Self Compacting Concerete

Aurora’s Technological and Reasearch Institute
ABSTRACT
Self-compacting concrete was first developed in 1988 to achieve durable concrete structures.
Since then, various investigations have been carried out and this type of concrete has been used
in practical structures in Japan, mainly by large construction companies. Self-compacting
concrete is a most preferred type of concrete, due to its complete flow ability without using
vibrating tools. It is easily feasible for any shape and size of the formwork. Self-compacting
concrete is one of the green techniques for avoiding sound effect on construction site. The fly ash
will be very helpful to reduction of natural resources for manufacturing cement and also very
little effect in production of carbon emission gases.
In this the mix design is made according to IS 10262:2019 for M30 grade Self-compacting
concrete here 10% of fly ash (mineral admixture) is added to improve the quality & durability. It
is a high workable concrete and do not require any external vibration for consolidation.
Inadequate homogeneity of the cast concrete due to poor compaction or segregation may
drastically lower the performance of mature concrete. SCC ensures adequate compaction and
facilitate placement of concrete in structures with congested reinforcement and in restricted
areas. The fresh state properties of SCC are conducted for slump test and compressive strength
test for 150mmx150mmx150mm size cubes. For this M30 grade SCC mix the strength and
workability properties were achieved better using fly ash is used as filler when compared to
conventional concrete.
Department of Civil Engineering 1

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Concrete is a widely used construction material around the world, and its properties have been
undergoing changes through technological advancement. Numerous types of concrete have been
developed to enhance the different properties of concrete. When large quantity of heavy
reinforcement is to be placed in a reinforced concrete (RC) member, it is difficult to ensure that
the formwork gets completely filled with concrete that is, fully compacted without voids or
honeycombs. Compaction by manual or by mechanical vibrators is very difficult in this situation.
The typical method of compaction, vibration, generates delays and additional cost in the projects.
Underwater concreting always required fresh concrete, which could be placed without the need
to compaction; in such circumstances vibration had been simply impossible. This problem can
now be solved with self compacting concrete (SCC). Indian Standards representing producers
and applicators of specialist building products has drawn up specification and guidelines for Self
compacting concrete to provide a framework for design and use of high quality SCC.
SCC is an innovative concrete that does not require any vibration for placing and compaction. It
is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction,
even in the presence of congested reinforcement. SCC has favorable characteristics such as high
fluidity, good segregation resistance and the distinctive self compatibility without any need for
vibration during the placing process and so noiseless construction. The unique characteristics of
SCC are a rapid rate of concrete placement with very less time. SCC offers a very high level of
homogeneity; minimize the concrete void spaces and have uniform concrete strength and also
provides the superior level of finishing and durability of structure. The hardened concrete is
dense, homogeneous and has the same engineering properties and durability as traditional
vibrated concrete.

1.2 MATERIALS USED FOR SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

 CEMENT
Cement is the well-known building material with adhesive and cohesive properties, which is
capable of binding mineral fragment into compact mass. Ordinary Portland cement 53 Grade
with properties as given below has been used in this experimental study.
 FLY ASH
Fly ash, known also as pulverized- fuel ash, is a byproduct obtained by electrostatic and
mechanical means from flue gases of power station furnaces fired with pulverized coal. Fly ash
can significantly improve the workability of concrete. Fly ash used for this study has a specific
gravity of 2.1.
 FINE AGGREGATES
Aggregates mainly passing through 4.75 mm IS sieve and retained on 75 microns IS sieve is
permitted for fine aggregates. Aggregates conforming to grading Zone II are used in this
experimental work. Fine aggregates used for this study has a Specific gravity of 2.74.
 COARSE AGGREGATES
Aggregate which passes through 75 mm IS sieve and retained on 4.75 mm IS sieve is used as
coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregates containing flat, elongated or flaky pieces should be rejected.
Coarse aggregate used for the study of SCC is20mm and 12.5mm granite broken stones.
Aggregates conforming to grading Zone II are used in this experimental work coarse aggregates
used for this study has a Specific gravity of 2.74.
 SUPER PLASTICIZER (SP)

Master Glenium SKY 8233 was used as super plasticizer for the study. It is an admixture based
on modified polycarboxylic ether. The product has been primarily developed for applications in
high performance concrete where the highest durability and performance is required. It is free of
chloride and low alkali. It is compatible with all types of cements.

 WATER
Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free from oils, acids, alkalis, salts
etc. Water used for the study was free of acids, organic matter, suspended solids, alkalis
and impurities when present may have adverse effect on the strength of concrete. Potable
water with Ph value 7 conforming to IS: 456-2000 is used for casting as well as curing.
1.3 NECESSITY OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE:
Self Compacting Concrete (SSC) can be used for casting heavily reinforced sections, places
where there can be no access to vibrators for compaction and in complex shapes of formwork
which may otherwise be impossible to cast . It is very helpful in circumstances where there is
also shortage of highly skilled labour to carry out the required compaction for such heavy
structures .Therefore we need it when we aim reducing labor, time, and a possible source of
technical and quality control issues.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 Study the mix design as per IS 10262:2019 and prepare mix design for M30 grade
concrete.
 Understand the various applications of Self compacting concrete  Study the workability
properties of SCC concrete.
 Cast the cubes of 150x150x150mm of concrete specimens for conventional concrete and
SCC.
 Perform laboratory tests for hardened and fresh concrete that are related to compressive
strength and workability.
1.5 SCC APPLICATIONS

The main applications of this type of concrete are the following:
• Construction of raft and pile foundations
• Retrofitting and repairing constructions
• Structures with complex reinforcement distributions
• Construction of earth retaining systems

• Drilled shafts

• Columns
1.6 REASONS TO USE SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE
Designers, developers and contractors increasingly embrace the benefits of SCC for a variety of
reasons.
ELIMINATE MECHANICAL VIBRATION Self-leveling, self-consolidating concrete

reduces the labor required to place and finish it. It eliminates mechanical vibration and reduces
screeding, Eliminating vibration in precast production settings reduces noise. In an urban setting,
decreased noise may even allow for longer construction hours. The decreased need for
consolidation can also enhance job site safety. SCC reduces capital and maintenance costs by
reducing the overall need for vibration equipment and formwork.
IMPROVE CONCRETE CONSOLIDATION SCC's impressive flowability promotes

successful consolidation around dense, concentrated reinforcement. For example, SCC makes it
possible to successfully fill areas unreachable with internal poker vibrators. It allows for denser
reinforcement, adding strength in the process.
ENHANCE FINISHES SCC's flowability reduces finishing requirements. You'll need less sack
rubbing and remedial work. Architects enjoy increased freedom of design for a number of
reasons, including increased options in formwork orientation. SCC can also be placed in intricate
molds that would not work with conventional concrete. Given its uniformity and homogeneity, it
is possible to use SCC to create smooth finishes and precise textures with relative ease.
MAKE PUMPING EASIER Higher slumps and excellent flowability promote easier pumping,
including pumping to substantial heights. Quicker truck-to-pump discharge speeds construction.
SAVE MONEY When you use SCC, both direct and indirect cost savings accrue from:
o Decreased construction times o Lower discharge and placement
times
o Cosmetic repairs that otherwise take time
o Less wear and tear on equipment

Special Considerations When Using Self-Compacting Concrete
When using this type of concrete, there are several special considerations to achieve the best
results. First of all, the production of self-compacting concrete requires more experience and care
than regular vibrated concrete. Also, the formwork used must be designed to withstand a higher
pressure than with regular concrete. Finally, using mixers at full capacity is not recommended
due to the high fluidity of self-compacting concrete - it may spilled along the road, causing
contamination.
CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 GENERAL
The detailed review study for self compacting concrete is carried out chronologically [year
wise]so as to examine the design methodologies and outcome of different researchers.
Ozawa et al focused on the influence of mineral admixtures, like fly ash and blast furnace slag
on the flowing ability and segregation resistance of self-compacting concrete. They found out
that on partially replacement of OPC by fly ash and blast furnace slag the flowing ability of the
concrete improved remarkably. He concluded that the best flowing ability and strength
characteristics 1020% of fly ash and 25- 45% of slag cement by mass.
Domone and His-Wen performed a slump test for high workability concrete. A beneficial
correlation between the slump values and flow was obtained from the laboratory test. It showed
satisfying value of the slump flow.
Bui et al. (2002) discussed a speedy method in order to test the resistance to segregation of
Selfcompacting concrete. Extensive test programme of SCC with different water-binder ratios,
paste volumes, combinations between coarse and fine aggregates and various types and contents
of mineral admixtures was carried out. The test was helpful in concluding the method along with
the apparatus used for examining the segregation resistance of SCC in both the directions
(vertical and horizontal).
Xie et al presented the preparation technology of high strength self- compacting concrete (SCC)
containing ultra pulverised fly ash (UPFA) and superplasticizer (SP).Various parameters of
concrete were selected namely good workability, high mechanical properties and high durability
and SCC was developed. There was low slump loss in the fresh SCC mixture. The workability of
high strength SCC containing UPFA and SP can be evaluated by the method of combining slump
flow and L-box test. Slump flow was 600- 750 mm. Flow velocity of L-box test was 35-80
mm/sec.
Bertil Persson carried out an experimental and numerical study on mechanical properties, such
as strength, elastic modulus, creep and shrinkage of self-compacting concrete and the
corresponding properties of normal compacting concrete. The study included eight mix
proportions of sealed or air-cured specimens with water binder ratio (w/b) varying between 0.24
and 0.80. Fifty percent of the mixes were SCC and rests were NCC. The age at loading of the
concretes in the creep studies varied between 2 and 90 days. Strength and relative humidity were
also found. The results indicated that elastic modulus, creep and shrinkage of SCC did not differ
significantly from the corresponding properties of NCC.
Nan Su et al proposed a new mix design method for self-compacting concrete. First, the amount
of aggregates required was determined, and the paste of binders was then filled into the voids of
aggregates to ensure that the concrete thus obtained has flow ability, self-compacting ability and

other desired SCC properties. The amount of aggregates, binders and mixing water, as well as
type and dosage of super plasticizer to be used are the major factors influencing the properties of
SCC. Slump flow, V-funnel, L-flow, U-box and compressive strength tests were carried out to
examine the performance of SCC, and the results indicated that the proposed method could be
used to produce successfully SCC of high quality. Compared to the method developed by the
Japanese Ready-Mixed Concrete Association (JRMCA), this method is simpler, easier for
implementation and less time consuming, requires a smaller amount of binders and saves cost.
Bouzoubaa and Lachemi carried out an experimental investigation to evaluate the performance
of SCC made with high volumes of fly ash. Nine SCC mixtures and one control concrete were
made during the study. The content of the cementations materials was maintained constant (400
kg/m3), while the water/cementations material ratios ranged from 0.35 to 0.45. The
selfcompacting mixtures had a cement replacement of 40%, 50%, and 60% by Class F fly ash.
Tests were carried out on all mixtures to obtain the properties of fresh concrete in terms of
viscosity and stability. The mechanical properties of hardened concrete such as compressive
strength and drying shrinkage were also determined. The SCC mixes developed 28-day
compressive strength ranging from 26 to 48 MPa. They reported that economical SCC mixes
could be successfully developed by incorporating high volumes of Class F fly ash.
Esraa Emam Ali et.al has studied the effect of using recycled glass waste, as a partial
replacement of fine aggregate, on the fresh and hardened properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
(SCC). A total of 18 concrete mixes were produced with different cement contents (350, 400 and
450 kg/m3) at W/C ratio of 0.4. Recycled glass was used to replace fine aggregate in proportions
of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The experimental results showed that the slump flow
increased with the increase of recycled glass content. On the other hand, the compressive
strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and static modulus of elasticity of recycled
glass (SCC) mixtures were decreased with the increase in the recycled glass content. The results
showed that recycled glass aggregate can successfully be used for producing self-compacting
concrete.
Dinesh. A et al focused on experiment with admixture by increasing percentage amount of fly

ash and silica fume In result they got low compressive strength by increasing fly ash and got
more compressive strength using silica fume. In case of tensile strength they achieved same

result as they got in case of compressive strength. So overall strength were improved by
increasing amount of silica fume rather than fly ash.
N R Gayawala et al obtained maximum compressive strength by adding amount of fly ash by

15% and for tensile strength they also got maximum tensile strength by adding 15% amount of
fly ash in self-compacting concrete they also found that SCC had good durability properties than
normal concrete. For flexural strength and pull out strength addition of 15% of fly ash in mix is
enough for maximum strength.
Zekong chen et al reviewed in process and application of self compacting concrete and they
focused on quality control of self-compacting concrete. Self-compacting concrete was different
than normal concrete in composition and requirements of material so strength of concrete in
respect to environment service was important like carbonation resistance, shrinkage cracking
performance which results as a long life concrete.
CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 GENERAL
Twelve different types of specimens were developed in the laboratory and Cubes of 150mm size
cast for testing compression.
3.2 MATERIALS USED:
Cement: Ordinary portland cement of 53 grade confirming to IS-12269 having specific gravity
of 3.07

FIGURE 3.1 CEMENT
Table 3.1: Physical Properties of Cement
Specific Gravity of Cement 3.07

Initial Setting time 44 min
Normal Consistency 33%

Fine aggregate: Fine aggregate is natural and obtained from local market. The physical
properties like specific Gravity, gradation are tested in accordance with IS 2386.
Figure 3.2 Fine aggregates
Figure 3.3 Coarse aggregates

Coarse Aggregate The crushed coarse aggregate of 20 mm maximum size as well as 12.5
23mm size are obtained from the local crushing plant, is used in the present study. The physical
properties of the coarse aggregate like specific gravity are tested in accordance with IS 2386.
1. Water : Confirming to Is 456:2000
2. Mix Proportion : M30 grade concrete
3.3 MATERIAL TESTS
3.3.1 Specific gravity (IS:2386)
a) Specific gravity of Cement
1. Density bottle is cleaned with distilled water and dried.

2. The weight W1 of the clean, dry density bottle with cap is noted.
3. About one-third of the density bottle is filled with cement. The weight W 2 of the density
bottle and cement solids is determined.
4. Small quantity of kerosene is poured into the soil and left until all pores are completely
filled with water.
5. Additional kerosene is poured into the density bottle to fill it completely upto the top of
the cap. The density bottle is dried from outside. The weight W 3 of density bottle and its
contents is determined.
6. The contents of the density bottle are removed. It is filled completely with kerosene upto
the top of the cap. The density bottle is dried from outside and its weight W4 is noted.
7. The specific gravity of the sample is determined by
8. The procedure is repeated twice, from steps 3 to 6 with other specimens from the same
material. The specific gravity is reported as the average of three readings.

9. Average Specific Gravity of Cement = 3.07
Fig 3.4 Specific gravity bottle of cement
Table 3.2 specific gravity of cement

S.No Weights (gm) Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3
1 W1 35 35 35
2 W2 70.5 73 75.5
3 W3 137 138.5 140.5
4 W4 113 113 113
5 G 3.08 3.04 3.11
b) Specific gravity of Coarse aggregate
1. Pycnometer is cleaned with distilled water and dried.

2. The weight W1 of the clean, dry pycnometer with cap is noted.
3. About one-third of the pycnometer is filled with coarse aggregates. The weight W2 of the
pycnometer and soil solids is determined.
4. Small quantity of water is poured into the soil and left until all pores are completely filled
with water.

5. Additional water is poured into the pycnometer to fill it completely upto the top of the cap.
The pycnometer is dried from outside. The weight W 3 of pycnometer and its contents is
determined.
6. The contents of the pycnometer are removed. It is filled completely with distilled water
upto the top of the cap. The pycnometer is dried from outside and its weight W 4 is noted. 7.
The specific gravity of the sample is determined by
Table 3.3: specific gravity of coarse aggregate
1 W1 638 638 638
2 W2 1209 1185 1214
3 W3 1897.5 1880 1903.5
4 W4 1530 1530 1530
5 G 2.805 2.776 2.844
9. Average value of coarse aggregate =2.8
c) Specific gravity of fine aggregate

1. Pycnometer is cleaned with distilled water and dried.

2. The weight W1 of the clean, dry pycnometer with cap is noted.

3. About one-third of the pycnometer is filled with fine aggregates. The weight W 2 of the
pycnometer and soil solids is determined.
4. Small quantity of water is poured into the soil and left until all pores are completely filled
with water.
5. Additional water is poured into the pycnometer to fill it completely upto the top of the cap.
The pycnometer is dried from outside. The weight W 3 of pycnometer and its contents is
determined.
6. The contents of the pycnometer are removed. It is filled completely with distilled water
upto the top of the cap. The pycnometer is dried from outside and its weight W 4 is noted. 7.
The specific gravity of the sample is determined by
1 W1 638 638 638
2 W2 1175 1185 1214
3 W3 1852 1880 1893
4 W4 1530 1530 1530
5 G 2.692 2.701 2.744
Table 3.3: specific gravity of fine aggregate

9. Average value of fine aggregate =2.71

Fig 3.5 Pyconometer
3.3.2 Normal consistency test of cement

Procedure:
1. Take 400g of cement and place it in a bowl or tray.
2. Now Assume standard consistency of water is 28% and add the same quantity of
water in cement and mix it.
3. Mix the paste thoroughly within 3-5 minutes. The time taken to obtain cement paste
after adding water is called gauging time.
4. Now fill the paste in Vicat mould correctly any excessive paste remained on Vicat
mould is taken off by using a trowel.
5. Then, place the VICAT mould on Glass plate and see that the plunger should touch
the surface of VICAT mould gently.
6. Release the Plunger and allow it to sink into the test mould.
7. Note down the penetration of the plunger from the bottom of mould indicated on the
scale.
8. Repeat the same experiment by adding different percentages of water until the
reading is in between 5-7mm on the Vicat apparatus scale.

Fig 3.6 Vicat’s apparatus
Table No: 3.4 Observations for Standard Consistency of Cement
S.No Weight of cement Percentage by Amount of water Penetration

added
(gm ) water of dry (mm)
(ml)
Cement (%)
1 400 25 100 28
2 400 27 108 22
3 400 29 116 16
4 400 31 124 13
5 400 33 132 7
3.3.3 Initial Setting Time of Cement

Procedure of Initial Setting Time of Cement
1. For determining the initial setting time of cement, place this mould filled with cement paste
below the Vicat apparatus and fit the needle used for testing the initial setting time.
2. Lower the bottom of the needle such that it touches the top of cement paste filled in mould.
3. Remove the locking pin from the top and quick release the needle, allowing it to penetrate into
the cement paste.
4. At the beginning, the needle penetrates and touches the bottom of mould. Repeat this process,
like quickly releasing the needle after every 2 minutes till the needle fails to penetrate the
cement paste for about 5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould.
5. Note Time (T2) when needle fails to penetrate 5 mm from the bottom of mould.
Initial Setting Time of Cement = 11:00 am – 11:44 am = 44 min.
 Mix design for M30 grade concrete
Step 1 — Determination of Target Strength

The target mean strength for specified characteristic cube strength is
Target mean strength f’ck= fck + kσ Where,
fck = characteristic strength below which certain percentage of test results are expected to fall.
k = Himsworth constant for 5% risk factor is 1.65. σ = Standard deviation is 5.0 M30 (from
table 8 of IS:456-2000)
Target mean strength f’ck= 30 + 1.65×5 = 38.25MPa
Step 2 — Selection of water / cement ratio—
Based on experience, water-cement ratio required for the target mean strength of 38.25 MPa is
0.40
Maximum water-cement ratio for Mild exposure condition = 0.45 (From Table 5 of IS 456 -2000)
0.40<0.45, hence OK.
Step 3 — Selection of Water and sand Content—
From Table 2 of IS:10262 – 2009, for 20 mm maximum size aggregate and sand grading for zone
II –

maximum water content =186 litre (for 25 to 50 mm slump range) sand

content = 35% of total aggregate.
For change in water-cement ratio, workability degree / compacting factor, and sand belonging to
Zone III
Estimated water content for 100 mm slump =186+6/100 x 186
= 186 + 11 = 197 litre
As superplasticizer is used as admixture, the water content can be reduced up 20% or more.
Based on trials with superplasticizer water content reduction of 29 percent has been achieved.
Hence, the arrived water content =197 x 0.71 =140 litre
Therefore, required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35 – 3.5
= 31.5%
Step 4 — Selection of Cement Content
Water-cement ratio = 0.40
Corrected water content = 197kg / m3
Cement content = 140/0.40 =350 kg/m3
From Table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for ‘severe’ exposure condition = 320 kg/m3
350 kg/m3 > 320 kg/m3, hence, cement content adopted = 350 kg/m3.
Step 5: Estimation of Coarse Aggregate proportion-
From Table 3 of IS 10262- 2009,
For Nominal maximum size of aggregate = 20 mm,
Volume of coarse aggregate for water-cement ratio of 0.50 =0.64 (Corresponding Zone III)
In this case w/c = 0.4 lower by 0.10. So, the proportion of volume of coarse aggregate is
increased by 0.02 (at the rate of ± 0.01 for every ± 0.05 change in water-cement ratio). For pump
or worked around congested reinforcing steel required more workable concrete the coarse
aggregate proportion may be reduced up to 10%.
Hence,
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate = 0.64 x 90% = 0.576
Volume of fine aggregate = 1 – 0.576 = 0.424
Step 6: Estimation of the mix ingredients a)
Volume of concrete = 1 m3

b) Volume of water
c) Volume of cement
d) Volume of chemical admixture (superplasticizer)

@2.0% by mass of cementitious material = 350 × 2% = 7 kg/m3
e) Volume of total aggregates = a – (b + c)

= 1-(0.111 +0.140+0.007)
= 0.742 m3
f) Mass of coarse aggregates = e × Volume of coarse aggregate × Specific gravity of coarse
aggregate × 1000 =0.742 x 0.576 × 2.84 × 1000 = 1213.79 kg/m3
g) Mass of fine aggregates = e x volume of fine aggregate × Specific gravity of fine aggregate ×
1000 = 0.742 × 0.424 × 2.64 × 1000 = 830.56 kg/m3
MIX PROPORTIONS
 Cement = 350kg/m3

 Water = 140 kg/m3

 Chemical Admixture = 7 kg/m3
 Fine aggregates = 830.56 kg/m3
 Coarse aggregate = 1215.43 kg/m3
 W/c = 0.4
 Fly ash 10% weight of the cement = 35kg/m3
3.4 SPECIMENS PREPARATION

The above specified concrete grade was poured in moulds of cubes, Specimen were prepared
with varying percentage of red mud. Total = 6 specimens required for 7 and 28 days testing
after curing of cubes.
3.4.1 Mix Proportion: In this , to control mix of M30 grade of proportion 1:1.95:3.05 was
designated with a water cement ration of 0.40 as per IS10262-2019 to achieve a target
compressive strength of 38.25N/mm2.
3.4.2 Casting
Standard cast iron cubes of dimension 150 mm X 150 mm X 150 mm were used to cast the
specimen for compression test. The side plates of the mould where sufficiently stiff to eliminate
spreading and warping. Before the concrete was placed in the mould, all the joints were
checked thoroughly for any leakage. A thin film of grease was applied to cover the joints
between the halves of the mould at the bottom surface of the mould and its base plate in
order to ensure that no water escapes.

Fig 3.7 Casting of cubes
3.4.3 Curing
After casting the moulded specimens are stored in the laboratory at room temperature for 24
hours. After these periods the specimens are remove from the moulds and immediately
submerged in clean, fresh water of curing tank specimens are cured for 7 and 28 days in the
present investigation work.
3.4.4 Slump cone test
Procedure for Concrete Slump Cone Test
1. Clean the internal surface of the mould and apply oil.
2. Place the mould on a smooth horizontal non- porous base plate.
3. Fill the mould with the prepared concrete mix in 4 approximately equal layers.
4. Tamp each layer with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod in a uniform
manner over the cross section of the mould. For the subsequent layers, the tamping should
penetrate into the underlying layer.
5. Remove the excess concrete and level the surface with a trowel.
6. Clean away the mortar or water leaked out between the mould and the base plate.
7. Raise the mould from the concrete immediately and slowly in vertical direction.

8. Measure the slump as the difference between the height of the mould and that of height
point of the specimen being tested.
• True Slump – True slump is the only slump that can be measured in the test. The
measurement is taken between the top of the cone and the top of the concrete after the
cone has been removed as shown in figure.
• Zero Slump – Zero slump is the indication of very low water-cement ratio, which results
in dry mixes. These type of concrete is generally used for road construction.
• Collapsed Slump – This is an indication that the water-cement ratio is too high, i.e.
concrete mix is too wet or it is a high workability mix, for which a slump test is not
appropriate.
• Shear Slump – The shear slump indicates that the result is incomplete, and concrete to be
retested.

Fig 3.8 slump cone test for conventional concrete

3.4.5 Slump flow test for SCC
The slump flow test is used assess the horizontal free flow of self compacting concrete in the
absence of obstructions. It was first developed in Japan for use in assessment of underwater
concrete. The test method is based on the test method for determining the slump. T is the
diameter of the concrete circle is a measure for the filling ability of the concrete.
Assessment of Slump Flow Test
This is a simple, rapid test procedure, though two people are needed if the T50 time is to be
measured. It can be used on site, though the size of the base plate is somewhat unwieldy and
level ground is essential.
It is the most commonly used test, and gives a good assessment of filling ability. It gives no
indication of the ability of the concrete to pass between reinforcement without booking, but may
give some indication of resistance to segregation.
It can be argued that the completely free flow, unrestrained by any foundries, is not
representative of what happens in concrete construction, but the test can be profitably be used to
assess the consistency of supply of supply of ready-mixed concrete to a site from load to load
The apparatus is show in figure;
• Mould in the shape of a truncated cone with the internal dimensions 200 mm diameter at
the base, 100mm diameter at the top and a height of 300 mm.
• Base plate of a stiff non-absorbing material, at least 700mm square, marked with a circle
marking the central location for the slump cone, and a further concentric circle of 500mm
diameter
• Trowel
• Scoop
• Ruler
• Stopwatch(optional)

Fig 3.9 slump flow test for SCC  Difference between slump cone test and slump flow
test
A separate test, known as the flow table, or slump-flow test, is used for concrete that is too fluid
(non-workable) to be measured using the standard slump test, because the concrete will not
retain its shape when the cone is removed.
3.4.6 Compressive strength test
1. Remove the samples from the water after curing time specified and excess water from the
surface should be wiped.
2. The dimension of the samples to the nearest 0.2m taken
3. The bearing surface of the testing machine should be cleaned
4. Place the sample in the machine so that the load is applied to the opposite sides of the cube cast.
5. Align the centre of the sample with the machine's base plate.
6. Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the top surface of the specimen.
7. Gently rotate the movable part by hand so that it touches the upper surface of the sample.
8. Apply load gradually at a rate of 140 kg / cm2 per minute until the samples fail.
9. The maximum load recorded and any unusual features in the type of failure noted.

CALCULATION
Compressive Strength of concrete = Maximum compressive load carried by specimen / Cross
Sectional Area surface of specimen.
Fig 3.10 compressive test of cube and SCC mix
CHAPTER-4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 GENERAL
As per experimental results for different experiments were obtained. They are shown in table
format and graph, which is to be presented in this chapter.
4.2 WORKABILITY TEST

4.2.1 SLUMP FLOW AND SLUMP CONE TESTS
The workability tests were performed on the conventional concrete and SCC concrete to check
the workability of it following results were obtained, according to which it can be concluded
that with the test are shown below in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Results of Slump test
S.No Slump vale for Slump value for

SCC ( mm )
normal concrete
1 75mm 650mm
The slump value for conventional concrete is 75mm it shows medium workability. A value of at
least 650 mm is required for SCC (Self Compacting Concrete). As per designed mix the slump
value also 650mm. addition fly ash in SCC the mix showed greater flowability.
4.2.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

The compressive strength test was performed on the cubes of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm to
check the compressive strength of red mud with concrete and the results obtained are given
Table 4.2 Experimental Data of concrete at 7 days
S.No Conventional Self compacting concrete

concrete
1 16.32N/mm2 17.63N/mm2
Table 4.3 Experimental Data of concrete at 28 days

S.No Conventional Self compacting concrete

concrete
1 37.09N/mm2 38.28N/mm2
It is observed that 10% of increase in strength of concrete when compare to conventional
concrete to self compacting concrete. Self compacting concrete achieves its strength by adding
fly ash in concrete mix.

CONCLUSIONS
 SCC has high potential for greater acceptance and wider applications in highway, bridge
construction in the all over world. It has been verified that, by using slump flow and other
tests on fresh SCC , it can self - compact and self - flow under it’s own weight. Based on
above results and discussions the following conclusion are drawn:
 Self Compacting Concrete technology can save time, cost, enhance quality, durability and
moreover it is a green concept.
 Since the concrete is capable of Self-consolidating and reaching the difficult areas in mould
manual variables in terms of placing and compacting concrete is nil. This factor ultimately
yields defect less, better-quality concrete structures.
 The fresh properties of concrete was satisfied by addition of fly ash.
 There is 10% of increase in strength of compressive strength when compare to
conventional concrete.
FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
The present study involves with workability test and mechanical properties such as compressive
strength, slump cone and slump flow test of M30 grade concrete for conventional and self
compacting concrete with addition of 10% fly ash. But further can cast the concrete specimens
with different grades of concrete with different proportions of fly ash or other mineral and
chemical admixtures. In this only compressive test is performed flexure and split tensile strength
can also determine. In this study only slump flow test was determined but further can perform
other workability tests like L box test, J ring test and V funnel test.

REFERENCES
[1]. H.Okamora And M.Ouchi Self-compacting concrete progress, present use and future.
First worldwide RILEM Symposium on Self-compacting Concrete. Rilem PublicationsSARL,
314.1999
[2].Poppe A.M. And Schutter, G.D. 2005. Cement hydration within the Presence ofexecessive
filler contents. Cem. Concr. Res., 35 (12): 2290-2299.
[3].EFNARC 2005. European guidelines for self-compacting concrete, specification,production
and use. May 2005.
[4].Japan Society of Civil Engineers, ―Recommendation for Construction of SelfCompacting
Concrete‖,157- 164 pp., 1998.
[5].VenuMalagavelliet. Al “high performance CONCRETE WITH GGBS AND
ROBOSAND”/international journal of engineering and science/ vol. 2(10), 2010, 5107-5113.
[6].Swamy R.N, High Performance Durability through Design. International Workshop
onHighperformance Concrete, ACI-SP, Vol.159 (14), pp.209-230, 1996.
[7].SyamPrakash*, ‘Ready Mixed Concrete using Manufactured Sand as Fine Aggregate‘,32nd
Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures:28-29 August 2007.
[8].M. Sailakshmi and Dr.B.S.R.kprasad., ’strength and Workability traits of
excessiveperformance Concrete with Partial replacement of Cement and Sand with GBBS and
Robosand., international Journal of Engineering study & technological know-
how(IJERT)Vol.
2 issue 8,August – 2013.
[9].IS: 12089 (Specification for Granulated Slag for Manufacture of Portland Slag Cement),
Indian Standard Code of Practice, 1987.


Self Compacting Concerete

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Aurora’s Technological and Reasearch Institute

Department of Civil Engineering 1

Department of Civil Engineering 2

1.2 MATERIALS USED FOR SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

 SUPER PLASTICIZER (SP)

Department of Civil Engineering 3

1.3 NECESSITY OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE:

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.5 SCC APPLICATIONS

• Construction of raft and pile foundations

• Retrofitting and repairing constructions

• Structures with complex reinforcement distributions

• Construction of earth retaining systems

Department of Civil Engineering 4

1.6 REASONS TO USE SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE

ELIMINATE MECHANICAL VIBRATION Self-leveling, self-consolidating concrete

IMPROVE CONCRETE CONSOLIDATION SCC's impressive flowability promotes

o Decreased construction times o Lower discharge and placement

o Cosmetic repairs that otherwise take time

o Less wear and tear on equipment

Department of Civil Engineering 5

Special Considerations When Using Self-Compacting Concrete

CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Department of Civil Engineering 7

Dinesh. A et al focused on experiment with admixture by increasing percentage amount of fly

Department of Civil Engineering 8

N R Gayawala et al obtained maximum compressive strength by adding amount of fly ash by

3.2 MATERIALS USED:

Department of Civil Engineering 9

FIGURE 3.1 CEMENT

Table 3.1: Physical Properties of Cement

Specific Gravity of Cement 3.07

Department of Civil Engineering 10

Figure 3.2 Fine aggregates

Figure 3.3 Coarse aggregates

Department of Civil Engineering 11

1. Water : Confirming to Is 456:2000

2. Mix Proportion : M30 grade concrete

3.3 MATERIAL TESTS

3.3.1 Specific gravity (IS:2386)

a) Specific gravity of Cement

1. Density bottle is cleaned with distilled water and dried.

Department of Civil Engineering 12

9. Average Specific Gravity of Cement = 3.07

Fig 3.4 Specific gravity bottle of cement

Table 3.2 specific gravity of cement

3 W3 137 138.5 140.5

4 W4 113 113 113

5 G 3.08 3.04 3.11

b) Specific gravity of Coarse aggregate

1. Pycnometer is cleaned with distilled water and dried.

Department of Civil Engineering 13

Table 3.3: specific gravity of coarse aggregate

S.No Weights (gm) Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3

1 W1 638 638 638

2 W2 1209 1185 1214

3 W3 1897.5 1880 1903.5

4 W4 1530 1530 1530

5 G 2.805 2.776 2.844

9. Average value of coarse aggregate =2.8

c) Specific gravity of fine aggregate

Department of Civil Engineering 14

2. The weight W1 of the clean, dry pycnometer with cap is noted.