https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/elan.

200804284

A Biomimetic Potentiometric Sensor

Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for
the Cetirizine Assay in Tablets and
Biological Fluids
Despite the increasing number of applications of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in
analytical chemistry, the construction of a biomimetic potentiometric sensor remains still
challenging. In this work, a biomimetic potentiometric sensor, based on a non-covalent
imprinted polymer was fabricated for the recognition and determination of cetirizine. The MIP
was synthesized by precipitation polymerization, using cetirizine dihydrochloride as a template
molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
(EGDMA) as a cross linking agent. The sensor showed high selectivity and a sensitive response
to the template in aqueous system. The MIP-modified electrode exhibited Nernstian response
(28.0±0.9 mV/decade) in a wide concentration range of 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−2 M with a lower
detection limit of 7.0×10−7 M. The electrode has response time of ca. 20 s, high performance,
high sensitivity, and good long term stability (more than 5 months). The method was satisfactory
and used to the cetirizine assay in tablets and biological fluids

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653512006315?via%3Dihub

Immunoassays as high-throughput tools:

Monitoring spatial and temporal variations
of carbamazepine, caffeine and cetirizine in
surface and wastewaters
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), caffeine and cetirizine were monitored by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in surface and wastewaters from Berlin, Germany. This
fast and cost-efficient method enabled to assess the spatial and temporal variation of
these anthropogenic markers in a high-throughput screening. CBZ and cetirizine were
detected by the same antibody, which selectively discriminates between both
compounds depending on the pH value used in the incubation step. To our best
knowledge, this is the first dual-analyte immunoassay working with a single antibody.

The frequent sampling with 487 samples being processed allowed for the repeated
detection of unusually high concentrations of CBZ and caffeine. ELISA results correlate
well with the ones obtained by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-
MS/MS). Caffeine concentrations found in surface waters were elevated by combined
sewer overflows after stormwater events. During the hay fever season, the
concentrations of the antihistamine drug cetirizine increased in both surface and
wastewaters.

Caffeine was almost completely removed during wastewater treatment, while CBZ and
cetirizine were found to be more persistent. The maximum concentrations of caffeine,
CBZ and cetirizine found in influent wastewater by LC–MS/MS were 470, 5.0 and
0.49 μg L−1, while in effluent wastewater the concentrations were 0.22, 4.5 and
0.51 μg L−1, respectively. For surface waters, concentrations up to 3.3, 4.5 and
0.72 μg L−1 were found, respectively.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1061934808090153

Simultaneous quantification of cefpirome

and cetirizine or levocetirizine in
pharmaceutical formulations and human
plasma by RP-HPLC
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay
for the simultaneous determination and quantification of cefpirome and
cetirizine or cefpirome and levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations and
human plasma without changing the chromatographic conditions is described.
Chromatographic separations were performed on a prepacked Nucleosil 120,
C18 (5 μm, 12.5 ± 0.46 mm) column using CH3CN: H2O (75: 25, v/v) as a mobile
phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min while UV detection was performed at 232 nm
for monitoring the effluent. A number of other brands of C 18 columns were also
employed which had a significant effect on the separation. The method has
been validated over the concentration range of 0.5–50 μg/mL (r 2 > 0.999).
The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for cefpirome and
levocetirzine in pharmaceutical formulations and serum were in the range
0.24–1.31 μg/mL. Analytical recovery from human plasma was >98%, and the
within and between-day relative standard deviation was <3.1%. The small
sample volume and simplicity of preparation make this method suitable for
use in pharmaceutical industries, drug research centers, clinical laboratories,
and forensic medical centers.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S073170850700578X?via%3Dihub
Development and validation of a rapid RP-
HPLC method for the determination of
cetirizine or fexofenadine with
pseudoephedrine in binary pharmaceutical
dosage forms
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to develop a simple, accurate, precise and rapid
reversed-phase HPLC method and subsequent validation using ICH suggested approach
for the determination of antihistaminic-decongestant pharmaceutical dosage forms
containing binary mixtures of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE) with fexofenadine
hydrochloride (FEX) or cetirizine dihydrochloride (CET). The chromatographic
separation of PSE, FEX and CET was achieved on a Zorbax C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm
particle size) column using UV detection at 218 and 222 nm. The optimized mobile
phase was consisted of TEA solution (0.5%, pH 4.5)–methanol–acetonitrile (50:20:30,
v/v/v). The retention times were 1.099, 2.714 and 3.808 min for PSE, FEX and CET,
respectively. The proposed method provided linear responses within the concentration
ranges 30–240 and 1.25–10 μg ml−1 with LOD values of 1.75 and 0.10 μg ml−1 for PSE and
CET, respectively. Linearity range for PSE–FEX binary mixtures were 10–80 and 5–
40 μg ml−1 with LOD values of 0.75 and 0.27 μg ml−1 for PSE and FEX, respectively.
Correlation coefficients (r) of the regression equations were greater than 0.999 in all
cases. The precision of the method was demonstrated using intra- and inter-day assay
R.S.D. values which were less than 1% in all instances. No interference from any
components of pharmaceutical dosage forms or degradation products was observed.
According to the validation results, the proposed method was found to be specific,
accurate, precise and could be applied to the quantitative analysis of these drugs in
capsules containing PSE–CET or extended-release tablets containing PSE–FEX binary
mixtures.

https://www.jfda-online.com/journal/vol18/iss6/12/

Extractive spectrophotometric determination of cetirizine

dihydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical preparations
Abstract
A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method has been described for the assay of cetirizine
dihydrochloride in pure and different pharmaceutical preparations. The method was based on the formation of the
ion-pair complex from the reaction between cetirizine dihydrochloride and methyl orange in pH 4.0, which gave a
yellow color after chloroform extraction and exhibited a maximum absorbance at 424.5 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in
the concentration range of 2.5-20 μg/mL. The method was tested and validated for various parameters according to
ICH guidelines. The detection and quantification limits were 1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method
was successfully applied for the determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. The
results demonstrated that the procedure was accurate, precise and reproducible while statistical analysis of the
obtained results showed no significant difference between the proposed method and reference method. No
interference was observed for common pharmaceutical preparations.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13065-016-0225-5

Rapid micellar HPLC analysis of loratadine

and its major metabolite desloratadine in
nano-concentration range using monolithic
column and fluorometric detection:
application to pharmaceuticals and
biological fluids
A highly-sensitive and time-saving micellar liquid chromatographic method is
developed for the simultaneous determination of loratadine and
desloratadine. The proposed method is the first analytical method for the
determination of this mixture using a monolithic column with a mobile phase
composed of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% n-Butanol and 0.3%
triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid, adjusted to pH 3.5 and pumped at a
flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The eluted analytes are monitored with fluorescence
detection at 440 nm after excitation at 280 nm. The developed method is
linear over the concentration range of 20.0–200.0 ng/mL for both analytes.
The method detection limits are 15.0 and 13.0 ng/mL and the limits of
quantification are 20.0 and 18.0 ng/mL for loratadine and desloratadine,
respectively. Validation of the developed method reveals an accuracy of higher
than 97% and intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations
not exceeding 2%.

Conclusions

The method can be successfully applied to the determination of both analytes

in various matrices including pharmaceutical preparations, human urine,
plasma and breast milk samples with a run-time of less than 5 min and
without prior extraction procedures. The method is ideally suited for use in
quality control laboratories. Moreover, it could be a simple time-saving
alternative to the official pharmacopeial method for testing desloratadine as a
potential impurity in loratadine bulk powder.