WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

INTRODUCTION:
Water is essential requirement of life. However, many of our villages are still
suffering from adequate facilities specially the water supply. Besides providing
water for drinking purposes, it is also essential to supply treated water
conforming to the requirements of potable water. In this pretext, a water supply
scheme for for BENKANHALLI village of Belgaum district is planned and designed
for the project, This is one of the villages which are underdeveloped mainly
because of scarcity of water, so as to develop this area we have selected this
place for water supply scheme.

NECESSITY:
BENKANAHALLI village is located at 4.5 km from belgavi city head post office. the
village is not provided with proper and sustained water supply.presently
water is supplied through poor water supply scheme.people of
BENKANHALLI mainly depend on the sub-surface and surface resources like
well, bore well and rivers.this system has been found to be insufficient due
to increase in population. for this pupose a new water supply scheme has
been proposed to supply water subsequently to fulfil the variousvwater
demands.

IN order to ensure the availability of sufficient quantity of good quality of

water,it becomes almost impertaive in this present scenario of acute water
storage,to plan and build suitable water supply scheme,which may provide
potable water to meet the demand and requirment.hence proper
planninng is neccessary in this water supply scheme.the growing
population,inreliable monsoon and wasteful usage pattern has lead to wide
spread scarcity ofwater.hence it is being realised that more efforts are
needed to maximize the use of natural resources.
 This inconvenience of water can be avoided by contructing an efficient
water supply scheme for the above mentioned village.

POPULATION FORECASTING;

The number of human beings residing in a certain area at any particular time is
called population.

POPULATION DENSITY;

''The water supply project is not only desinged for present population, but it is
made to accommodate the future population at the end of or three decades.''

The water supply scheme is designed for resent population ,but also account
for future population of 3to4 decides. the growth of population depends on three
main factors viz.,births,deaths and migrations.the design period may vary from 20
to30 years and even up to 50 years ,but for nominal projects is is taken as 20 to
30 years.to forecast the future population we should have present and past
population data which can be obtained by census record prepared by cencus of
india and local bodies. minimum 40 years of past records have been collected and
future forecast of 30 years has been done.

design period values depend on,

1.The useful life of the component facility.

2.Ease in carrying out extensions when reqired.

3.Rate of intrest so that expenditure far ahead of utility of is avoided.

POPULATION FORECASTING METHODS

a) arthmetical increase method.

b) geometrical increase method.

c) incremental increase method.

d) decreasing rate of growth method.

A) Arithmetical increase method;

This is the simplest method .generally gives lower results.

in this method,the increase in population from decade to decade is assumed

constant.

pn=p+nx

where,

 Pn =future population at the end of n decade .

 P=present population
 X=average population increase /decade.
Geometricarease methods;

in this method ,is it assumed that percentage increase in population from decade
to decade is constant.

it gives much higher values;hence it is suitable for growing towms and cities

Pn=Pox(1+=r/100)''

where,

 Po=present populotion .
 r=assumed growth rate in %

n=number of decades from year 2017.

c) Incremental increase method;

it combinesv both the arithmetic and the geometrical average method.in

this method decade growth rate is not assumed to be constant.the
increment in increase for each decade depends upon wheter the average of
the incremental increase is the past data is positive or negative.

Pn=Po+nX+{n(n+1)/2} Y
  Po=present population.
 X=average increase per decade.
 Y=net incremental increase.

If the average rate of demand and population are known it is easy to calculate the
required quqntity of water.

d) Deceasing rate of growth method:

In this method ,the average deacrease in the percentage increase is worked out
and is then subtracted from the latest percentage increase for each successive
decade i.e.

Pn=Po+(Xo-Y)*Po)/100

Where,

 Po=present population.
 Xo=Latest percentage increase in population.
 Y=average decrease in percentage incraese.

POPULATION DETAILS OF BENAKANAHALLI

YEAR POPULATION

2007 810

2017 1520

GEOMETRICCAL INCREASE METHOD

YEAR OF POPULATION INCREASE IN PERCENTAGE INCREMENTAL

CENSUS POPULATION INCREASE IN POPULATION,r
2007 810
710 87.65%
2017 1520