Secured, Intelligent Blood and Organ
Donation Management System - “LifeShare”
P.L. Wijayathilaka P.H. Pahala Gamage
Faculty of Computing Faculty of Computing
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Malabe, Sri Lanka Malabe, Sri Lanka
it17080422@my.sliit.lk it17378130@my.sliit.lk
A.P.P.S. Athukorala K.A.D.C.P. Kahandawaarachchi
Faculty of Computing Faculty of Computing
2020 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC) | 978-1-7281-8412-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICAC51239.2020.9357211
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Malabe, Sri Lanka Malabe, Sri Lanka
it17091862@my.sliit.lk chathurangika.k@sliit.lk
Abstract— The scarcity and exigency for blood and organs
has created many discrepancies in current approaches. These
have created the criteria for malpractices such as organ
trafficking and black market selling. This research presents a
solution with a secured-smart blood and organ donation web
developed system, allowing both patients and healthcare
providers to access information about the blood and organ
processing records. The database would be managed using the
Blockchain technology which could be only accessed by
authorized users. Finally, tracking all registered donors, the
proposed system generates a smart identity developed by
Ethereum Smart Contract (ESC). System predicts blood
demand for the future ten years using Linear Regression Model
with 0.998 of high R-squared accuracy value. This reduces
shortages and wastage of blood. Also, using global positioning
system and K-Nearest Neighbors Machine Learning algorithm,
the system finds the best matches among donors and seekers
according to the nearest location. Further, the system will
automatically send questionnaires for registered users to
identify and evaluate their awareness and issues about organ
donation. Overall, this study aims for a secured and transparent
web application. Thus, it facilitates an innovative and a
productive blood donation and organ transplantation process in
Sri Lankan healthcare sector.
Keywords— Blockchain technology, K-Nearest Neighbor
Algorithm, blood prediction, organ transplantation
I. INTRODUCTION
This paper introduces a good quality framework to cross
over any barrier between the blood benefactors, the
individuals deprived of, and keen on blood and organ
donation. Blood donation is one of the most generous and
critical commitments an individual can make to the society. It
doesn't hurt a human to donate blood. The donor's body can
recover blood within a few weeks. Sri Lanka is considered as
one of the leading models to other regional developing
countries which have achieved strides in the area of blood
transfusion in the Asia region. At present, the blood print
storage is managed by the National Transfusion Service,
which is popularly known as the central blood bank. It is the
978-1-7281-8412-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
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K.H.B. De Silva
Faculty of Computing
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Malabe, Sri Lanka
it17153850@my.sliit.lk
K.N. Pulasinghe
Faculty of Computing
Malabe, Sri Lanka
koliya.p@sliit.lk
sole supplier of blood and blood-related products to all
government hospitals and most private sector hospitals. There
are 101 hospital based blood banks and two independent blood
centers affiliated with 19 cluster centers based on
geographical distribution. The overall blood transfusion
service in Sri Lanka has been recognized and rewarded several
times[1]. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement and
endeavoring for service excellence in areas of blood and organ
donation management.
‘LifeShare’ system is a web application through which
registered users can check accessibility/availability of their
blood requirement. As and when required, users can also send
online requests for blood to the contributor, thus to coordinate
with regard to blood necessity. Other than these, the proposed
system automates the matching of blood groups through a
special location tracking system that is integrated to an
online/cloud platform. Currently, blood banks in some private
hospitals do not have in place, such an advanced and
integrated system, as such, it is expected to introduce the new
online system for blood banks of Asiri Hospital, Lanka
Hospitals, Durdans Hospital etc. Another point is that an
effective organ transplant system in local healthcare sector is
at an infant stage with drawbacks, and yet to be improved.
Also, this research seeks to identify the level of
awareness/knowledge, attitude, transparency and
commitment among people by sending notifications to user’s
account about special notices, system generated user friendly
questionnaires and news updates. An additional feature is
sharing of blood and organ requests in social media or via
short message systems (SMS) to spread the message through
the society. Finally using all these techniques, this proposed
platform will provide a highly efficient and productive service
to people.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In literature survey, researchers focused on areas of similar
research in terms of functionalities and areas/aspects. The
main purpose of this project is to build a blood donation
application that is user friendly and has the intelligence. In
doing so, it seeks out donations which will no longer be a
matter of risk, thus free of worries. At the beginning of the
project, some secondary resources supporting this study were
researched. Accordingly, researchers gain insights on existing
functions that helped identify the study framework and scope
of work.
Inventing a Tykn’s digital identity platform [2] suggests
that the healthcare industry could easily and seamlessly be
verified; this is via digital verifiable credentials issued by
other organizations. A healthcare facility could trust the
authenticity of a patient credential without even having to
check the actual data contained therein. These privacy
maintaining channels for identity management in blockchain-
based devices, would be assured through cryptography and
zero-knowledge proofs. If the signature matches the one in
patient’s credential, it’s considered as authentic. These
findings may have been more applicable to ‘LifeShare system’
Smart ID which assists disconnected and duplicated patient
information records, for widespread integration with a
distributed master identity record. Additionally, users can
create an identity profile where access is permitted only to
authorized users.
By inventing the Veins Application, Perera suggests that
location-based apps are effective in finding the nearest donor
for a particular blood donation requirement. Developer
Sachira Fernando (CEO of Inforgrid Holdings) and his team
were the creators of this project [3]. Also, a similar project
communication is important during an emergency. This
project is an SMS-based blood donor management application
launched by Dialog Axiata PLC in collaboration with the
National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Sri Lanka. The
objective of the project is to facilitate more donors to add to
the national blood supply system, thereby assist the Sri
Lankan public in an emergency. ‘SMS Blood’ enables mobile
users to register as blood donors through SMS. To register for
this service, the user must type BLOOD from his Dialog
Mobile and send to 7777. Upon registering, users can access
services provided by the NBTS using their Dialog mobile by
dialing #770#; users can even locate the nearest blood
donation center and view their donation history [4].
Pacheco concludes that, he successfully developed a
‘Characterizing Organ Donation Awareness’ from social
media. Approximately 22 people die every day in the USA
due to lack of organs for transplant. Research available to date
suggests that the most effective solution is to increase organ
donor rates from expanding the donor eligibility criteria
(donor pool) to perform mass media campaigns. Hypothesis is
that social media can be utilized as a sensor, to characterize
organ donation awareness and population engagement when
donating for each different organ. This paper aims at exploring
the extent in which social media, such as Twitter, may be used
to sense the population regarding organ donation awareness
[6].
Xiaochu reveals that the need for, and services of
predicting blood supply and demand will be increasingly
important in the next 20 years, with population ageing in
China. As a result, this will increase demand for blood
products, which may lead to severe disruption of blood supply
and demand. This study aims to predict changes in blood
supply and demand by 2035 in China [8]. It should be
emphasized that this study would have been more reliable, if
it had rare blood type predictions incorporated into the study,
when compared to the proposed ‘LifeShare’ system. Various
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literature reviewed in this section along with the proposed
system provide a reliable and secure system for any
stakeholder who can also be a potential user. Especially,
voluntary blood donors and organ donors feel more confident
as they will now be in safe hands during the donation process.
III. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Main objective of this research is to provide unique
platform for both blood and organ donation management with
advanced security features for the first time in Sri Lanka;
also, to minimize death rates associated with organ donations.
Secondary objectives are as follows;
A. Blockchain-based tracking and generating a smart ID:
The blockchain technology could help to improve the
process, by providing a more reliable and accurate data in
blood and organ donation. This would secure the blood and
organ donation process, while protecting sensitive patient and
donor details [7]. The system provides access to identity
management commands and stores hash representations of
identity data.
B. Automated blood group matching with location tracking
system:
Automated blood group matching finds the best match
blood donor by global positioning system (GPS) location
service. Application is also geared to locate the best matches
among the accessible donors with the assistance of
automation algorithm.
C. Predicting future blood supply and demand in Sri
Lanka:
‘LifeShare’ aims to supply blood uninterruptedly in
immediate incidents through pre-stored storages. By
predicting future blood supply and demand, blood shortage
can be estimated in advance. Therefore, by predicting data
models and statistics, storing extra blood bags of rare blood
groups can be planned for future 10 years.
D. Evaluating previous organ donation failures in Sri
Lanka and finding solutions via features of the proposed
system:
The current research seeks to identify the level of
knowledge, attitude, transparency and commitment among
people by updating special notices and news. Questionnaires
are generated for five main solid organs such as kidney,
lungs, liver, heart and pancreas. System analyzes responses
for each questionnaire and thus, can support to improve the
quality of service.
IV. METHODOLOGY
High Level Architecture of overall research contains an
unique web-based system which supports to both desktops
and mobiles. Users are mainly donors, seekers and healthcare
personals. Seekers may be either healthcare
personals/officers or general seekers. The proposed system
sets out the procedural approach of how to bridge the gap
between the recipient, donor, and blood banks. This new
application will provide a common ground for all three
parties (i.e. recipient, donor, and blood banks) and thereby
will ensure fulfillment of demand for blood requested by the
recipient and/or blood bank. The proposed system provides
one of the best solutions for the Sri Lankan healthcare sector.
Fig. 1. System Hardware Architecture diagram
System Design: “LifeShare” system has developed for 4
components as follows;
A. Blockchain-based tracking and generating a ’Smart
Identity.
For blockchain-based component process, the system
generates a smart ID for donors and recipients after verifying
data accuracy. Therefore, users can share their identity with
main health organizations by linking their private key which
can retain data non-identifiable to those without the key. The
donor and recipient records can, be seen as in an integrated
global database based on Blockchain technology, secured with
cryptographic tools. Confidentiality and privacy can be
ensured using encryption tools and techniques[7].
Smart ID uses the Ethereum blockchain model to represent
an identity using a smart contract; attributes can be added by
the identity owner and are stored in hash form. This is the
Smart ID contract as used by the Smart ID instance. It
describes core functionalities required as part of a Smart ID
contracts with encryption keys, attributes and endorsements.
A Smart ID is an ‘Ethereum smart contract’ (ESC) address.
The ESC must be constructed using valid Smart ID bytecode.
Smart ID enables disconnected and duplicated patients
information records, to widespread integration with a
distributed master identity record. Users are able to create an
identity profile and allow trusted users, including institutions,
to verify its authenticity. Users can then interact between one
another directly, in safe mode knowing the authenticity of
their counterparty.
B. Automating blood group matching with the location
tracking system.
According to the auto matching function, a person willing
to become a blood donor has to perform all compulsory blood
tests before donating blood. Then the user can obtain the
medical eligibility details. After all, he must register and input
required details into the system. If the person is found to be an
eligible donor, personal details and eligibility details will be
fed into the system database of eligible donors by healthcare
personnel. An email and notification will automatically be
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sent to the user. Thereafter, the system will be able to track
and locate the user whenever required.
Healthcare personnel send a query using the web
application to find donors of the required blood group. The
query provides two lists of all donors with the required blood
group, together with a notification for those donors who have
their tracking option on. One list includes details of the nearest
donors with location. The other indicates details of non-
nearest donors. The GPS location service tracks location of
donors. In doing so, it aims onwards find the best matches
among the donors available with the help of automation
method. In this method, blood factors of the person who needs
blood, will be compared with those of all donors in the
database. This system deploys of K-Nearest Neighbors
(KNN) ML Algorithm to detect the best matched donors; this
projects a unique feature unlike in other systems. App will
filter only those people who are eligible to donate blood
according to age and the last donated date. Remarkably,
‘LifeShare tracking system’ is also equipped with the feature
to track the blood donation history of a donor. It means that, if
a person donates blood once, then he will not be shown in the
map for the next three months. Such health and safety features
are inbuilt to the system because it’s not healthy to donate
blood more than once in three months.
C. Predicting future blood supply and demand in Sri Lanka.
The system predicts future blood supply and demand
volume in Sri Lankas’ hospitals. This is carried out
considering the main three cases as Routine surgery cases,
Emergency surgery cases and Road traffic surgery cases
which usually occur on a daily basis in hospitals of Sri Lanka.
Data sets that created contains linear regression model to
predict the blood according to those cases. In statistics, linear
regression models the relationship between a scalar response
and one or more explanatory variables. The case of one
explanatory variable is called simple linear regression. For
more than one explanatory variable, the process is called
multiple linear regression. This study uses simple linear
regression to predict blood volume. Then the model is
deployed using flask with react JS. Also, react graphs show
the predicted output graphically. Other than this, there are four
types of blood loss classes in the medicine field. However, in
this proposed system, the following average volumes are used
for each class; Class 1- 650ml, Class 2 – 1,250ml, Class 3 –
1,750ml, Class 4 – 2,500ml[8].
First, the doctor should select the blood loss class. Then,
concern is the number of patients for the given blood loss
according to blood groups. In the next step, the doctor can
save data and predict output for the given blood group or go
forward and add the other blood loss class details as in the
above scenario. Likewise, the doctor can add details of all
patients according to each blood loss class separately. Finally,
the total blood volume requirement for patients according to
blood groups can be predicted.
D. Evaluating previous organ donation failures in Sri
Lanka and finding solutions via the system.
As the public interest for organ donation is relatively low,
once developed this system can help improve the attitude of
people towards organ donation. By updating special notices
and news, research seeks to gain insights in identifying the
level of knowledge, attitude, transparency and the extent of
commitment among people. System generates a list of donors
separately, about those who are eligible to donate each organ
by using ML with python language. Apart from this, daily
organ prediction was carried out using ML model using flask.
This study uses introducing of special features, integrating the
same into an online platform. Another special feature is
sharing of requests regarding blood and organs in social media
or via SMS, to spread the message through the society.
Analyzing responses of questionnaire can help acquire
knowledge and perception/attitude on donating of blood and
organs. By the way of Artificial intelligence (AI), special
notices and notifications can be sent to users; these includes
information, circulars and rules about donating blood and
organs.
E. Dataset in detail
This community-based cross-sectional study was
conducted among 250 people living in various districts
throughout Sri Lanka. Accordingly, system analysis was
carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, which included
details on blood and organ donation. system was predicted the
daily blood volume for the hospitals using the dataset that
contains 1000 tuples of data in different hospitals around Sri
Lanka. In the dataset we collected number of routine surgery
cases, Emergency surgery cases, road traffic accident cases as
independent variables and total blood volume as dependent
variables according to the relevant hospital name. Thereafter,
those data were imputed into linear regression algorithm
considering dependent and independent variables.
F. Tools and Technologies
React JS technology has been deployed to develop user
interfaces and Node JS, Java for back end functions. Visual
Studio Code, IntelliJ and Sublime text are tools for React JS,
Node JS and Java function implementations. MySQL
workbench and XAMPP used for database connection.
Algorithms have been created in python language, by using
PyCharm.
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The blockchain technology enabled to improve the blood
and organ donation process by providing more reliable and
accurate data, while protecting sensitive patient and donor
details. Followed by verifying data accuracy, the system
generates a smart ID for donors. Donors and seekers can share
their identity with main health organizations by linking their
private key, which can remain data non-identifiable to those
without the key. Users can then interact between one another
directly and safely, knowing the authenticity of their
counterparty. The threat of fake identities as well as hacking
are unlikely and impossible in blockchain technology.
Fig. 2. Screenshot of Smart contract created for smart Id
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As mentioned under Section IV-A, a smart ID is an ESC
address. Above Fig.2 smart contract was programmed by
solidity; it connects with the front-end which has given an
output as a smart ID with a hash value. The smart contract
was be constructed using valid Smart ID bytecode. System
provides access to identity management commands and stores
hash representations of identity data. A unique smart ID
number has been generated for all registered blood and organ
donors throughout the registered period in the system. System
updates details of blood and organ requests.
Fig. 3. Blockchain flow diagram
Furthermore, blood donors, organ donors, recipients and
normal users have separate account logins. In the meantime,
the blockchain process is ongoing through the administration
panel by connecting/linking all accounts. Finally, all
information analyzed as well as database are stored as blocks
in the blockchain.
1. Matching results between donors and seekers:
Database includes two tables called donors and seekers. In
the matching process, text fields will be filled by using
seeker’s details and submitted. Then, seeker’s record will be
added into the system (seeker’s table). Thereafter, the system
will check the matched donors and display these results. These
two processes are set to the same onclick method through the
submit button. Whenever, a blood donor is required,
healthcare personnel can access the system to locate and
contact the nearest blood donor, much quickly and easily.
2. Eligibility checking results of donors according to
time:
Time taken to find a donor through the system by
comparing the current process and proposed process is
different. As in the proposed system, automated blood group
matching finds the best match blood donor by GPS location
service. Application is also geared to locate the best matches
among the accessible donors with the assistance of automation
algorithm. So, it will take a minimum time period as about 5
seconds to find donors. Other current system processes take
that minimum time period as above 60 seconds. It has proven
by our accuracy test. So, the process proposed is effective than
the existing processes.

3.
Location tracking results of donors, hospital, blood
banks and centers:
This locating function is directly connected to donors’
details in the donor table. Here, a column named location
includes buttons for each row, and for each donor. When a
user click one of these buttons/donors, the system opens the
map and shows location of that particular donor. Then the
seekers can search near-by donors by their own mobile
devices. Nevertheless, at this level, seekers will not have
access to personal addresses of donors due to privacy issues.
Instead, seekers can contact the hospital, blood bank or center
used to be. Emergency prediction using blood loss class is a
function that depends on emergency incidents in hospitals.
Once the user analyzes these details of charts and graphs, they
can obtain a clear idea about blood volume needs for patients
under emergency cases. Thereafter, based on these data,
healthcare users can place orders for blood through the
hospital blood bank unit for patients, easily and speedily.
Emergency Blood Volume Prediction
50000

Blood Volume (ML)

45000
to which the donor belongs. 40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
A+ A- B+ B- O+ O- AB+ AB-
Blood Group

Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4

Fig.6. Emergency Blood volume prediction.

By developing this web-based application system, it will

Fig.4. The donor auto matching and tracking process.
Once values are inserted, users in the healthcare sector
can predict the daily total blood volume according to those
number of cases as follows. Then daily total blood volumes
are multiplied from the international blood group distributing
percentages. This way, much reliable and accurate blood
volume forecasts/predictions for all blood groups can be
obtained. R-squared value should be between 0.5 and 1.
According to our research following Fig.5, output was 0.998
R-squared value which gave a high Model Accuracy
(according to the values given by the user for respective
cases).
Daily Blood Volume Prediction
Blood Volume (ML)
assist to improve attitude/perception, transparency and
knowledge of people towards organ donation. By sharing
blood and organ requests in social media or via SMS, it
spread the message through the society. Further, the system
will automatically generate and send simple and user-friendly
questionnaires for each solid organ (hence for five organs) for
registered people. Purpose is to evaluate their knowledge,
issues, failures and likeliness about organ donation. System
analyzes responses of questionnaires, therefore, can guide to
make improvements to the process of organ donation. Thus,
it contributes towards reducing death rates and minimizing
organ donation failures. This system generates a list of organ
donors who are registered for donation of organs.
Additionally, this generates a separate list of donors who are
eligible to donate organs for five solid organs like kidney,
lungs, liver, heart and pancreas.
Organs that people like to donate after death

350000
Organ Type

300000 Kidney 70.2

250000
200000 Lungs 51.2
150000 Liver 51.2
100000
50000 Heart 53.2
0
Pancreas 39.5
Day1Day2Day3Day4Day5Day6Day7Day8Day9
Days Don't like to donate 20.5
Actual Blood Volume
Predicted Blood volume 0 50 100
Percentage %
Fig.5. Daily blood volume prediction
Fig. 7. Organ donor percentage for each solid organ
By using this component, the blood bank can predict the
total blood volume for the respective hospital easily than it

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 According to the researched data set, system generates the
percentage of organs people who are waiting for a donation.
Out of all donors, 80% were aware of organ donation. Among
these participants, awareness was highest in the age group
18–30 years 98.8%, male 57.1%, and female 42.9%.
Contribution of people to Organ donation
90
80
70
Percentage %
60
50
40 80
30 67
20
35
10 24
0 3
Aware of Think Aware of Definitely Have
Organ organ the process willing to registered
donation donation is donate to donate
important organs
How they contributed
Fig.8. Contribution of people to organ donation
Above Fig.8. shows the percentage of people as to how
they contributed to organ donation. Sources of awareness
about organ donation was primarily through media (80%).
Most of the participants (67%) felt that the purpose of organ
donation was to save life. Most of the participants (91%)
responded that all healthy adults are eligible organ donors
whereas 87% of the participants were of the view that
monetary benefits could not be accepted for organ donation.
Most participants (70%) were willing to donate their organs
after death. Among the participants who refused to donate
their organs, family refusal (42%) was cited as the most
common reason.
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
No one should die from lack of blood or organs. To date
there is no artificial replacement for blood and human organs.
As soon as the product is for placement to a live environment,
since this was a considerable problem among donors and
recipients in this system can play a major role of progressing
blood and organ donation. Specially there wasn’t specific
systems to focusing on advanced features as the system
facilitated by the blockchain technology and location
tracking. An exclusive feature of this ‘Lifeshare’ application
was it can share within any blood bank connects through the
general hospitals as well as for private hospitals by including
their relevant databases. That was fruitful in changing
discrepancies and malpractices in existing procedures, to a
system that is user friendly, secure and intelligent. At present,
no specific systems are in place in the Sri Lankan healthcare
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sector, to map blood groups volumes required and location
tracking. This study also shows that a high level of awareness
exists about organ donation among people and most
participants are willing to donate their organs. As such, the
‘LifeShare’ system provides a unique platform for a
productive blood and organ donation management. With
advanced security features such as minimizing the risk of
organ trafficking, “LifeShare’ system is a breakthrough in Sri
Lanka’s healthcare sector. Imagine a country where no
person needs to die with a shortage of blood and organs.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank Dr. Parakum Pathirana
(CEO of LOLC Technologies) for his initiation, external
supervision and guidance throughout the period of this
research. As Blockchain Technology is a relatively new area
for medical domain, this work would not probably have been
successfully completed without his continuous support.
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