MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

GEC 102 BSRT-1A

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UNIT 1 - LESSON 1. PATTERNS IN

NATURE
PATTERNS - regular, repeated, or recurring forms or designs
- Examples: Cycle of Seasons (winter-spring-summer-autumn)

SNOWFLAKES AND HONEYCOMBS

- Honeycomb has a hexagonal form because it is economical: much honey is enclosed by minimum beeswax

LINE OR BILATERAL SYMMETRY

- left and right portions are the same, like our faces

THE SUNFLOWER
- definite pattern of clockwise and counterclockwise arcs or spirals extending outward from the
center of the flower which allows the sunflower seeds to occupy the flower head in a way that
maximizes their access to light and necessary nutrients
- All the sunflowers show several spirals that are within the Fibonacci sequence
THE SNAIL’S SHELL
- Snails are born with their shells, called protoconch
- spiral patterns can be seen in whirlpools and in the shells of snails
- equiangular spiral, follows the rule that as the distance from the spiral center increases (radius), the
amplitudes of the angles formed by the radii to the point and tangent to the point remain constant.
FLOWER PETALS
- different flowers have different number of petals. Take the iris and trillium, for example. Both
flowers have only three petals.

LESSON II: PATTERNS AND NUMBERS

SEQUENCE - ordered list of numbers, called terms, which may have repeated values.
- definite terms - Sets the arrangement of the terms
- “A sequence may be finite or infinite”
THE NUMBER SEQUENCE -happens when a constant number is added, the number to be added increases,
or the number to be added decreases
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE - is an infinite sequence, formed by adding preceding two numbers, beginning with
0 and 1
- named after the Italian mathematician Leonerdo of Pisa, who was better known by
his nickname Fibonacci. Discovered with the help of answering the problem involved having a single
pair of rabbits and then finding out how many pairs of rabbits will be born in a year
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.
GEC 102 BSRT-1A
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- successive Fibonacci numbers approach the number 𝚽 (Phi), also known as Golden
Ratio. This is equal to 1.618.
- Golden Ratio can also be expressed as the ratio between two numbers, if the latter
is also the ratio between the sum and the larger of the two numbers
- “most aesthetically pleasing proportion.”

FINITE SEQUENCE - has a limited number of terms has a definite number of terms
Example: {4,8,12, 16,…, 64} The first of the sequence is 4 and the last term where it ended is 64
INFINITE SEQUENCE - unlimited number of terms, an endless progression of discrete objects, especially
numbers.
Example:

BINET’S FORMULA
- The use of Binet’s formula in finding Fibonacci number

n n
1+ √ 5
) −( √ )
1− 5
(
Fn= 2 2
√5

MATHEMATICS FOR OUR WORLD

- Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world. Mathematics helps predict the
behavior of nature and phenomena in the world, and helps human exert control over occurrences
in the world for the advancement of our civilization.

MATHEMATICS FOR ORGANIZATIONS

- Mathematics help to organized patterns and regularities in the world, as for students, it will
make the students see patterns and learn mathematical concepts more easily

MATHEMATICS FOR PREDICTIONS

- Provide a framework for thinking rationally, that is, in a way that is entirely self-consistent,
about the future.

MATHEMATICS FOR CONTROL

- How to control actions within actions, just like how a painter strokes his brush, man is also able
to exert control over himself and the effects of nature.
Exercise 1
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.
GEC 102 BSRT-1A
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1. ACEGIK
2. CSD, ETF, GUH, IVK, KWL
3. OTTFFSSENTE
4. 27 30 33 36 39 42
5. 41 39 37 35 33 31

Activity (Collaboration) - Describe the pattern of each sequence.

1. 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, . . . increasing for the reason that the number to be added is increasing in
a predictable way

2. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, . . . repeating because a constant number is multiplied

3. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, . . . increasing because the number to be added is increasing in a predictable
way

4. 118, 98, 73, 43, 8, - 32, . . . decreasing for the reason that the number to be added is decreasing in
an expected way.

EXERCISE SET 2:

Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.

a. 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1,024

b. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
The sequence in item is a special sequence called the Fibonacci sequence

EXERCISE SET 3:

Determine the next two terms in the following sequence.

1. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343.
2. 448, 224, 112, 56, 28, 14.
3. 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175.
4. 151, 149, 145, 137, 121, 89.
5. √ 2 ,12+ √ 2 ,24 + √ 2 ,36+ √ 2 , 48+ √2 , 60+ √ 2.

What is the missing number in each of these sequences?

1. 19, 17, 15, 13, . . .
2. 8, 11, 14, 17, . . .
3. 5, 16, 27, 38, . . .
4. 84, 80, 76, 72, . . .
5. 98, 109, 120, 131, . . .
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.
GEC 102 BSRT-1A
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UNIT TEST
I. Answer the following.

1. What is the 9th term of the Fibonacci Sequence? 34

2. What is the 15th term of the Fibonacci Sequence? 610
3. What is the 49th term in the Fibonacci Sequence? 7778742049
4. What is the next three terms in sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, _49_, _64_, _81_.
5. What is the missing number in the sequence 3, 5, 9, _15_, 23, 33

II. 1. Write a short essay about why Mathematics is indispensable.

The Backbone of the World: Mathematics

The previous years of learning mathematics with its various branches from when I was a child till
now entails a story of how progress can be limelight and how the patterns led to my ability to grasp
mathematics right now. As a student, I always get the feeling of excitement and satisfaction when I explore
and learn about huge or small things that make our world work; mathematics is one of them. Reminiscing
about when I first learned to count as one of the silver lining moments of mathematics in my life that I now
tend to use in my daily living. As a grown individual, I understand more clearly that math is everywhere; it
has patterns; it isn't only about finite and infinite numbers. As a result, I never thought about it that way
throughout my youth, and my ongoing learning allowed me to broaden my perspective.

Mathematics is indispensable; it contains diverse perspectives of individuals who use it to function,

which is essential in transforming our lives. Without math, the technological developments we are now
enjoying would not be in our hands. If we look up the simple view of why mathematics plays an essential
role in this world, we can start by saying There would be no calendars or times if numbers did not exist.
Since all your days will be the same, you won't even notice if it's your birthday or your closest friend's. You
wouldn't know what year it is.

Do you enjoy sports? So, without Numbers, how would you know the scores or the size of the
distinct sports field? How would you have learned how far you had run, how much distance you needed to
go, or how much time was remaining in the match? There would be no contests or tournaments. Don't you
think it'd grow tiresome after a while?

Moreover, there wouldn't be any buildings, such as malls, schools, hospitals, and even infrastructures
like highways, streets, roads, bridges, mass transit, airports, and airways. Life without mathematics is
impossible and unimaginable. It is a subject that is usable in all fields and professions. It explains how things
function and lets us foresee certain events, which is how we have advanced thus far in life. It has simplified
and facilitated our lives. If it weren't for mathematics, we would still be figuring out everything in life,
which would lead to chaos.

III. Write a synthesis paper focusing on one of the following aspects of mathematics.

a. Mathematics helps to organize patterns and irregularities in the world.

b. Mathematics helps to predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world.
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.
GEC 102 BSRT-1A
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c. Mathematics helps to control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends.
Mathematics Helps to Predict the Behavior of Nature and
Phenomena in the World.
SYNTHESIS

In this world full of uncertainty and danger, it is beautiful to be able to glimpse into what can happen
in the future. Even though uncertainty is an inherent part of the human experience, humans have discovered,
learned, and applied mathematics to accurately anticipate the behavior of nature and events that occur
around us. It is advantageous to avoid and prepare than face significant challenges in a single phrase frame
while being unprepared and ill-equipped. Mathematics has shown prowess by helping us prepare against
different calamities. Our country, especially the Philippines, is one of the world's most disaster-prone
nations. Its archipelago is often damaged by floods, typhoons, landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic
eruptions since they are located near the boundary of major tectonic plates and in the middle of a typhoon
belt. These disasters happen in the whole wide world as well. Nevertheless, in combination with
technological devices and detailed observations, mathematics is a good strategy. It is an extensively used
language for comprehending various natural events to notify people ahead of time.

Using satellites and aircraft to detect and forecast typhoons that might cause floods gives continuous
projections of the Earth's surface in visible light and infrared wavelengths. The latter is crucial in following
the stages of tropical cyclone formation. Satellite photos indicate a storm's location and may also be used to
determine its strength since cloud patterns are associated with wind speeds. Although satellite photos give
broad information on the site and intensity of tropical cyclones, precise information on the strength and
structure of a storm must be collected directly utilizing airplanes. This information is critical in sending the
most accurate alerts as quickly as feasible (Zehnder, 2020).

Even if an earthquake is unanticipated, seismometers allow us to detect and analyze earthquakes by

translating seismic wave vibrations into electrical impulses, which we may show on a computer screen as
seismograms. Seismologists study earthquakes and can use this information to calculate the location and
magnitude of an earthquake. Safety precautions and using appropriate quality structures to build with the aid
of mathematical computation for improved precision in building location may reduce the dangers of an
earthquake and prevent significant seismic consequences. This has the potential to save both lives and costs.
Scientists can only determine the likelihood of a large earthquake occurring in a specific location (as shown
on our hazard mapping) within a set of years (UKRI, 2022).

To observe volcanoes, including seismographic detection of earthquakes and tremors that virtually
invariably precede eruptions, accurate measures of ground deformation that frequently occurs with magma
rise, changes in volcanic gas emissions, and changes in gravity and magnetic fields. Even though these tools
are not diagnostic on their own, they have resulted in good forecasts when applied together at well-
monitored volcanoes. A good forecast at the Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines in 1991 saved thousands of
lives. The key to a practical short-term eruption forecast, according to the USGS Volcano Hazards Program,
is being able to discern when such monitored data reveal persistent shifts from typical background levels of
activity (Venzke, 2022).

To sum it all up, these natural hazards and catastrophes that are part of nature's behavior and
occurrences around the globe can be entrusted with the knowledge of those who excel in forecasting via the
application of technology developments fueled by mathematics. Mathematics is undoubtedly inevitable in
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.
GEC 102 BSRT-1A
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this world and will always be essential in everyday life as it paves magnificent methods to develop better
and defend the life we have.

UNIT 2 - LESSON 1 LANGUAGE OF

MATHEMATICS
LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS - Like any language, mathematics has its own symbols, syntax and rules.
A. Characteristics of language of mathematics.

 Precise
- Be able to make very fine distinction.
 Concise
- Use symbols to be able to express more.
 Powerful
- be able to express complex thoughts with relative ease.