement reacts with water its specific gravity is determined using non-reactive
liquid like kerosene;
1. The specific gravity bottle is cleaned and weight (W1) is noted.
2. The bottle is filled about 1/3rd of cement and the weight (W2) is noted.
3. This is again filled with kerosene and the weight (W3) is noted.
4. The specific gravity bottle is cleaned and it is filled with kerosene and the weight
(W4) is noted.

Observation and calculations:
Trial Wt. of Wt. of Wt. of bottle+1/3rd Wt. of Specific

No. empty bottle+1/3rd of cement+kerosene bottle+kerosene gravity
bottle(W1) cement(W2) (W3) (w4)
gm gm gm Gm
1 47 73 145 125 3.25
2 47 78 148 125 3.06
3 47 77 147 125 2.9
W2 − W1
Specific Gravity = x Specific gravity of kerosene
(W2 − W1) − (W3 − W4)
RESULTS:
Specific gravity of cement = 3.07
Reference Code:
IS: 2720 ‒ Part 3‒1980
II. STANDARD CONSISITENCY OF CEMENT
Procedure:
Standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency (The

amount of water expressed as percentage by mass of the dry cement) which will
permit the vicat plunger to penetrate to a point 5 to 7mm from the bottom of the
vicat mould when the cement paste is tested as described below.

1. Take 400gms of cement and prepare a paste of cement with a weighed
quantity of potable or distilled water (100ml) taking care that the time of
gauging is not less than 3 minutes, nor more than 5 minutes. The gauging time
shall be counted from the time of adding water to the dry cement until
commencing to fill the mould.
2. Fill the mould with this paste, the mould resting upon a non-porous plate.
After completely filling mould, smoothen the surface of the paste, making it
level with the top of the mould. The mould may be slightly shaken to expel
air.
3. Place the test block in mould, together with the non porous plate under the rod
attached with the plunger. Lower the plungers gently to touch the surface of
the test blocks and release it quickly, allowing it to sink into the paste.
4. Prepare trial pastes with the varying percentages of water and test as described
above until the amount of water necessary for the standard consistency as
defined is obtained.
Observations and calculations:
Mass of the dry cement taken = 400 gms
Sl. % of water Initial Reading Final Reading Height penetrated

No. (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 25% 40 20 20
2 26% 40 16 24
3 27% 40 10 30
4 28% 40 11 29
5 29% 40 7 33
RESULTS:
Standard consistency of cement = 29%

Reference Code:
IS 4031: Part 4 – 1988

III. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT

1. INTIAL SETTING TIME
Procedure:
Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-porous plate,
under the rod attached with the initial setting time needle.
Lower the needle gently until it comes in contact with the surface of the test block
and quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. In the beginning,
the needle will completely pierce the test block and released as described above,
fails to pierce the block beyond 5.0 ± 0.5 mm measured from the bottom of the
mould. The period elapsing between the time when water is added to the cement
and the time at which the needle fails to pierce the test block to a point 5.0 ±
0.5mm measured from the bottom of the mould shall be initial setting time.
2. FINAL SETTING TIME

Procedure:
Replace the initial setting time needle of the vicat apparatus by the needle with an
annular attachment (i.e. setting time needle). The cement shall be considered as
finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface of the test block,
the needle makes an impression thereon, while the attachment fails to do so, shall
be the final setting time. In the event of a scum forming on the surface of the test
block, use the underside of the block for determination.
Observation and Calculations:
Mass of cement taken=400gm
Mass of water taken = 0.85 x P x 400 = 0.85*29*400 = 98.6 ml.
Where “P” is the standard consistency of cement

RESULTS:
Initial setting time = 45 minutes
Final setting time = 7 hrs. 40 minutes

Reference Code:
IS 4031:1988 – Part 5
IV. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT

Procedure:
1. The material for each cube shall be mixed separately by taking quantities of
cement; standard sand and water are as follows;
2. Cement: 200gms, standard sand: 600gms,
3. Water: (P/4 +3)% of combined weight of cement and sand
4. (Where ‘P’ is standard consistency)
5. Place on a non-porous plate a mixture of cement and standard sand in the
proportion of 1:3 by weight as given above.
6. Mix it dry with a trowel for one minute and then add water until mix is of
uniform colour.
7. Gauging time should not be less than 3 minutes and should not exceed 4
minutes. If it exceeds, mixture is rejected and operation is repeated.
8. Oil the interior faces of the mould.
9. Place the assembled mould on the table of the vibrating machine and firmly
hold it in position by means of suitable clamps. Securely attach the hopper at
the top of the mould to facilitate filling and this hopper shall not be removed
until completion of vibration period.
10. Immediately after mixing the mortar as explained above, fill the entire quantity
of mortar in the hopper of the cube mould and cby vibration. The period of
vibration shall be two minutes at the specified speed of 12,000±400 cycles per
minute.
11. Remove the mould from the machine and keep it at a temperature of 27±2 oC in
an atmosphere of atleast 90% relative humidity for 24hours after completion of
vibrations.
12. At the end of this period, remove the cube from the mould and immediate submerge it in
clean and fresh water and keep them until taken out just prior to breaking. The water in

which the cubes are submerged shall be releaved after every 7 days and be maintained at
a temperature of 27±2oC. keep the cubes wet till they are placed in machine for testing .
13. Test all three specimens after three days. The periods being record from the completion
of vibration. The compressive strength shall be the average of the strengths of three
cubes for each period. The cubes shall be tested on their sides , the load being applied at
the rate of 35 N/mm2/minute.
Observations and calculations:
Sl. 3-days strength 7-days strength

No. Load KN Strength N/mm2 Load KN Strength N/mm2
1 132.3 27 181.3 37
2 137.2 28 171.5 35
3 127.4 26 176.4 36
Avg 132.3 27 176.4 36
Mass of cement taken =200 gms

Mass of sand taken = 600 gms
Percentage of water = ((P/4) + 3)% of combined weight of cement and sand= 82 gm
Mass of water taken = 82 ml.
RESULTS:
1. 3- days compressive strength of cement =27 MPa

2. 7- days compressive strength of cement = 36 MPa
Reference Code:
IS 4031:1988 – Part 6
COARSE AGGREGATES
1. Sieve Analysis
2. Specific Gravity and Water Absorption

I. SIEVE ANALYSIS
Procedure:
 Take 5 kg of coarse aggregate of nominal size of 20mm.
 Carryout sieving by hand, shake each size in the order
80mm,40mm,20mm,10mm,4.75mm, over a clean dry tray for a period of not less
than 2minutes each.The shaking is done with a varied motion i.e ; back are
forward, left and right; circular clockwise and anticlockwise.
 Find the mass of aggregate retained on each sieve taken in the
order. Fineness Modulus = (Cumulative % Retained / 100)
Reference code:
IS: 2386 part 1-1963
II. SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION TEST

Procedure:
 Take about 5 kg of aggregate by method of quartering rejecting all
materials passing a 10mm IS sieve.
 Wash thoroughly to remove dust etc. Dry to constant mass at a temperature of
105 degree celsius in an oven.
 Immerse the sample taken in wire basket in water for periods of 24±1/2 hours .
 Remove aggregates from water and roll the same in a large piece of absorbent
cloth.
 Weigh 3 kg of this sample in the surface dry condition and note its weight W1 gm.
 Place the weighed aggregate immediately in the wire basket and dip it in
water. Weigh this basket with aggregate while keeping it immersed in water
with balance. Note it’s weight as W3 gm ; also note the weight of empty basket
in water as W2 gm.
 Dry the sample to constant weight at 100 degree Celsius to 110 degree Celsius for
24 hours cool to room temperature and weight W4 is taken.

RESULTS:
Bulk Specific Gravity = W4 / ( W1- ( W3- W2)) = 2.003 / [2.01- (1.99-0.745)] = 2.61
Apparent Specific Gravity = W4 / (W4- ( W3- W2)) = 2.003 / [2.003 – (1.99- 0.745)]
= 2.64
Percentage Absorption = (W1 - W4)×100 / W4 = (2.01- 2.003) ×100/2.003
= 0.35%
Reference Code:
IS: 2386 Part 3‒1963
FINE AGGREGATE
1. Specific gravity
2. Sieve Analysis
I. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Procedure:
1. Clean and dry the Pycnometer and weigh it M1

2. Select a mass of sand about 300 gm and place the same in Pycnometer and
weigh it M2
3. Fill the Pycnometer with distilled water up to half its height and stir the mix
with a glass rod go on adding more water till the mix is flush with the hole in a
conical cap. Dry the Pycnometer outside and find the mass M3
4. Remove the contents of a Pycnometer and clean it. Fill the clean water upto the
level of the hole in the cap. Weigh it M4
5. Now use the equation given below for determining specific gravity.

G = (M2-M1) /[ (M2-M1)-(M3-M4)] = (1155.33-610)/[ (1155.33-610)- (1835.33-1504)]
= 2.55
Result: Specific gravity of the given fine aggregate = 2.55
II. SIEVE ANALYSIS

PROCEDURE:
1. Take one kg of sand from a lab sample of 10 kg and break the lumps if any in
a clean dry rice plate.
2. Arrange the sieves in order of Indian standard sieve numbers 4.75mm,
2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600µ, 300µ, 150µ, with 4.75 mm at the top and 150µ at
the bottom fix them in the sieve shaking machine with the pan at the bottom
and cover at the top.
3. Keep the sand in the top sieve, carry out the sieving in the set of sieves before
or not less than ten minutes and the shaking is done with a varied motion i.e ;
back are forward, left and right; circular clockwise and anticlockwise.
4. Find the mass retained in each sieve taken in the order.
5. The shaking is done with a varied motion i.e ; back are forward, left and
right; circular clockwise and anticlockwise
Fineness modulus of the given fine aggregate = ∑C/100

ADMIXTURES
BRANDS OF MINERAL ADMIXTURE (ALCCOFINE)S
1. Sika Viscocrete 5201 NS-liquid

2. Supaflow BN
3. Fosroc Conplast SP 430 DIS Super Plisticizer-liquid
4. CFLOW 251
MINERAL ADMIXTURE
1. FLYASH
I. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Procedure:
1.
The specific gravity bottle is cleaned and weight (W1) is noted.
2.
The bottle is filled about 1/3rd of flyash and the weight (W2) is noted.
3.This is again filled with kerosene and the weight (W3) is noted.
4.The specific gravity bottle is cleaned and it is filled with kerosene and the
weight (W4) is noted.

Observation and calculations:
Trial Wt. of Wt. of Wt. of bottle+1/3rd Wt. of Specific

No. empty bottle+1/3rd of flyash+kerosene bottle+kerosene gravity
bottle(W1) flyash (W2) (W3) (w4)
gm gm gm gm
1 44 71 140 124 1.94
2 44 60 133 124 1.8
3 44 62 134 124 1.77
W2 − W1
Specific Gravity = x Specific gravity of kerosene
(W2 − W1) − (W3 − W4)
RESULTS:
Specific gravity of flyash = 1.83

CHAPTER – 4

4.1 MIX DESIGN OF SCC
Comparison of Traditional and SCC constituents
Design of SCC mix (Absolute volume method):-
Volume of paste; vp =1- volume of aggregates (vagg.)
Vp = volume of cement (vcc ) + volume of flyash (vf ) + volume of water ( vw )
(1)
Choose ;
Vp= 0.36
Weight of cement; wcc = 320 kg / m3
weight of cement
Volume of cement; vcc =
Specific gravity of cement × 1000

= 320 / (3.07*1000 )
= 0.104 m3
Weight of water = 200 kg / m3
Volume of water = 0.2 m3
From eqn (1)
0.36 = 0.104 + vf + 0.2
Vf = 0.056 m3
Weight of flyash = 0.056*2.28*1000 = 127.68 kg / m3
Volume of aggregates = 1- Vp = 1- 0.36 = 0.64 m3
Vagg. = vol. of C.A + vol. of F.A
Let’s take C.A : F.A = 40: 60
Hence ; C.A = 40 % *0.64*2.64*1000 = 675.84 kg/ m3
F.A = 60% *0.64*2.55*1000 = 979.2 kg/ m3

CHAPTER – 5

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS- TEST RESULTS
Table 1: Properties of cement
Test conducted Values obtained
Specific gravity 3.07
Standard consistency 29%
Initial setting time 45 minutes
Final setting time 7 hours 40 minutes
7- days Compressive strength 36 MPa
Discussion:
1. Specific gravity of cement should be between 3 and 4

2. The standard consistency of a cement paste which permits vicat plunger to
penetrate to a height of 5 to 7 mm from the bottom of the vicatmould is varies
from 24% to 34% depending on the sample (IS 4031:1991 – Part 4).
3. As per IS specifications the initial setting time should be less than 30 minutes and
final setting time should not be more than 10 hours for ordinary Portland cement .
(IS 4031:1988 – Part 5)
4.
Compressive IS: 8112-1989 (43 Grade) IS: 12269-1987 (53
strength in N/mm2 Grade)
at age of
3 days 23 minimum 27 minimum

Table 2: Properties of coarse aggregates
Fineness modulus 5.174
Bulk Specific gravity 2.61
Apparent Specific gravity 2.64
Percentage absorption 0.35%
Discussion:
1. Maximum fineness modulus for C.A varies from 5.5‒8.0 .And for 20 mm size of
C.A , fineness modulus range from 6.0‒6.9.
2. The water absorption values range from 0.1‒2%
3. Specific gravity value ranges from 2.5‒3.
Reference Code:
IS 2386 part 1 ‒ 1963 Determination of fineness modulus of aggregates
IS 2386 part 3 – 1963 Determination of Specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates

Table 3: Properties of fine aggregates
Fineness modulus 5.046
Reference Code:
IS 2386 part 1 ‒ 1963 Determination of fineness modulus of aggregates
IS 2386 part 3 – 1963 Determination of Specific gravity and water absorption of

aggregates
Discussion:
1. Fineness modulus of fine aggregates varies from 2 ‒ 3.5.

2. Specific gravity of fine aggregates varies from 2.5 – 3.0.
Table 4: Properties of Flyash
Discussion:
1. Specific gravity of flyash ranges from 1.8 – 3.0 .

CHAPTER – 6

TEST ON FRESH CONCRETE

1. L-box test
Procedure:
 About 14 litres of concrete is required for this test. Ensure that sliding gate can open
freely and then close it. Moisten the inside surface, remove all surplus water.
 Fill the vertical section of the apparatus with concrete. Leave it standing for 1 minute.
 Lift the sliding gate and allow the concrete to flow out into the horizontal section.
 Simultaneously start the stopwatch and record the time taken for the concrete to
reach 200 and 400 mm marks.
 When the concrete stops flowing, the height H1 and H2 are measured. Calculate,
H2/H1 , the blocking ratio. The whole test has to be performed within 5 minutes.
 Minimum acceptable blocking ratio shall be 0.8 to 0.85.
2. J-Ring test
 J-ring test denotes the passing ability of the concrete.

 The equipment consists of rectangular section with open steel ring drilled
vertically with holes to accept threaded sections of reinforcing bars 10 mm
diameter 100 mm in length.
 The bars and sections can be placed at different distance apart to simulate the
congestion of reinforcement at the site.
 Sections are placed 3 x maximum size of aggregate.
 The diameter of the ring formed by vertical sections is 300mm and height 100 mm.

Procedure:
 Place the J-Ring centrally on the base plate and the slump cone centrally inside the
J-ring.
 Fill the slump cone with 6 L of concrete
 Raise the cone vertically and allow the concrete to flow out
 Measure the final diameter in two perpendicular directions. Calculate the average
diameter.
 Measure the difference in height between the concrete just inside JRing bars and
just outside the J Ring bars.
 Calculate the average of the difference in height at four locations in mm.
 The acceptable difference in height between inside and outside should be between
0 and 10mm.

3. V-FUNNEL TEST
Procedure:
 Take 12 litre of concrete for this test.

 Set the V- funnel on firm ground.
 Moisten i.e oil the inside surface of V-funnel.
 Close the trap door & place a bucket or tray underneath.
 Fill the apparatus completely with concrete, without compaction or
tamping. Strike off the concrete level.
 Open within 10 seconds the trap door and record the time taken for the concrete to
flow down completely.
 Record the time taken for complete discharge of concrete. This can be
judged when the light is seen when viewed from top. The whole test to be
performed within 5 minutes.
 For V-funnel test the flow time should be between 8 and 12 seconds.

4. U-BOX TEST
Procedure:
 About 20 litre of concrete is needed for this test. Ensure that sliding gate can open
freely and then close it.
 Moisten the inside surface and remove any surplus water.
 Fill the one compartment of the apparatus with 20 litre concrete.
 Leave it to stand for 1 minute.
 Lift the sliding gate and allow the concrete to flow to the other compartment.
 Once the concrete has come to rest, measure the height of the concrete in the
second compartment in two places. Calculate the mean .Let it be H2. The height
of concrete in the 1st compartment be H1.
 Calculate H1-H2 the filling height. The whole test has to be completed within 5
minutes.
 If concrete flows as freely as water, at rest it will be horizontal. So H1-H2 = 0.
The acceptable value of filling height is 30mm maximum.

TEST RESULT OF FRESH PROPERTIES ON SCC
1. Slump Flow Value:

BRANDS OF DOSAGE Range of Flow
MINERAL Obtained
ADMIXTURE (%)
(ALCCOFINE) ( mm )
Sika Viscocrete 5201 NS 1.1 660-700
Supaflo BN 2.3 550-600
Fosroc Conplast SP430 1.5 550-600

DIS
CFLOW 251 1.5 650-670

2. L-BOX TEST RESULTS
S.N. Particulars H1 H2 H2/H1 Time at Time at

(mm) (mm) 200mm 400mm
(sec) (sec)
1 Sika Viscocrete 5201 NS 150 118.5 0.79 65 110
2 Supaflo BN 150 97.5 0.65 90 180
3 Fosroc Conplast SP430 DIS 150 115.5 0.77 80 120
4 CFLOW 251 150 120 0.8 60 100
3. U-BOX TEST RESULTS
S.N. Particulars H1 H2 H2-H1

(mm) (mm)
1 Sika Viscocrete 5201 NS 350 300 50

2 Supaflo BN 400 250 150
3 Fosroc Conplast SP430 DIS 375 300 75
4 CFLOW 251 350 310 40
4. J-RING TEST RESULTS
S.N. Particulars H1 H2 H2-H1

(mm) (mm)
1 Sika Viscocrete 5201 NS 90 75 15

2 Supaflo BN 110 85 25
3 Fosroc Conplast SP430 DIS 100 80 20
4 CFLOW 251 80 65 15
5. V-FUNNEL TEST RESULTS
Particulars Flow Time

(sec)
Sika Viscocrete 5201 NS 45

Supaflo BN 60
Fosroc Conplast SP430 DIS 50
CFLOW 251 40

TEST RESULT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
SIKA VISCOCRETE
Particulars Trial No. Load Avg. Area Compressive
(kN) Load(kN) (mm2) Strength(N/mm2)
7 days 1 350
Strength 2 375 371.67 22500 16.52
3 390
28 days 1 800
Strength 2 875 833.33 22500 37.04
3 825
FOSROC CONPLAST
7 days 1 205
Strength 2 200 206.67 22500 9.19
3 215
28 days 1 700
Strength 2 745 740 22500 32.88
3 775
CFLOW 251
7 days 1 400
Strength 2 480 451.67 22500 20.07
3 475
28 days 1 890
Strength 2 830 890 22500 39.55
3 850

LIST OF FIGURES



CHAPTER – 7

CONCLUSION
SCC has high potential for greater acceptance and wider applications in highway, bridge
construction in the all over world. It has been verified that, by using slump flow , U- tube
and other tests on fresh SCC , it can self - compact and self - flow under it’s own weight.
Based on above results and discussions the following conclusion are drawn:
 Self Compacting Concrete technology can save time, cost, enhance quality,
durability and moreover it is a green concept.
 Since the concrete is capable of Self-consolidating and reaching the difficult areas
in mould , manual variables in terms of placing and compacting concrete is nil.
This factor ultimately yields defect less , better-quality concrete structures.
 Slump flow increases with the increase of water/ cement ratio.
 L-box value increases with increase in w/c ratio & Compressive strength
decreases with increase in w/c ratio.
 V-funnel time, U-box values are decreases with the increase of w/c ratio.
 Considering both fresh properties & hardened properties of SCC, the ranking of
all four brands of Mineral Admixture (Alccofine) are done below:
1. CFLOW 251
2. SIKA VISCOCRETE 5201 NS
3. FOSROC CONPLAST SP430 DIS
4. SUPAFLO BN
NOTE: Among all the four brands of Mineral Admixture (Alccofine),

SUPAFLO BN is having some defect in it’s chemical structures. After
number of trials, the concrete made from SUPAFLO BN, have less flow value
and cube casted from this concrete was in liquid state, even after 3 days.
After analysis we have been found that the brands given to us was the older
version of SUPAFLO BN, so that concrete made using SUPAFLO BN was
not performing good.

REFERENCES
 “Self compacting concrete: concrete technology”, revised edition 2013,M.S
Sheety
 “Strength and durability of high volume fly ash self compacting
concrete+”,Dr Mathur C Narasimhan, (2009),ICI Journal.
 “Self compacting concrete : Advanced concrete technology”, Rob Gaimster
and Noel Dixon
 http:// www.ijesrt.com © International Journal Of Engineering Science And
Research Technology
 H.J. Wierig (1990), Properties of Fresh Concrete: Proceedings of the
International RILEM Colloquium, Taylor & Francis Group
 (http://www.3co.com/Pro/Concrete_Producers/Special.Concrete/scc.htm)
 INDIAN STANDARD CODE:
o IS: 2720 ‒ Part 3‒1980 Determination of Specific gravity of cement
o IS 4031: Part 4 – 1988 Determination of Standard consistency of
cement paste
o IS 4031:1988 – Part 5 Determination of Setting Time of Cement
o IS 4031:1988 ‒ Part 6 Determination of Compressive Strength of
Cement
o IS 2386:1963 Part ‒1 Determination of Fineness modulus of aggregates
o IS 2386:963 Part‒ 3 Determination of Specific gravity and Water
absorption of aggregates

Experimental Investigation On Self Compacting Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement With Akeofine

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Experimental Investigation On Self Compacting Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement With Akeofine

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SELF

COMPACTING CONCRETE BY PARTIAL

In order to meet the performance requirements of concrete for various infrastructure

Particulars Page No.

Functional requirements of SCC 3

Literature Review 8-9

Materials Required for SCC 11

Test conducted on each material 11-21

4.1 Mix design of SCC 23-24

Table 1: Properties of cement 26

Table 2: Properties of coarse aggregates 27

Table 3: Properties of fine aggregates 28

Table 4: Properties of flyash 28

Test on Fresh Concrete 30-33

Test Result of Fresh Properties on SCC 34-35

Test Result on Compressive Strength 36

List of Figures 37-39

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 1

The term compatibility refers to the desired effect on performance when a

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 2

The following properties define the compliance with self –compactability:

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 3

1. Improved quality of concrete and reduction of onsite repairs.

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 4

4. It is more costly than any other conventional concrete.

1. Two anchorages of Akashi-Kaikyo (Straits) Bridge, Japan. The volume of the

cast concrete in the two anchorages amounted to 290,000 m3 .

m3 of SCC has been used.

3. At Kaiga nuclear power plant, SCC of Characteristic strength 30 MPa

4. Runway , Aircraft parking, and pavements

5. Dams and Hydraulic Structure

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 5

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 6

 To determine optimum dosage of Mineral Admixture (Alccofine).

dosage of different brands Mineral Admixture (Alccofine).

 To analyse hardened properties of SCC with different brands of Mineral Admixture

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 7

Hajime Okamura and Masahiro Ouchi (2003)

 Decrease of the construction period of the structure from 22 months to 18 months.

R.Sri Ravindrarajah, D.Siladyi and B. Adamopoulos (2003)

This paper reports an investigation into the development of self-compacting

in producing self-compacting high strength concrete with reduced segregation

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 8

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 9

Anshuman Dogra and Richa Bhardwaj

The present investigation deals with the study of compatibility of chemical

Janardhana Maganti and V.Silva Prasada Raju

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 10

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 11

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR SCC

TEST CONDUCTED ON EACH MATERIAL

Brand of cement: Priya

Grade of cement: 53 grade

Type of cement : Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

Dept. of Civil Engineering ,NHCE Bangalore. Page 12

Observation and calculations:

Trial Wt. of Wt. of Wt. of bottle+1/3rd Wt. of Specific

1 47 73 145 125 3.25

2 47 78 148 125 3.06

3 47 77 147 125 2.9

IS: 2720 ‒ Part 3‒1980

II. STANDARD CONSISITENCY OF CEMENT

Standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency (The

Mass of water taken = 0.85 x P x 400 = 0.8529400 = 98.6 ml.

Weight of flyash = 0.0562.281000 = 127.68 kg / m3

Hence ; C.A = 40 % 0.642.64*1000 = 675.84 kg/ m3

F.A = 60% 0.642.55*1000 = 979.2 kg/ m3