MMW Practice Sets

Practice
Sets
for the
Mathematics in the
Modern World
Melvin B. Manayon
PREFACE
The practical approach of understanding mathematics can be easily grasped

through regular exercise. Learning mathematics through daily practice is one of
the best suggested techniques in enhancing problem-solving strategies and skills.
This practice set is specifically designed to supplement students’ learning during

classroom discussions and apply mathematics in the modern world context. The
contents of this practice set are aligned with the textbook used in the lecture for
learners’ easy referencing and smooth journey in studying mathematics.
Bertrand Russell once said, “Mathematics, when rightly viewed, possesses not only
truth, but supreme beauty”. At the end of the term, students will be able to
appreciate the true beauty and science of mathematics; not just a course, but a
way of life.
MBM
Table of Contents
Contents
Page
The Nature of Mathematics

Mathematics in Our World 1
Mathematical Language and Symbols 9
Problem Solving and Reasoning 15
Mathematics as a Tool (Part 1)

Data Management 30
Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)

Geometric Designs 43
Linear Programming (for CEE, CCE, & CAFAE) 50
The Mathematics of Finance (for CBAE, CHE, & CAE) 58
Apportionment and Voting (for CASE, CTE, CHSE & CCJE) 80
Mathematical Systems 89
The Mathematics of Graphs (for CEE, CCE, & CAFAE) 101
Codes (for CBAE, CHE, & CAE) 118
Logic (for CASE, CTE, CHSE & CCJE) 123
References 143
Mathematics in the Modern World

PRACTICE SET 1
MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD
SCORE
Name : Date :
College/Program : Time / Schedule :
Essay Writing.
1. What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?
2. What is most useful about mathematics for humankind?
Mathematics in the Modern World Page 1

Practice Set 1 – Mathematics in Our World The Nature of Mathematics
3. The Blind Men and the Elephant is a famous Indian fable that tells the story of six blind
sojourners that come across different parts of an elephant in their life journeys. In turn, each
blind man creates his own version of reality from that limited experience and perspective.
How you relate this story in the study of mathematics?

Fibonacci numbers occur in the sequence

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, . . .
This sequence begins with the numbers 1 and 1 again, and each next number is obtained by adding the two
preceding numbers together.
4. Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male and one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to
mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of
rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits never die and that the female always produces one new pair (one male,
one female) every month from the second month on. How many pairs will there be in one year?
5. Henry Dudeny, an English puzzle book author in the early 1900s, came up with the following simplified
version of Fibonacci’s logic:
If a cow produces its first female calf at age two years and produces another female calf every year
after that, how many female calves are there after five years if we start with one newborn female calf
and no calves die?

6. There are two types of female honeybees: workers, which produce no eggs, and the queen, which
produces eggs. Drone bees are males that are produced from the queen’s unfertilized eggs. A drone’s
mother is the queen that laid the egg. But a drone has no father, because the egg was never fertilized.
Worker females and queen females are produced from the queen’s fertilized eggs. So each type of
female has a father as well as a mother, because the female eggs were fertilized.
Describe how the numbers of ancestors of a drone honeybee are Fibonacci numbers.
7. Binet’s Formula states that the nth Fibonacci number is

1  1 + 5   1 − 5  
n n
  −  
5  2   2  
 
th th
(a) Use Binet’s Formula to find the 29 and 30 Fibonacci numbers.
(b) Use the results of part (a) to find the 31st Fibonacci number.

The golden ratio 1.618034 is also called the golden section or the golden mean or just the golden number.
1+ 5
It is often represented by a Greek letter phi (ϕ) where φ = .
2
8. The 15th and 16th Fibonacci numbers are 610 and 987, respectively. Divide the larger of these numbers
by the smaller. What do you observe?
9. The picture below is the façade of the Parthenon, a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece,
dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction
began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. Today's claim is that the
facade of the Parthenon fits in a golden rectangle. Study carefully the picture and prove the claim by
describing how the golden ratio was applied?

10. The British Independent Movie Critics hailed Liza Soberano the Most Beautiful Face of 2017. Examine
her picture below and determine how many golden ratios do you think might appear in her beautiful
face?
11. The spiraling shapes in cauliflower, artichoke, and sunflower florets share a remarkable feature: The
numbers of clockwise and counterclockwise spirals are consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Determine the
number of clockwise and counterclockwise spirals of the sunflower florets below.

12. In the Fibonacci Sequence:

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, …
which of these numbers are divisible by 2?
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, …
The answer is every third number, and 2 is the third Fibonacci number.
How about the ones divisible by 3?
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, …
The answer is every fourth number, and 3 is the fourth Fibonacci number.
Could these be just a coincidence? Examine if this pattern goes on forever.
13. The golden triangle, sometimes also called the sublime triangle, is an isosceles triangle such
that the ratio of the hypotenuse a to base b is equal to the golden ratio, a/b = ϕ. What is the
measure of the vertex angle of the triangle?

14. The term phyllotaxis means "leaf arrangement" in Greek and was coined in 1754 by Charles Bonnet, a
Swiss naturalist. In the 1830s, a pair of scientist brothers found that each new leaf on a plant stem is
positioned at a certain angle to the previous one and that this angle is constant between leaves. That is,
if you look down from above on the plant and measure the angle formed between a line drawn from the
stem to the leaf and a corresponding line for the next leaf, you will find that there is generally a fixed
angle, called the divergence angle. What is the measurement of this angle?
15. Each scale on the pineapple is a hexagon and is part of three different spirals along the rind. In the
image below, these spirals are the gently-sloping spirals (left), steeper spirals (middle), and very steep
spirals. All of these are Fibonacci numbers of increasing steepness on their surface. Determine the
number of each of these spirals.

PRACTICE SET 2
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS
SCORE
Name : Date :
In English, nouns are used to name things we want to talk about (like people, places, and things); whereas
sentences are used to state complete thoughts. The mathematical analogue of a `noun' will be called an
expression. Thus, an expression is a name given to a mathematical object of interest. The mathematical
analogue of a `sentence' will also be called a sentence. A mathematical sentence, just as an English
sentence, must state a complete thought.
A. If possible, classify the entries in the list below as:

• an English noun, or a mathematical expression
• an English sentence, or a mathematical sentence
In each sentence (English or mathematical), circle the verb.
How to read Classification
1. dog
2. 125
3. The word ‘cat’ begins with letter ‘K’.
4. 3 + 5 = 8
5. 120 – 27
6. The car is black.
7. 12 ∙ 12 = 24
8. x – 1 = 0
9. y + 4
10. This sentence is false.
11. a + 6 = 6 + a
12. bat cat dat
13. 1,000,000
14. 10x (x + 1)
15. The square root of four is two.

Practice Set 2 – Mathematical Language and Symbols The Nature of Mathematics
B. Translate each of the following phrases into a mathematical expression. Use as few variables as
possible.
1. The sum of a number and 10
2. The product of two prime numbers
3. The ratio of –1 and a number
4. Three-fourths times the sum of two numbers
5. Thrice a number
6. Four less than a number
7. A number, less 8
8. There are twice as many boys as there are girls
9. The area of a rectangle whose length is twice its width
10. The cube of a number
C. Write each mathematical expression/sentence into its equivalent English expression/sentence.
1. 7x2
2. 1/5 (100) = 20
3. 3x – 4
4. 2x + 12 = 3
5. (5 + x)2
6. a3 + b3
7. 25
8. 10 – 3 + 4 = 11
9. (4x)5
10. 2x2 + x – 1 = 0

D. Choose a quantity to be represented by a variable, then write a mathematical expression for each. Do
not solve.
1. Angelo’s age in 5 years
2. A three-digit number whose hundreds digit is half the tens digit and the tens digit is 2 more than
the units digit
3. The total interest earned after one year when Php 100 000 is invested, part of 6% annual interest
rate and the remaining part at 7.5% annual interest rate
4. The distance travelled by a man driving at the rate of 60 kph
5. The total distance travelled by a boat 1 hour upstream and 30 minutes downstream in which the
rate of current is 3 kph
6. The fraction of work done by a man who can finish a job in 2 hours
7. The percentage of alcohol in a mixture of 3/4 liter of pure water and x liters of 8% alcohol
solution
8. The age of a woman 15 years ago
9. The perimeter of a rectangle whose length is twice the width

10. The sum of three consecutive even integers
11. A three-digit number whose hundreds digit is twice the tens digit and the tens digit is 3 more that
the units digit
12. The total peso value of 20 coins consisting of P5-coins and P10-coins
13. The total distance travelled by a boat 30 minutes upstream and 25 minutes downstream in which
then rate of the current is 2 kph
14. The fraction of work done by a man who can finish a job in 3 hours and 20 minutes
15. The percentage of alcohol in a mixture formed by combining 1 liter of pure water and x liters of
40% alcohol solution

E. State whether or not the following are statements. In the case of a statement, indicate if it is true or
false.
1. All perfect squares are even numbers.
2. Every decimal number is a rational number.

100
3. The summation  i.
i =1
4. Either x is divisible by 3 or it is not.
5. The sum of two real numbers is a real number.
6. If 2x + 7 = x, then x = –7.
7. 12e t
8. { x : x ∈ ℕ}
9. The function F
10. The sine function is an odd function.
11. For all x > 0, |x| = x

x +1
12.
x2
13. The gcd (1, 2) is 2.
14. x2 + 2x + 1 = 0.
15. All squares are rectangles.
16. The square root of two is four.
17. 5 ∙ 4 + 3 = 35
18. a + b (c – d) = a + bc + a– bd
19. 3 divides 5
20. Two is the only even number that is prime.

F. Complete the table below.
Symbol Say Means Example

Example:
% Percent Represents a quantity out of 100 32/100 = 32%
1. f(x)
2. loga x
3. y
4. x − y
5. P(x, y)
6. a|b
7. a ∙ b
8. x2
9. R
10. a > b
11. a ∈ ℕ
12. ln x
13. x : y
14. x ÷ y
a
15.
b

PRACTICE SET 3
PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING
SCORE
Name : Date :
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is the process of observing, recognizing patterns and making conjectures about the
observed patterns. The conclusion you draw from inductive reasoning is called the conjecture. When making
a conjecture, it is possible to make a statement that is not always true. Any statement that disproves a
conjecture is a counterexample.
Deductive reasoning is the process of reasoning logically from given statements to make a conclusion.
A. Read the following arguments and determine whether the inductive or deductive reasoning is used.
Type of Reasoning
1. All students go to school. You are a student. Therefore you go to school.

2. Since it rained every New Year’s Day for the fast four years it will rain on
New Year’s Day this year.
3. A child examines ten roses, all of which are red, and concludes that all
tulips must be red.
4. If an isosceles triangle has at least two sides congruent, then an equilateral
triangle is also isosceles.
5. John earned perfect score on her first six mathematics tests so he
concludes that she will always earn perfect score on mathematics tests.
6. If 5x = 25, then x = 5.
7. If you brush your teeth daily then you will have fewer cavities. Marie
brushes her teeth daily. Thus, she will have fewer cavities.
8. No man has ever gotten pregnant. Thus no man ever will get pregnant.
9. It has been observed that earthquakes precede the eruption of volcanoes,
Thus earthquakes cause volcanoes to erupt.
10. Rufus and Rose came back from the beach with sunburns. It must have
been a sunny day at the beach.
11. Since today is Friday, tomorrow will be Saturday.

12. Generally, when food consumed contains more calories than needed, the
excess calories are stored as fat. Many teenagers eat far more calorie
foods than their bodies need. Consequently, many teenagers are
overweight.
13. All home improvements cost more than the estimate. The contractor
estimated that my home improvement will cost P50,000. Thus my home
improvement will cost more than P50,000.
14. During the past 10 years, a tree has produced fruits every other year. Last
year the tree did not produce fruits, so this year the tree will produce
fruits.
15. Cacti are plants and all plants perform photosynthesis; therefore, cacti
perform photosynthesis.

Practice Set 3 – Problem Solving and Reasoning The Nature of Mathematics
B. Make a conjecture using inductive reasoning about the given notions.
1. Product of an odd integer and an even integer.
2. Sum of two odd numbers
3. Sum of five consecutive integers
4. Square of an integer
5. Difference between consecutive perfect squares

C. Prove using deductive reasoning the following conjectures. If the conjecture is FALSE, give a
counterexample.
1. Prove that the negative of any even integer is even.
2. Prove that the difference between an even integer and an odd integer is even.
3. Prove that the sum of three consecutive integers is always a multiple of 3.
4. Prove that the difference between the square of any odd integer and the integer itself is always an
even integer.
5. Prove that the sum of a two digit number and its reversal is a multiple of 11.

Polya’s Four-Step Problem-Solving Strategy

One of the foremost recent mathematicians to make a study of problem solving was George Polya (1887-
1985). The basic problem-solving strategy that he advocated consisted of the following four steps:
1. Understand the problem.
2. Devise a plan.
3. Carry out the plan.
4. Review the solution.
D. Solve the following problems applying Polya’s Four-Step Problem-Solving strategy.
1. In an apartment complex, there are 5 windows in each apartment, and 9 apartments in each floor.
How many windows are there on 8 floors?
2. A bus route is 8 kilometers long. The bus does the route 6 times each day. How many miles will the
bus drive in 6 days?
3. How many posts does it take to support a straight fence 200 meters long if a post is placed every 20
meters?
4. How many posts does it take to support a fence around a square field measuring 200 meters on a side
if posts are placed every 20 meters?
5. Chamy and Kleah went to an amusement park. They bought the same number of ride tickets, but
Kleah bought them in packs of 16 , and Chamy bought them in packs of 3. What is the smallest
possible number of tickets they each bought?

6. The Andrews Company would like to donate 20 computers and 15 printers to local schools. The
Company would like to make sure that each school receives the same sets of computers and printers,
with none left over. What is the greatest number of schools that the Andrews Company can donate?
7. Suppose that twenty-five students signed up for classes during an orientation session. If exactly
twenty of them signed up for Chemistry and exactly sixteen of them signed up for English, how many
of them signed up for both Chemistry and English?
8. If six people greet each other at a meeting by shaking hands with one another, how many
handshakes take place?
9. Marco and Enzo both work a night shift. Marco has every sixth night off and Enzo has every fifth
night off. If they have both tonight off, how many nights will it be before they are both off at the same
time?
10. Honey’s Store has a number of bikes and tricycles for sale. There are exactly 60 wheels all together.
Determine how many bikes there are and how many tricycles there are.

11. The number of chickens and goats in a field totals 40. The total number of legs among them is 102.
Assuming that each chicken has exactly two legs and each goat has exactly four legs, determine how
many chickens and how many goats are in the field?
12. Four friends ran a race:

Ben finished seven seconds ahead of Mike.
Noel finished three seconds behind Sam.
Mike finished five seconds behind Noel.
In what order did the friends finish the race.
13. What day of the week was yesterday if five days before the day after tomorrow was
14. Marie has an appointment tomorrow at 8:20 am. She wants to arrive at least ten minutes early. It takes
her one hour to get ready and 50 minutes to drive to the appointment. At what time should Marie plan
to get up?
15. Sara went to a store, spent half of her money, and then spent Php 100 more. She went to a second
store, spent half of her remaining money, and then spent Php 100 more. Then she had no money left.
How much money did she have in the beginning when she went to the first store?

Logic Puzzles
A logic puzzle is a word problem which requires the use of deductive reasoning to solve. Often logic
puzzles include clues to help you find the solution and it is often helpful to use a table to keep track of the
clues.
E. Solve the following logic puzzles.

1. Angelo is having a birthday with 6 of his family members. They are his grandmother, mother, aunt,
brother, father, and uncle. Their names in random order are Ben, Cathy, Danilo, Elena, Felisa, and
Gerald. Look at the clues below to discover the names of Angelo’s family members.
Clues:
1- Ben is not Angelo’s uncle.
2- Angelo’s grandmother’s name starts with E.
3- Gerald is not Angelo’s brother.
4- Cathy is not his aunt.
5- Angelo’s father’s name is Danilo.
2. Alex, Bret, Chris, Derek, Eddie, Fred, Greg, Harold, and John are nine students who live in a three
storey building, with three rooms on each floor. A room is the West wing, one in the center, and one
in the East wing. Each student is assigned exactly one room. Can you find where each of their room
is?
Clues:
1- Harold does not live on the bottom floor.
2- Fred lives directly above John and directly
next to Bret (who lives in the West wing).
3- Eddie lives in the East wing and one floor
higher than Fred.
4- Derek lives directly above Fred.
5- Greg lives directly above Chris.

3. Each of four neighbors, Simon, Marissa, Susan, and Benjie, has a different occupation (editor, banker,
chef, or dentist). From the following clues, determine the occupation of each neighbor.
Clues:
1- Marissa gets home from work after the
banker but before the dentist.
2- Susan, who is the last to get home from work,
is not the editor.
3- The dentist and Susan leave for work at the
same time.
4- The banker lives next door to Benjie.
4. Brenda, Ruben, Tomas, and Alvin were recently elected as the new CSG officers (president, vice
president, secretary, treasurer) of the College of Arts and Sciences Education. From the following
clues, determine which position each holds.
Clues:
1- Alvin is younger than the president but older
than the treasurer.
2- Brenda and the secretary are both the same
age, and they are the youngest members of
the group.
3-Tomas and the secretary are next-door
neighbors.

5. Four HRM students namely: Charles, Debbie, Edgar, and Jeff were winners in Mindanao Culinary
Contest. There was a winner in each of four categories: soup, pastry, salad, and dessert. From the
following clues, determine in which category each student was the winner.
Clues:
1- The soups were judged before Edgar’s
winning entry.
2- This year’s contest was the first for Debbie
and for the winner in the dessert category.
Charles and the winner of the soup category
entered last year’s contest.
3- The winning pastry took 2 hours to cook,
whereas Debbie’s pastry required no cooking
at all.
6. Mary’s mother has four children. The first child is called April; the second is May; and the third is
June. What is the name of the fourth child?

Mathematical Problems Involving Patterns

Recognizing patterns is also an important problem-solving skill. If you see a pattern when you look
systematically at specific examples, you can use that pattern to generalize what you see into a broader
solution to a problem.
F. Use inductive reasoning to predict the next number, letter or symbols in the series. Explain the pattern
generated by your answer.
Explanation
1. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ___
2. 3, 8, 13, 18, ___
3. 10, 11, 13, 16, ___

1 2 3 4 5
4. 2
, 3
, 4
, 5
, 6
, ___
5. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ___
6. 1, 8, 27, 64, ___

3 5 7 9 11
7. 5
, 7
, 9
, 11
, 13
, ___
8. 12, 5, 10, 3, ___ , ___
9. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ___

1 2 1 4
10. 8
, 7
, 2
, 5
, ___
11. SCD, TEF, UGH, ___
12. FAG, GAF, HAI, ___
13. ELFA, GLHA, ILJA, ___
14. CMM, EOO, GQQ, ___
15. ZA5, Y4B, XC6, W3D, ___

16. ⊂∩⊂, ∩∩∩, ⊂∪⊂, ∪ ? ∪
17. △□△, □○□, ○◊○, ◊▭ ?
18. , , ?
19. , , , , ? ?
20. DDⱭⱭ, ⱭDDD, DⱭⱭⱭ, ⱭⱭ ??

G. Solve the following pattern problems.
1. At a birthday party, the first child receives 2 smiley stickers, the second child receives 4 smiley
stickers, the third child receives 8 smiley stickers, the fourth child receives 14 smiley stickers, and the
fifth child receives 22 smiley stickers. If this pattern continues, how many smiley stickers will the
sixth child receive?
2. Vanessa read 1 page on Tuesday, 4 pages on Wednesday, 16 pages on Thursday, and 64 pages on
Friday. If this pattern continues, how many pages will Vanessa read on Saturday?
3. Michael got a new video game. He scored 43 points on the first level, 51 points on the second level, 59
points on the third level, 67 points on the fourth level, and 75 points on the fifth level. If this pattern
continues, how many points will Michael score on the sixth level?
4. Susan is drawing stars in her notebook. She draws 5 stars on the first page, 15 stars on the second
page, 45 stars on the third page, and 135 stars on the fourth page. If this pattern continues, how many
stars will Susan draw on the fifth page?
5. Panaderio Bakery is getting more and more orders for durian pies. The bakers made 6 durian pies in
June, 12 durian pies in July, 18 durian pies in August, and 24 durian pies in September. If this pattern
continues, how many durian pies will the bakery make in October?
6. The teacher's helper was putting cookies onto plates. He put 2 cookies on the first plate, 3 cookies on
the second plate, 5 cookies on the third plate, and 8 cookies on the fourth plate. If this pattern
continues, how many cookies will the helper put on the fifth plate?

7. Oscar is trying to cut down on drinking coffee. His goal is to cut down to 6 cups per week. If he starts
with 24 cups the first week, then cuts down to 21 cups the second week and 18 cups the third week,
how many weeks will it take him to reach his goal??
8. A book has 89 pages, but the page numbers are printed incorrectly. Every third page number has been
omitted, so that the pages are numbered 1,2,4,5,7,8,... and so on. What is the number on the last printed
page?
9. Lola's watch gains 30 minutes every hour, while Lolo's watch loses 30 minutes every hour. At
midnight, they both set their watches to the correct time of 12 o'clock. What is the correct time when
their two watches next agree??
10. Kenneth sent 29 e-mails on Wednesday, 37 e-mails on Thursday, 45 e-mails on Friday, 53 e-mails on
Saturday, and 61 e-mails on Sunday. If this pattern continues, how many e-mails will Kenneth send on
Monday?
11. Ruben decides to prepare for a marathon by running ten minutes a day, six days a week. Each week, he
increases his time running by two minutes per day. How many minutes will he run in week 8?
12. Angela is making a box without a lid. She starts with a 20 in. square piece of cardboard and cuts out
four equal squares from each corner of the cardboard as shown. She then folds the sides of the box and
glues the edges together. How big does she need to cut the corner squares in order to make the box
with the biggest volume?

13. A pattern that repeats every six symbols starts as shown below. What are the 20th and 21st symbols in
the pattern?
14. Each hexagon below is surrounded by 12 dots. Find the number of dots for a pattern with 6 hexagons
in the first column.
15. The diagram below shows a series of squares formed by small square tiles. Find the number of tiles
on the 15th square.

Recreational Problems Using Mathematics

Recreational mathematics is mathematics done for recreation or as a hobby and intended to be fun.
Typically it involves games or puzzles that relate to mathematics and involves general logical and lateral
thinking skills.
G. Solve the following problems.

1. Magic Square. A magic square is an arrangement of numbers in a square such that all rows, all
columns, and both main diagonals sum to the same number, a number referred to as the magic
constant. The square on the right is perhaps the best-known example of a magic square.
Complete the magic square below so that the sum of the verticals, horizontals and diagonals is 15.
2. Tower of Hanoi. The Tower of Hanoi “is a logical puzzle, frequently studied in cognitive psychology
and used as a test of problem-solving ability, consisting of three pegs, on one of which are placed a
number of discs of varying diameter, the largest at the bottom and the smallest at the top.
The problem is to move the tower of discs over to one of the other pegs in the smallest number of
moves, moving one disc at a time and using the third peg as a temporary way station as required, and
never placing a larger disc on top of a smaller one.
How many moves are necessary to place all 6 discs to the third peg?

3. Monty Hall Problem. The Monty Hall problem is named for its similarity to the Let's Make a
Deal television game show hosted by Monty Hall. The problem is stated as follows. Assume that a
room is equipped with three doors. Behind two are goats, and behind the third is a shiny new car.
Suppose you’re on a game show, and you’re given the choice of three doors. You pick a door, say
No. 1, and the host, who knows what’s behind the doors, opens another door, say No. 3, which has a
goat. He then says to you, “Do you want to pick door No. 2?” Is it to your advantage to switch your
choice? Explain your answer.
4. Eight Queens Puzzle. A classic chess-related problem is the Eight Queens problem. The puzzle can be
stated simply: Place 8 Queens on a chessboard such that no two are attacking each other. Remember
that chess Queens move any number of spaces along any row, column, or diagonal. Can you find a
correct solution to the problem?
5. Cryptarithm. A cryptarithm is a type of mathematical puzzle in which most or all of the digits in a
mathematical expression, such as a sum, are substituted by letters or other symbols. In a typical
puzzle, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the numbers and the letters or symbols replacing
them. Solve the following cryptarithm.
R I C H
P O O R
+ H A P P Y
P E O P L E

PRACTICE SET 4
DATA MANAGEMENT
SCORE
Name : Date :
Organization and Interpretation of Data

Data that are collected must be organized and presented effectively for analysis and
interpretation. It can be presented in textual, tabular, or graphical.
A. Analyze and interpret the following data set.

1. Twenty-five army inductees were given a blood test to determine their blood type. The data set is
A B AB AB O
O O B AB B
B AB O A O
A O O O AB
AB A O B A
Construct a frequency distribution for the data.
2. To study the library habits of students at a local college, thirty randomly selected students were
surveyed to determine the number of times they had been to the library during the last week. The
following results were obtained:
1 5 2 1 1 4 2 1 5 4
5 2 5 1 2 3 4 1 1 2
3 5 4 1 2 2 4 5 1 2
Organize the data by creating the frequency distribution and construct a pie chart to represent the
data.

Practice Set 4 – Data Management Mathematics as a Tool (Part 1)
3. Table below shows the population in Davao Region based on 2000, 2010 and 2015 censuses. Construct
a bar graph and compare the population in three census years.
Population
Census year
(in millions)
2000 3.68
2010 4.47
2015 4.89
4. Below is the 2016 distribution of the Philippines’ overseas contract workers according to age group.
Represent the data in pie chart and make an interpretation.
Age group Percent

15 – 24 6.90
25 – 29 21.70
30 – 34 22.30
35 – 39 19.1
40 – 44 11.6
45 & over 18.5

Measures of Central Tendency

A measure of central tendency (also referred to as measures of centre or central location) is a summary
measure that attempts to describe a whole set of data with a single value that represents the middle or centre
of its distribution.
There are three main measures of central tendency: the mode, the median and the mean. Each of these
measures describes a different indication of the typical or central value in the distribution.
B. Solve the following problems.

1. A small company of the manager, the administrative assistant, the salesperson, and two technicians
whose monthly salaries are listed below. Assume that this is the entire population, compute the
mean, the median, and the mode. Which of these measures would best represents the salary of
workers?
Staff Salary
Manager Php 50,000.00
Administrative Asst 20,000.00
Salesperson 12,000.00
Technician 9,000.00
Technician 9,000.00
2. A salesperson records the following daily expenditures (in Php) during a 10-day trip.
185.34 234.55 211.86 147.65 205.60

216.74 1345.75 184.16 320.45 88.12
In your opinion, does the mean or the median of the expenditures best represent the salesperson’s
average daily expenditure? Explain your reasoning.

3. The mean salary of ten employees is Php 32,000, and the median is Php 30,000. The highest-paid
employee gets a Php 5,000 raise.
a. What is the new mean salary of the ten employees?
b. What is the new median salary of the ten employees?
4. Suppose the mean of Group I is A and the mean of Group II is B. We combine Groups I and II to
A+ B
form Group III. Is the mean of Group III equal to ? Explain.
2
5. A professor grades students on 5 tests, a project, and a final examination. Each test counts as 10% of
the course grade. The project counts as 20% of the course grade. The final examination counts as
30% of the course grade. Vanessa has test scores of 70, 65, 82, 94, and 85. Vanessa’s project score is
92. Her final examination score is 80. Use the weighted mean formula to find Vanessa’s average for
the course.
6. Find eight numbers such that the mean, the median, and the mode of the numbers are all 45, and no
more than two of the numbers are the same.
7. Twelve major earthquakes had Richter magnitudes shown below.
7.0 6.2 7.7 8.0 6.4 6.2

7.2 5.4 6.4 6.5 7.2 5.4
Which would you consider the best measure of average?
8. Pick six numbers and compute the mean and the median of the numbers.
a. Now add 12 to each of your original numbers and compute the mean and the median for this new
set of numbers.
b. How does the mean of the new set of data compare with the mean of the original set of data?
c. How does the median of the new set of data compare with the median of the original set of data?
9. Consider the following data on the test scores for two students.
Math and Stat

Mathematics Statistics
combined
Gabriel 84, 65, 70, 90, 99, 84 89, 75, 85 Average: ?
Michael 66, 84, 75, 77, 94, 96, 81 72, 78, 98, 81, 68, 92, 88, 86 Average: ?
Is this an example of Simpson’s paradox? Explain.
10. Raphael’s grades in his statistics classes are as follows: Quizzes: 62, 88, 82 Laboratories: 89, 96
Examinations: 87, 99
a. In this class, quizzes count once, laboratories count twice as much as a quiz, and examinations
count three times as much as a quiz. Determine the mode, mean and median.
b. If Raphael’s quiz grade of 62 was removed from the data, briefly describe the anticipated effect on
the statistics you calculated in part (a).

Measures of Dispersion
The measure of dispersion (also called variability or variation) is the extent to which a distribution is
stretched or squeezed or scattered. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the range,
variance, and standard deviation.
C. Solve the following problems.

1. The Ironman 70.3 Asia-Pacific 2017 Championship result is shown on table below. Compute the
range and standard deviation of the top 10 fastest time.
Athlete Time
Reed, Tim 3:54:07
Mendez, Mauricio 3:56:46
Fisher, Ryan 4:00:20
Berkel, Tim 4:02:31
Mcmahon, Brent 4:05:24
Millward, Callum 4:10:20
Williams, Brad 4:19:55
Watson, Eric 4:23:30
Cosulich, Timothy 4:26:54
Watkinson, Amelia 4:29:17
2. Melvin surveyed the price of unleaded gasoline at gas stations in Davao city and Tagum City. The
raw data, in pesos per liter, are given below.
a. Find the standard deviation of prices in each city.
b. Which city has more consistently priced gasoline? Why?
Davao City 45.90 48.75 48.90 49.01 45.00 47.90

Tagum City 46.20 47.95 48.95 45.52 46.83 47.98

3. Some studies show that the mean normal human body temperature is actually somewhat lower than
the commonly given value of 37°C. This is reflected in the following data set of body temperatures.
Body temperatures (°C) of 30 healthy adults are recorded as follows:
36.1 37.2 37.0 37.3 36.9 36.5 37.8 35.9 36.3 37.2
37.0 37.2 36.8 37.5 37.3 36.7 36.8 37.7 37.2 36.5
36.1 36.5 36.7 37.1 37.2 36.6 36.4 36.6 36.7 37.8
a. Find the mean and sample standard deviation of the body temperatures.
b. Are there any temperatures in the data set that do not lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean?
If so, list them.
4. A mountain climber plans to buy some rope to use as a lifeline. Which of the following would be the
better choice? Explain why you think your choice is the better choice.
Rope A: Mean breaking strength: 500 lb; standard deviation of 100 lb

Rope B: Mean breaking strength: 500 lb; standard deviation of 10 lb
5. The average number of days construction workers miss per year is 11 with a standard deviation of
2.3. The average number of days factory workers miss per year is 8 with a standard deviation of 1.8.
Which class is more variable in terms of days missed?

Measures of Position
The measure of position is the position of a value, relative to other values in a set of data. The most
common measures of position are percentiles, quartiles, and standard scores (aka, z-scores).
D. Solve the following problems.

1. A national secondary achievement test is administered annually to high school students. The test has
a mean score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. If Peter’s z-score is 1.20, what was her score on
the test?
2. On a reading test, Amelia’s score of 455 was higher than the scores of 4256 of the 7210 students
who took the test. Find the percentile, rounded to the nearest percent, for Amelia’s score.
3. A survey was given to 18 employees. One question asked about the one-way distance the employee
had to travel for work. The results, in kilometers, are shown below. Use the median procedure for
finding quartiles to find the first, second, and third quartiles for the data.
Kilometers Traveled for Work

12 10 18 3 4 28 5 32 26
10 41 85 1 7 8 5 10 15
4. Sarah has taken two examinations in her statistics class. She scored 35 on the first exam, for which
the mean of all scores was 32 and the standard deviation was 5.4. Her score on the second exam, for
which the mean of all scores was 28 and the standard deviation was 4.0, was 34. In comparison to
her classmates, did Sarah do better on the first exam or the second exam?
5. A random sample of 80 tires showed that the mean mileage per tire was 41,700 mi, with a standard
deviation of 4300 mi.
a. Determine the z-score, to the nearest hundredth, for a tire that provided 46,300 mi of wear.
b. The z-score for one tire was -2.44. What mileage did this tire provide? Round your result to the
nearest hundred miles.

Normal Distribution
The normal distribution is the probability distribution that plots all of its values in a symmetrical fashion,
and most of the results are situated around the probability's mean. Values are equally likely to plot either
above or below the mean. Grouping takes place at values close to the mean and then tails off symmetrically
away from the mean.
E. Solve the following problems.

1. The length of human pregnancies from conception to birth varies according to a distribution that is
approximately normal, with a mean of 266 days and a standard deviation of 16 days.
Draw a normal curve for this distribution on which the mean and standard deviation are correctly
located.
2. The concentration of the active ingredient in capsules of a prescription painkiller varies according to
a normal distribution with μ = 10% and σ = 0.2%.
a. What is the median concentration? Explain your answer.
b. What interval of concentrations covers the middle 95 percent of all the capsules?
c. What interval covers the middle half of all capsules?
3. A soft drink vending machine dispenses soda into 12-ounce cups. Tests show that the actual amount
of soda dispensed is normally distributed, with a mean of 11.5 oz and a standard deviation of 0.2 oz.
a. What percent of cups will receive less than 11.25 oz of soda?
b. What percent of cups will receive between 11.2 oz and 11.55 oz of soda?
c. If a cup is chosen at random, what is the probability that the machine will overflow the cup?

4. The Bell company manufactures laptop computers. A study indicates that the life spans of their
computers are normally distributed, with a mean of 4.0 years and a standard deviation of 1.2 years.
How long should the company warrant its computers if the company wishes less than 4% of its
computers to fail during the warranty period?
5. A professor finds that the grades in a large class are normally distributed. The mean of the grades is
64, and the standard deviation is 10. If the professor decides to give an A grade to the students in the
top 9% of the class, what is the cut-off score for an A?
6. A survey of 1000 men ages 20 to 30 found that their heights were normally distributed, with a mean
of 65 in. and a standard deviation of 2.5 in.
a. How many of the men have a height that is within 1 standard deviation of the mean?
b. How many of the men have a height that is between 60 in. and 70 in?
7. The City Transport and Traffic Management Office (CTTMO) study of 8000 vehicles that passed the
diversion highway found that their speeds were normally distributed, with a mean of 61 mph and a
standard deviation of 7 mph.
a. How many of the vehicles had a speed of more than 68 mph?
b. How many of the vehicles had a speed of less than 40 mph?

8. The time it takes an acrylic paint to dry is normally distributed. If the mean is 2 hours 36 minutes
with a standard deviation of 24 minutes, find the probability that the drying time will be as follows.
a. less than 2 hours 15 minutes
b. between 2 and 3 hours
9. The results of a mock board exam for assessing the mathematics skills of realtors were normally
distributed with a mean score of 72 and a standard deviation of 12. The realtors who scored in the
top 10% are to receive a special certificate, while those in the bottom 20% will be required to attend
a remedial workshop.
a. What score does a realtor need in order to receive a certificate?
b. What score will dictate that the realtor attend the workshop?
10. Suppose you are working with a data set that is normally distributed, with a mean of 200 and a
standard deviation of 47. Determine the value of x from the following information.
a. 60% of the values are greater than x.
b. x is less than 17% of the values.
c. 22% of the values are less than x.
d. x is greater than 55% of the values.

Correlation and Linear Regression
F. Solve the following problems.

1. The amount of water discharged by the Davao River has changed over time in roughly a straight-line
pattern. A regression line for predicting water discharged (in cubic kilometers) during a given year is
predicted discharge = -7792 + (4.226 x year)
How much (on average) does the volume of water increase with each passing year?
2. The number of faculty and the number of students are shown for a random selection of small
colleges in Davao City. Is there a significant relationship between the two variables? Switch x and y
and repeat the process. Which do you think is really the independent variable?
Faculty 99 110 113 116 138 174 220

Students 1353 1290 1091 1213 1384 1283 2075

3. An architect wants to determine the relationship between the heights (in feet) of a building and the
number of stories in the building. The data for a sample of 10 buildings are shown below. Explain
the relationship.
Stories 64 54 40 31 45 38 42 41 37 40
Height 841 725 635 616 615 582 535 520 511 485
4. A Zumba instructor remembers the data given in the following table, which shows the recommended
maximum exercise heart rates for individuals of the given ages.
Age (x years) 20 40 60
Maximum heart rate 170 153 136
(y beats per minute)
a. Find the linear correlation coefficient for the data.

b. What is the significance of the value found in part a?
c. Find the equation of the least-squares line.
d. Use the equation from part c to predict the maximum exercise heart rate for a person who is 72.
e. Is the procedure in part d an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

PRACTICE SET 5
GEOMETRIC DESIGNS
SCORE
Name : Date :
Geometric Shapes
A polygon is a two-dimensional shape with straight sides. It can be classified according to
number of its sides.
A solid or form is the geometry of three-dimensional space, the kind of space we live in. It is
called three-dimensional or 3D because there are three dimensions: width, depth and height.
A. Name each of the following polygons and identify the type of each accordingly.
Sum of Type
Shape Name internal Simple/ Convex/ Regular/
angles Complex Concave Irregular
1.
square 360º simple convex regular
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Practice Set 5 – Geometric Designs Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
B. Name the solid and classify each as polyhedron or non-polyhedron

1. Sample 2. 3.
Sphere (non-polyhedron) __________________ __________________
4. 5. 6.
__________________ __________________ __________________
7. 8. 9.
__________________ __________________ __________________
10. 11. 12.
__________________ __________________ __________________
13. 14. 15.
__________________ __________________ __________________

Transformation
Geometric transformation of shapes is a change of its size, orientation or position following
certain techniques in mathematics. The original shape is called the object and the new shape is called
its image. Some types of transformations include:
• Translation – the object is slide in any direction.
• Reflection – the object is flipped over a line.
• Rotation – the object is rotated a certain degree about a point.
• Glide Reflection – a composition of translation and reflection in a line parallel to the direction of
translation.
• Dilation – the object is enlarged or reduced.
C. Identify the following transformations (shaded shape is the object).

1. 2.
________________________________ ________________________________
3. 4.
________________________________ ________________________________
5. 6.
________________________________ ________________________________
7. 8.
________________________________ ________________________________

Patterns and Diagrams

Reflection symmetry - if a figure can be reflected over a line in such a way that the resulting
image coincides with the original. Reflection symmetry is also called bilateral symmetry. The
reflection line is called the line of symmetry.
Rotational symmetry - if a figure can be rotated about a point in such a way that its rotated
image coincides with the original figure.
D. Determine the symmetry group in the following figures. For cyclic group (Cn), determine the order of
rotation; and for dihedral groups (Dn), determine the number of reflection lines.
1. 2. 3.
__________________ __________________ __________________
4. 5. 6.
__________________ __________________ __________________
7. 8. 9.
__________________ __________________ __________________
10. 11. 12.
__________________ __________________ __________________
13. 14. 15.
__________________ __________________ __________________


An infinite strip with a repeating pattern is called a frieze pattern, or sometimes a border
pattern or an infinite strip pattern. The term "frieze" is from architecture, where a frieze refers to a
decorative carving or pattern that runs horizontally just below a roofline or ceiling.
E. Using the International Union of Crystallography (IUC) notation, identify the names of
symmetry groups in the following frieze patterns.
1.
______________________________
2.
______________________________
3.
______________________________
4.
______________________________
5.
______________________________


A tessellation is defined as a pattern of shapes that covers a plane without any gaps or
overlaps. Tessellations can be found on pavements, patios and wallpapers. Tiled surface of flooring
and walls is an example of tessellation where there are no tiles which overlap and there are no gaps
between shapes.
F. Name the following tessellations.
1. 2.
__________________ __________________
3. 4.
__________________ __________________
5. 6.
__________________ __________________
7. 8.
__________________ __________________
9. 10.
__________________ __________________

Mindanao Designs, Arts and Culture
G. Create a fabric design inspired by the Mindanaoan indigenous culture and arts with an application of
mathematical concepts. Make a short description of your design.

PRACTICE SET 6
LINEAR PROGRAMMING (for CCE, CEE & CAFAE)
SCORE
Name : Date :
`Linear Inequalities
A. Solve the following linear inequalities and draw the sketch of the graph of the solution set.
1. 3x + 1 > 5
2. 12 x − 3 < 5 x − 1
3. 12 − 25 x > 5 x + 72
4. 15 ≤ x + 5 < 35
2x 1
5. − <0
3 2

Practice Set 6 – Linear Programming (for CCE, CEE & CAFAE) Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
B. Solve the following linear inequalities in two variables and draw the sketch of the graph of the solution
set.
1. 4 x + 3 y ≤ 24
2. 2 x − 3 y > 12
3. y ≥ x −1
4. x1 + x2 ≥ 9
5. 3x1 − 5x2 ≤ 2

C. Solve the following systems of linear inequalities and draw the sketch of the graph of the solution set.
1. x+ y≥9
x− y≥4
2. 3x − 5 y ≤ 2
8 x + 15 y ≤ 9
3. 4 x + 3 y ≥ 24
x+ y≤8
4. 5 x1 + 4 x2 ≤ 40
x1 + 2 x2 ≤ 14
5. x1 + x2 ≥ 10
4 x1 + x2 ≥ 32

D. Solve the following linear programming problems graphically.
1. Ruben intends to invest an amount of Php 50,000 in either a trust fund or a time deposit or both
ventures. The trust fund pays 8% per annum while the time deposit pays 9% per annum. Because the
trust fund is riskier than the time deposit, he does not want to have some money readily available if
needed, so he intends to put at least Php 10,000 in time deposit and Php 30,000 in trust fund. How
much should he allot to each investment to maximize his returns?
2. MMW company manufactures two alloy products: round bar and flat disk. Each unit of round bar
contains 2 kilograms of aluminum and 1 kilogram of steel. Each unit of flat disk contains 14
kilograms of aluminum and 2 kilograms of steel. MMW company has an available supply of 70
kilograms of aluminum and 20 kilograms of steel. MMW company makes a profit of Php 20.00 on
each unit of round bar and Php 50.00 on each unit of flat disk. Determine the number of units of round
bar and flat disk it must manufacture in order to maximize its profit.

3. Katya Publishing company is planning to bind a mathematics book in two different bindings:
paperback and hardcover. Each book goes to two processes, sewing and gluing. The following table
give information on this problem:
Paperback Gluing
Sewing time 3 minutes 3 minutes
Gluing time 5 minutes 10 minutes
Profit/book Php 10.00 Php 15.00
How many books of each binding should Katya Publishing make to maximize profit if each day the
available sewing time is 6 hours and the available gluing time is 10 hours?
4. San Gabriel corporation produces both soda and juice drinks. A case of soda requires 2 pounds of malt
and 3 pounds of sugar while a case of juice requires 1 pound of malt and 4 pounds of sugar. During a
given week, San Gabriel Corp has 160 pounds of malt and 340 pounds of sugar available. It the profit
for each soda and juice is Php 30 per case, how many cases of soda and juice drinks should the
company produce each week?

5. A diabetic patient needs at least 40 units of Vitamin A, at least 30 units of Vitamin C and at least 30
units of Vitamin E each day. Each brand X multivitamin capsule contains 4 units of A, 6 units of C
and 2 units of E; each brand Y capsule contains 5 units of A, 3 units of C and 5 units of E. If each
brand X capsule costs Php 6.00 and each brand Y costs Php 9.00, how many capsules should the
patient take each day to minimize the cost?
6. ROA Agri Feeds Corporation produces specially blended feed supplements. It has an order of
400 kilograms of the mixture. This consists of two ingredients: a source of protein and a
source of carbohydrates. The first ingredient costs P6.00 a kg. The second ingredient costs
P16.00 a kg. The mixture cannot be more than 150 kilograms and it must have at least 200
kilograms of second ingredient. The company’s problem is to determine how much of each
ingredient to use to minimize cost but satisfy the requirements.

E. Use simplex method to solve the following linear programming problems.
1. Four foods A, B, C and D are to be produced. A contains 2 calories, no vitamin and costs P40 per unit.
B contains no calorie, 2 units of vitamins and costs P 100. C contains 1 unit calorie, 2 units of
vitamins and costs P 150 per unit. The minimum calorie requirement is 15 units and the minimum
vitamin requirement is 8 units. How much of each food should be produced to satisfy these
requirements and to minimize the total cost?
2. A company that operates 10 hours a day manufactures two products on three sequential processes. The
following table summarizes the data of the problem:
Minutes per unit Unit

Product
Process 1 Process 2 Process 3 profit
1 10 6 8 Php 2.00
2 5 20 10 Php 3.00
Determine the optimal mix of the two products.

3. A small petroleum company owns two refineries. Refinery 1 costs P20,000 per day to operate, and it
can produce 400 barrels of high-grade oil, 300 barrels of medium-grade oil, and 200 barrels of low-
grade oil each day. Refinery 2 is newer and more modern. It costs P25,000 per day to operate, and it
can produce 300 barrels of high-grade oil, 400 barrels of medium-grade oil, and 500 barrels of low-
grade oil each day. The company has orders totaling 25,000 barrels of high-grade oil, 27,000 barrels of
medium-grade oil, and 30,000 barrels of low-grade oil. How many days should it run each refinery to
minimize its costs and still refine enough oil to meet its orders?
4. The Davao Appliance Center has 2,400 cubic feet of storage space for refrigerators. The larger
refrigerators come in 60-cubic-foot packing crates, and the smaller ones come in 40-cubic-foot crates.
The larger refrigerators can be sold for a Php 1,250.00 profit, while the smaller ones can be sold for a
Php 1,150.00 profit. If the manager is required to sell at least 50 refrigerators each month, how many
large refrigerators and how many small refrigerators should he order each month to maximize profit?

PRACTICE SET 7
THE MATHEMATICS OF FINANCE (for CBAE, CHE & CAE)
SCORE
Name : Date :
Simple Interest
In exercises A-D below, the interest rate is annual simple interest rate.
A. Complete the table by calculating the simple interest due on the loan.
Loan Amount Interest Rate Period Interest

1. Php 8,000 7% 2 months
2. Php 15,000 6% 9 months
3. Php 12,000 5% 2 years
4. Php 50,000 7.5% 3 years
5. Php 20,000 3% 1year and 3 months
B. Complete the table by calculating the simple interest rate.

6. Php 20,000 6 months Php 400
7. Php 60,000 3 months Php 450
8. Php 25,000 3 years Php 3375
9. Php 30,000 2 years Php 4800
10. Php 12,000 2 years and 9 months Php 825

Practice Set 7 – The Mathematics of Finance (for CBAE, CHE, & CAE) Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
C. Complete the table by calculating the loan amount.

11. 6% 9 months Php 1575
12. 3.5% 3 months Php 525
13. 5.5% 5 years Php 6875
14. 7% 3 years Php 6300
15. 10% 1 years and 3 months Php 1500
D. Complete the table by calculating duration of the loan.

16. Php 50,000 2.5% Php 2,500
17. Php 25,000 4% Php 3,000
18. Php 10,000 5% Php 750
19. Php 20,000 7.5% Php 1,125
20. Php 40,000 10.8% Php 6,480

E. Each column in the table below is labeled, complete the table by writing the given data (in figures) , the
word “unknown” for the unknown data, n/a if it is not applicable in the problem.
1. If you borrow Php 20,000 for 2 years at an interest rate of 7%, how much interest will you pay?
Principal Interest Period/Time Interest Maturity Value Present

Amount Rate Value
2. In how many years will Php 7,000 double itself at 5% simple interest?

Amount Rate Value
3. What amount would yield an interest of Php 2,437.5 in 5 years at 3% per annum?

Amount Rate Value
4. A loan of Php 30,000 on August 2012 has been paid on March 2015 in the amount of P38,000. What
is the duration of the loan?

Amount Rate Value
5. How long will 8,200 amount to Php 10,500 if the simple interest is the calculated at 13%?

Amount Rate Value

6. If you borrow Php 3,500 for 9 months at an interest rate of 8%, what amount will you pay back?

Amount Rate Value
7. Marco needs Php 10,000 now to buy a computer printer. He has decided to apply for a loan from a
lending company that charges 6% simple interest deducted in advance. How much loan will Marco
apply if he will pay it in 3 years?

Amount Rate Value
8. A cooperative released Php 5,000 emergency loan to Beth with a simple interest rate of 3.5%. If she
intends to pay it in 150 days, what amount will she pay back to the cooperative?

Amount Rate Value
9. Brenda wanted to invest in a trust fund. She borrows from a credit cooperative that charges 8%
simple interest to be deducted in advance. How much will she borrow to start investing Php 30, 000?

Amount Rate Value
10. A couple planned to build a Php 4,000,000 house in 6 years. Since their funds are not yet enough to
finance it now, so they have decided to invest it first in an institution that pays 8% simple interest.
How much should they invest to have such amount in 6 years?

Amount Rate Value

D. Each of the problems below is incomplete. Determine the missing data to solve the problem.
1. Diana received a loan of Php 10,000 at 3% interest rate. Calculate the simple interest?
2. To buy a laptop computer, Anita’s mother borrowed Php 13,000 at an interest rate of 5% per annum.
What is the total amount will she repay?
3. Hannah wants to earn Php 6,500 in interest with her Php 30,000 so she’ll have enough money to buy a
new cellular phone that costs Php 36,500. How long will she need to lend her money?
4. You have deposited in a Savings Bank on June 15, 2015 with an interest rate of 2.5% and have
withdrawn it on June 15, 2016. Calculate the simple interest.
5. Your savings deposit of Php 25,000 earns a simple interest of 3.6%. How much is the interest?
6. Calculate the simple interest due on a 95-day loan if the annual interest rate is 5.5%.
7. Rene paid Php 1,500 interest for his loan from a cooperative that charges simple interest rate of 7.5%.
How much loan did he apply?
8. The interest charged on a Php 5,000 loan is Php 300. Find the simple interest rate?
9. Bell pays Php 18,000 of her 4-year loan. What interest rate is charged to her?
10. Dondi borrowed Php 12,000 from Mike that charges simple interest. After 3 years he cleared the
amount by giving Php16,350 cash and a watch. Find the cost of the watch.

E. Problem Solving. Answer each of the following as indicated.
1. A loan of Php 35,000 with a simple interest rate of 12% will be paid within 9 months. How much
interest will you pay?
2. Anabelle borrowed Php 20,000 that bears simple interest. She has fully paid Php 23,500 after 6
months. How much interest did she pay?
3. A loan of Php 100,000 on April 20, 2011 has been paid on April 2014 in the amount of P109,000.
What is the duration of the loan?
4. Joan borrowed from her friend, Mona, Php 6,500. She repaid Php 7,200 after 9 months. What was
the rate of interest?
5. Jane borrowed Php 15,000 from a cooperative and paid Php 700 interest in a year. What is the rate of
interest?

6. What is the maturity value of a Php 300,000 loan after 5 years if the rate of interest is 6.5% per
annum?
7. A loan of Php 200,000 for 18 months bears Php 3500 interest. What was the interest rate?
8. How long will it take to double your Php 150,000 if invested at 7% simple interest?
9. A couple planned to build an apartment that cost Php 4,000,000 in 3 years. Since their funds are not
yet enough to finance it now, so they have decided to invest it first in an institution that pays 9%
simple interest. How much should they invest to have such amount in 3 years?
10. Eva wanted to invest in a trust fund for her retirement. She borrows from a cooperative that charges
6% simple interest to be deducted in advance. How much will she borrow if she will start investing
with Php 80,000?

Compound Interest
F. Determine the value of n and t in each problem below.
1. How much is the interest of an investment at 4% compounded quarterly for 2 years?
1
2. Calculate the compound amount of Php 4,000 compounded monthly for 1 years?
2
1
3. A man deposited Php 20,000 in a savings bank that pays 4 % compounded semi-annually for 2
2
years and 6 months. What is the compound amount at the end of the term?
4. In the coming three years, you will need Php 200,000. What amount will you deposit in a bank at
present to have such amount if the bank pays 7% compounded annually?
5. You deposit Php 20,000 in an account earning 4.5% interest, compounded annually. How much is in
the account after 9 months?

6. You deposit in an account earning 3% interest, compounded monthly. How much is in the account at
the end of 9 months?
7. Calculate the future value of Php 6,000 earning 3% interest, compounded daily for 2 years.
8. How much money should be invested in an account that earns 7% interest, compounded quarter l, in
order to have Php 200,000 in 3 years?
9. You want to retire in 35 years with Php 2,000,000 in investments. How much money you need to
invest today at 4% interest, compounded daily?
10. A couple plans to save for their child’s college education. What principal amount must be deposited by
the parents when their child turns 5 in order to have Php200,000 when the child reaches the age of 19?
Assume the money earns 6% interest compounded monthly.

G. Each column in the table below is labeled, complete the table by writing the given data (in figures), the
word “unknown” for the unknown data, n/a if it is not applicable in the problem.
1. Find the interest on Php30,000 invested for 2 years at 9% compounded quarterly.
P A I r n t
1
2. What is the maturity value of Php25,000 at the end of 3 years if the interest rate is 5% compounded
2
semi-annually?
P A I r n t
1
3. A man deposited Php 12,000 in a savings bank that pays 1 % compounded monthly for 1 year and
2
10 months. What is the compound amount at the end of the term?
P A I r n t
4. If Php50,000 is due at the end of 3 years at 7% compounded annually. What is its present value?
P A I r n t
5. How much must be deposited today in a savings bank to accumulate Php 120,000 after 5 years if
money earns 6.5% compounded quarterly?
P A I r n t

6. A couple planned to build a Php 2,500,000 house after 5 years. How much should be deposited in a
savings account now that pay 2.5% interest compounded monthly to have such amount in 5 years?
P A I r n t
7. Nico borrowed Php 20,000 from Luke. He promised to pay the principal amount plus the interest at
the end of 2 years. If Luke charged him 2% compounded monthly, how much should Nico pay to
Luke?
P A I r n t
8. If you start investing Php 50,000 now in a trust fund that pays 8% compounded semi-annually, how
much money will you have in 10 years?
P A I r n t
9. How much must be invested today at 8.5% compounded quarterly to have Php3,000,000 in 30 years?
P A I r n t
10. Find the present value of Php 150,000, due at the end of 2 years, if money is worth 9% compounded
annually.
P A I r n t

H. Select the formula to be used in each problem below, then solve.

nt
 r A
A = P 1 +  P= nt
I = A− P , I = Pr t
 n ,  r ,
1 + 
 n
1. What is the compound amount and interest if Php 10,000 is invested at 3.6% compounded monthly for
2 years?
2. How much interest earned in 5 years on Php 20,000 deposited in an account paying 6.5%
compounded semi-annually?
3. How much money should you invest at an interest rate of 4.5% compounded monthly, in order to have
Php 300,000 in 4 years?
4. With your midyear bonus of Php 30,000, you plan to buy a new laptop that cost exactly Php 30,000
but you have decided to invest the whole amount in an account that pays 3% compounded monthly.
What is the compound amount after one year?
5. Suppose your salary now is Php32,000 per month. Assuming an annual inflation rate of 6%, what
will be the its equivalent salary 15 years from now?

6. You are just married and assume to have a college student 20 years from now. If the annual tuition
fee a college student is Php 70,000, what would be its equivalent annual tuition fee at the time you
will have a college student. Assuming that the annual inflation rate is 7.5%.
7. Suppose that you purchase an insurance policy in 2014 that will provide you Php 1,500,000 in 2040.
If the annual inflation rate is 9%, what will be the purchasing power of the Php1,500,000 in 2040?
8. A bank offers 5.5% compounded quarterly. What is the effective rate?
9. Which investment has the higher annual yield, the one that earns 4.2% compounded monthly or the
one that earns 4.15% compounded quarterly?
10. Find the present value of Php500,000, due at the end of 2 years, if money is worth 7% compounded
annually.

Inflation
I. Solve the following problems.
1. The price of a 1,000 g milk in 2010 was Php 900. Use an inflation rate of 6% to calculate its price in
2012, 2015, and 2017. Round to the nearest centavo.
2. Use an inflation rate of 7% to calculate the price of a house and lot in 2005, 2010, and 2018 if its price
in 1996 was Php 240,000.
3. The average assessment of a UM college student for one semester is Php 28,000. Assuming an
inflation rate of 6.5%, what will be the semester assessment of a UM college student in 2025?
4. What is the purchasing power of Php 50,000 in 5 years using an inflation rate of 6%?
5. What is the purchasing power of Php 25,000 in 10 years using an inflation rate of 7%?

6. Suppose your salary in 2010 is Php 20,000. Assuming an inflation rate of 6%, what salary do you
need to earn in 2020 in order to have the same purchasing power?
7. In 2016 your salary was Php 32,000. Assuming an inflation rate of 8%, what salary do you need to
earn in 2025 in order to have the same purchasing power?
8. A retired couple has a fixed income of Php 25,000 per month. Assuming an annual inflation rate of
8%, what is the purchasing power of their monthly income in 3 years?
9. In 2010 you purchase an insurance policy that will provide you Php 500,000 when you retire in 15
years. Assuming an annual inflation rate of 7%, what will be the purchasing power of your Php
500,000 in 2025?
10. Suppose your salary is 2016 is Php 32,000. Assuming an inflation rate of 8%, what salary do you need
to earn in 2025 in order to have the sane purchasing power?

J. Effective Rate
A. Calculate the annual effective rate for an investment that earns the given rate of return.
1. 5% interest compounded daily
2. 7.2% interest compounded monthly
3. 4.6% interest compounded quarterly
4. 6.4% compounded semi-annually
5. 8% compounded quarterly
B. Complete the table below.
Nominal rate Effective rate

1. 5% quarterly compounding
2. 4% semiannual compounding
3. 2% daily compounding
4. 6% annual compounding
5. 3% monthly compounding
C. Determine the higher annual yield.
1. 4% compounded quarterly or 4.5% compounded semiannually
2. 6% compounded quarterly or 5.4% compounded monthly
3. 2.3% compounded daily or 2.8% compounded monthly
4. 7.6% compounded semiannually or 7.8% compounded quarterly
5. 5.2% compounded monthly or 5.1% compounded quarterly

Credit Cards
K. Complete the tables below.
Fill in the statement date for the specific purchases.
Purchase date Statement date for the

Statement date
(month , day) purchase (month, day)
1. November 9
2. August 13
3. Every 12th of the month May 20
4. January 11
5 March 30
6. June 29
7. Every 27th of the month April 10
8. October 29
9. January 26
10 January 28
Fill in the due date for each statement date.
Statement date (month, day) Due date (month , day)

1. December 12
2. February 27
3. November 19
4. August 7
5. April 2
Fill in the table the finance charge for a credit card.
Average daily balance Monthly interest rate Finance charge

1. 2,458.25 1.4%
2. 3,564.80 2.05%
3. 4,683.56 3.75%
4. 1,654.80 2.32%
5. 5,386.20 3.06%

L. Problem Solving. Write your answer on the blank space provided in the table.
1. A credit card account has a Php 4,500 balance on September 14 due date. A payment of Php 3,000 is
made on September 16, a purchase of Php 2,000 was made on September 21. Find the average daily
balance.
Unpaid balance
Balance each Number of
Date Payment/Purchases multiplied by the
day days
number of days
Total
Average daily balance
2. An account had a balance of Php 1,200 on June 8 due date. A purchase of Php 1,500 was made on
June 15, and a payment of Php 1,000 was made on June 19. If the interest on average daily allowance
is 1.02% per month, find the finance charge for the next month bill?
Unpaid balance
Balance each Number of
Date Payment/Purchases multiplied by the
day days
number of days
Total
Average daily balance
Finance charge
3. Below is the table showing the activity date, company, and amount for the credit card bill as shown
below. The due date of the bill is June 23. On May 22 due date, there was an unpaid balance of Php
1,300.00. Find the finance charge if the interest rate is 1.7% per month.
Activity Date Company Amount

May 22 Unpaid balance 1,300
May 23 JM Shopping 2,500
May 24 Credit card payment 3,000
May 28 SV Department Store 2,600
May 30 Credit card payment 1,200
June 1 EV Gas Station 800

Business Loans
M. Solve the following problems.
Use the Approximate Annual Percentage Rate (APR) Formula.

1. Ben borrows Php 15,000 from a bank that advertises a 6% simple interest rate and repays the loan in 2
years. Estimate the APR. Round to the nearest tenth of a percent.
2. A loan of Php 25,000 that bears a simple interest rate of 8% is payable on a monthly basis for 2 years.
2 Nr
What is the value of N in the formula APR = ?
N +1
3. A loan of Php 40,000 with a simple interest rate of 9% is payable yearly for 2 years. What is the value
2 Nr
of N in the formula APR = ?
N +1
4. Suppose you decide to borrow Php 10,000 from a bank that advertises a 6% simple interest rate. You
want to a nine-month loan and agree to repay the loan in a nine monthly payments. Calculate the
annual percentage rate.
5. You purchase a refrigerator for Php 25,000. You pay 10% downpayment and agree to pay the balance
in 6 equal monthly payments. The finance charge on the balance is 3% simple interest. Estimate the
annual percentage rate.

6. Kleah borrows Php 15,000 from a bank that advertises a 5% simple interest rate. If she repays the loan
in three equal monthly payments, estimate the APR.
Monthly payments
7. If the annual interest rate is 8% and the payments are made monthly, the what is the value of i in the
 i 
formula PMT = A  ?
 1 − (1 + i ) − n 
 
8. If a certain loan is repaid on a monthly basis for two years what is the value of n in the formula
 i 
PMT = A  ?
 1 − (1 + i ) − n 
 
9. Ivan’s Cellular Phone Store advertises a new model cellphone for Php 55,000. If your finance the
purchase of this cellphone for 1 year at an annual interest rate of 4.2%, find the monthly payment?
10. You house and lot is worth Php 600,000 at an annual interest rate of 4% payable monthly for 25 years.
Find the monthly payment.

Loan Payoff
11. After a year of paying Php 8,000 monthly on a 5-year car loan, you decided to pay off the loan. What
 1 − (1 + i ) − n 
is the value of i in the formula A = PMT   to calculate the payoff amount?
 i 
 
12. Amy has a five-year car loan based on an annual percentage rate of 7.6%. The monthly payment
is Php 12,000. After 4 years, she decided to pay off her car loan. Find the payoff amount.
13. Suppose you have a three-year car loan at an annual percentage rate of 8.1% and a monthly payment
1
of Php 16,000. After 1 years, you decided to purchase a new car. What is the payoff of your loan?
2
14. Suppose you have a 25-year housing loan at an annual interest rate of 4.5% and a monthly payment of
Php6,850. After 15 years, you decide to payoff. What is the payoff amount on your housing loan?
15. Joan has a five-year housing loan at an annual interest rate of 6.5% and a monthly payment of Php
16,300. After 4 years, Joan decides to purchase another house. What is the payoff on Joan’s loan?

Stocks, Bonds and Mutual Funds
N. Answer the following problems.

1. A stock pays an annual dividend of Php 20 per share. Calculate the dividend paid to a stockholder
who has 50 shares of the company’s stock.
2. Calculate the dividends paid to a stockholder who has 150 shares of a stock that is paying an annual
dividend of Php 12 per share.
3. A stock pays an annual dividend of Php90 per share. If the stock is trading at Php 1200, what is the
dividend yield?
4. You owned 300 shares of stocks in Company A . You purchased the shares at a price of Php 800 per
share and sold them at Php 1100 per share. If your broker charges 2% of the total sale price, what was
your profit or loss on the sale of stock? What was the commission of the broker?
5. A bond with a face value of Php1,000 has a 3% coupon and a 10-year maturity date. Calculate the
interest.
6. A company issued a bond with a face value of Php3,000, has a 7% coupon and a 15-year maturity
date. How much will the company pay to the bondholder?
7. How many shares can you purchase with your Php8,000 if the NAV is 2.51?
8. You invested Php5,000 in a financial institution for a trust fund NAV of Php1.98 per share. How
many shares have you invested?
9. You invested Php25,000 in an equity fund with an equivalent of 452 shares. What is the cost per share
at the time you invested?
10. You invested Php 40,000 in a mutual fund with a NAV of Php 3.84. Currently, you will redeem it
with a NAV of 5.92. What is the total amount will you redeem?

PRACTICE SET 8
APPORTIONMENT AND VOTING (for CASE, CHSE, CTE & CCJE)
SCORE
Name : Date :
Introduction to Apportionment
Apportion is defined as “to divide and distribute in shares according to a plan.” Several methods of
apportionment have been proposed, and several different methods have actually been used since the first
apportionment in 1790 in the US Congress.
A. Use the Hamilton Plan, Jefferson Plan and Webster Method in solving the following apportionment
problems. Compare the results from the three techniques.
1. A senior high school has one mathematics teacher who teaches all general mathematics, statistics, and
basic calculus classes. She has time to teach a total of five sections, and 100 students are enrolled as
follows: 52 for general mathematics, 33 for statistics, and 15 for basic calculus. How many sections of
each course should be scheduled?
2. The CSSDO have to apportion 44 social workers to two barangays in Davao City and the
apportionment shall be done according to the number of cases to be handled by the social workers.
Barangay A has 584 cases while Barangay B has 712 cases. Determine the number of social workers
to be assigned to each barangay.

Practice Set 8 – Apportionment and Voting (for CASE, CHSE, CTE & CCJE) Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
3. Suppose that the governors of the five provinces in Davao Region have agreed to form a council to
foster historical awareness, tourism, and commerce. The council will have fifteen seats and will be
distributed based on the populations of the provinces. Allocate the members of the council for each
province.
Province Population
Davao del Norte 1,020,000
Davao del Sur 633,000
Davao Oriental 559,000
Davao Occidental 316,000
Davao de Oro 736,000
4. Suppose that the Davao City Police Chief needs to assign the 139 new police officers to four different
police precincts in Davao City (San Pedro, Sasa, Talomo and Bunawan). He will make the
assignments on the basis of how many crimes were committed in each precinct last year. Apportion
the new police officers.
Police Precinct Crimes

San Pedro 161
Sasa 165
Talomo 256
Bunawan 92

5. Apportion the 36 new P10-peso coins to Angelito, Bong, and Cords if Angelito paid Php 5,900.00,
Bong paid Php 7,600.00 and Cords paid Php 1,400.00.
6. A College of Fine Arts offers four different art classes with the enrollments shown below. Ten new
teachers will be hired using Jefferson’s method. Determine who gets the new teachers and comment on
the results.
Police Precinct Crimes
Dance 152
Painting 785
Sculpture 160
Theater 95

7. The city is planning to reorganize the 5 major PUJ routes around the city. The daily average number of
passengers on each route will determine how the city’s 36 jeepneys will be apportioned.
Number of
PUJ Route
Passengers
Route 1 1532
Route 2 2456
Route 3 680
Route 4 1245
Route 5 876
8. The university needs to apportion 60 new fax machines to be distributed among the university’s five
campuses based on the number of employees at each campus. Determine how the fax machines shall
be distributed.
Number of
Campus
Passengers
Matina 386
Tagum 225
Digos 106
Bansalan 83
Tibungco 45

9. The KCC supermarket has four branches located on the different parts of the city. The administrator
hired 62 more personnel to be allocated to these branches based on the average number of customers in
a day. Determine the number of personnel to be assigned to each branch.
Number of
Branch
Customers
Branch 1 10,356
Branch 2 12,239
Branch 3 9,835
Branch 4 15,863
10. Three beach resorts from the Island Garden City of Samal had requested additional lifeguards from an
agency. There are 18 lifeguards available starting next and have to be apportioned to three resorts base
on the number of their guests in a week.
Number of
Resort
Guests
Paradise Island 2,340
Isla Reta 1,569
Pearl Farm 527

Introduction to Voting
One of the most revered privileges that those of us who live in a democracy enjoy is the right to vote for
our representatives. Sometimes, however, we are puzzled by the fact that the best candidate did not get
elected. Unfortunately, because of the way our plurality voting system works, it is possible to elect someone
or pass a resolution that has less than majority support.
B. Solve the following problems using plurality voting, plurality with elimination, Borda count and the
pairwise comparison voting. Compare the results of the different methods.
1. Fifty Mass Communication students were surveyed about their preference on the three short films
produced by students to be submitted as entry in the local film festival. They ranked the three films
and the result is shown in the table below. Which film is the most popular choice of this group of
students?
Rankings
Kalinaw sa Mindanao 2 1 2 1 3
Ang Probasyon 3 2 1 3 1
Salome 1 3 3 2 2
Number of votes 8 7 7 15 13
2. Five candidates, Ruben, Bong, Angel, Louie and Melvin were nominated for president in the College
Student Council. After the polls close, ranked ballots were tallied, and the results are summarized
below. Determine the winner and what percent of the votes did the winner receive?
Rankings
Ruben 1 2 5 5 2 3 4
Bong 2 3 2 4 3 2 5
Angel 4 4 1 2 1 1 3
Louie 3 1 3 3 4 5 2
Melvin 5 5 4 1 5 4 1
Number of votes 10 7 12 16 11 4 10

3. The mathematics department is hiring a new faculty member. The hiring committee which composed
of five members has interviewed four candidates: Alex, Brando, Carlo, and Dennis and their rankings
are shown in table below. Who gets the offer?
Candidate Voter 1 Voter 2 Voter 3 Voter 4 Voter 5

Alex 1 4 2 2 2
Brando 2 2 3 4 1
Carlo 3 3 1 3 4
Dennis 4 1 4 1 3
4. The HR of a certain company is planning its annual summer R & R and has asked its employees to
rank five different choices of recreation in order of preference. The results are given in the table below.
Rankings
Beach 1 2 5 4 2 3 4
Mountain Resort 5 3 1 5 3 2 5
Island Hopping 3 4 2 2 1 1 3
City Tour 4 1 4 3 4 5 2
Hotel Party 2 5 3 1 5 4 1
Number of votes 5 8 15 14 7 11 12

Weighted Voting System

A weighted voting is an electoral system in which the voters do not have the same amount of
influence over the result of an election. Each voting system can be described using the form
{q: w1, w2, w3, w4,…,wn}
where q is the quota, w are the weights and n is the number of voters. The weights are listed in
numerical order, starting with the highest weight.
C. Answer the following problems involving the weighted voting system.
1. A weighted voting system is given by {7: 5, 3, 1, 1}.
a. What is the quota?

b. How many voters are in this system?
c. What is the weight of voter B?
d. What is the weight of the coalition {A, C}?
e. Is {A, D} a winning coalition?
f. Which voters are critical voters in the coalition {A, C, D}?
g. How many coalitions can be formed?
h. How many coalitions consist of exactly two voters?
2. A weighted voting system is given by {21: 15, 14, 5, 3, 1}.
a. What is the quota?

b. How many voters are in this system?
c. What is the weight of voter C?
d. What is the weight of the coalition {B, C}?
e. Is {A, B, C} a winning coalition?
f. Which voters are critical voters in the coalition {A, B, D}?
g. How many coalitions can be formed?
h. How many coalitions consist of exactly two voters?

3. Calculate, if possible, the Banzhaf power index for each voter. Round to the nearest hundredth.
a. {8: 4, 3, 2}
b. {15: 8, 6, 4}
c. {20: 7, 3, 2, 1}
d. {10: 7, 5, 1, 1}
e. {12: 14, 12, 4, 3, 1}
f. {5: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
g. {21: 21, 7, 3, 3, 1, 1}
h. {12: 6, 6, 4, 3, 1}
i. {80: 60, 40, 30, 25, 5}
j. {85: 50, 40, 25, 5}
Which, if any, of the voting systems is a dictatorship?

Which, if any, of the voting systems is a veto power system?
Which, if any, of the voting systems is a null system?
Which, if any, of the voting systems is a one-person, one-vote system?

PRACTICE SET 9
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM
SCORE
Name : Date :
Modular Arithmetic
Modular arithmetic is the arithmetic of congruences, sometimes known informally as "clock arithmetic."
In modular arithmetic, numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a given fixed quantity, which is known as
the modulus (which would be 12 in the case of hours on a clock, or 60 in the case of minutes or seconds on a
clock).
A. Answer the following questions using modular arithmetic.
1. It is currently 7:00 PM. What time (in AM or PM) will it ne in 1000 hours?
2. Elisa is excited for her birthday party on Saturday, March 3, 2018. She is turning 16 years old. What
day of the week was Elisa born?
3. Richard went to the movies nine days ago. If Thursdays are the only day of the week that Richard
goes to movies, then what day of the week is today?
4. You have to take a medication every 6 hours for 5 days starting at 7 A.M. Explain why you will never
have to take medication between 2 A.M. and 6 A.M.

Practice Set 9 – Mathematical Systems Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
5. A musical scale has 12 half-tones that correspond to the 12-hour clock. What note is 6 half-tones above
A?
6. Suppose it is now November (11th month). What month is 8 months later?

Write a 12-hour clock addition equation that supports your answer to the question above.
7. A three-way bulb works with a switch that has settings for off, low, medium, and high. What mod
system would be a model for this?
8. What day of the week is it 100 days after Tuesday?
9. April 5, 2001 was a Thursday. What day of the week was April 5, 2002?
10. January 1, 2000 was a Saturday. What is the next year January 1 fell on a weekend?

B. Answer the following questions.
1. Determine the ISBN check digit for the book Davao History by Corcino, Ernesto (1998). The first 12
digits of the ISBN are 978971920070_.
2. A purchase order for the book The Mathematics for the Modern World by Dale Hathaway with the
ISBN 9780201611298. Verify if the ISBN is valid.
3. The book entitled Basic Mathematics authored by Eugenio Guhao and Nida Abangolan (2015) has an
ISBN 978971821561_. Determine the ISBN check digit.
4. Verify if the ISBN for the book entitled Mathematics of Investment by Winston Sirug (2014) is valid.
ISBN 9789719905805.
5. Determine the ISBN check digit for the book College Algebra by Exconde et al (2013). The first 12
digits of the ISBN are 978971016725_.

6. The first 11 digits of the UPC of the Coca Cola Zero are 04900004256_. Find its check digit.
7. The UPC of the Procter & Gamble 27782 Tide 20 Ounce Tide Reg Powder is 037000277828. Verify
if it is a valid UPC.
8. Verify if the UPC 737964000127 for 2 liters Datu Puti Vinegar is valid.
9. Is the UPC 024000012535 for Pineapple Juice From Concentrate 46.00 fl oz. valid?
10. The UPC 052177847339 is associated with Levi's Men's 501 Original Straight Leg Jeans. Is this a valid
UPC?

11. Can you find the plaintext that produced the ciphertext below? A shift cipher with undisclosed
encryption key was used.
UEUFXGZOTFUYQKQF
12. Below is ciphertext produced by a shift cipher with undisclosed encryption key. Decrypt it using
frequency analysis.
WIVHLVETPRERCPJZJTRESVLJVUFEFKYVIKPGVJFWTZGYVIJKFFSLKZKZJEFKLJLR
CCPRJJZDGCVRJZKZJNZKYJYZWKTZGYVIJDREPFWKYVJVFKYVITZGYVIJNZCCR
GG VRIYVIVZEKYVEVOKWVNDFEKYJ

C. Determine whether each of the following is true.
1. 7 ≡ 12 mod 5
2. 3 ≡ 24 mod 7
3. 33 ≡ 15 mod 9
4. 5 ≡ 2 mod 26
5. 33 ≡ 49 mod 4
6. 25 ≡ 85 mod 12
7. 18 ≡ 60 mod 7
8. 7 ≡ 21 mod 3
9. 100 ≡ 20 mod 5
10. 88 ≡ 5 mod 9
11. 120 ≡ 6 mod 20
12. 5 ≡ 20 mod 1
13. 45 ≡ 9 mod 5
14. 72 ≡ 30 mod 5

D. Perform the modular arithmetic as indicated.
1. (37 + 45) mod 12
2. (42 + 35) mod 3
3. (36 – 10) mod 13
4. (8 · 16) mod 7
5. (11 + 1) mod 12
6. (60 – 32) mod 9
7. (5 · 12) mod 4
8. (24 – 41) mod 8
9. (28 + 31) mod 4
10. (15 – 32) mod 7

E. Solve the following congruence equations.
1. x ≡ 2 mod 3
2. 9x ≡ 21 mod 30
3. 18x ≡ 30 mod 42
4. x ≡ 1 mod 4
5. 6x ≡ 15 mod 21

F. Use the cyclical alphabetic encrypting code that shifts each letter 12 positions to code the following
statements.
1. The University of Mindanao
2. Vincit Omnia Veritas

3. Mathematics in the Modern World
4. Quality, affordable and open education
5. Excellence, Honesty and Integrity, Innovation and Teamwork

G. Use the cyclical alphabetic encrypting code that shifts each letter 8 positions to decode the following
statements.
1. OCQTTMZUW BWZZMA
2. SILIGIEIV AI LIJIO

3. IVO XIUJIVAIVO SIUIW
4. TQOPB WN BPN AWCBPMZV ASQMA
5. UQVLIVIW KCTBCZM INL IZBA

PRACTICE SET 10
THE MATHEMATICS OF GRAPHS (for CCE, CEE & CAFAE)
SCORE
Name : Date :
Graphs and Euler Circuits

A graph is a set of points called vertices and line segments or curves called edges that connect vertices.
Vertices are always clearly indicated with a “dot.” Edges that intersect with no marked vertex are considered
to cross over each other without touching.
A. Construct a graph that is being represented by the following tables.
1. The following table lists five friends in facebook. An “X” indicates that the two people are connected.
a. Draw a graph that represents this information where each vertex represents a person and an edge
connects two vertices if the corresponding persons are connected in facebook.
b. Use your graph to answer the following questions: Which person has the most number of friends in
facebook compared to the others? Which person has only one friend in common with the others?
How many friends does Delfin have in common with the others?
Andres Ben Carina Delfin Elena

Andres -- x x
Ben x -- x x
Carina x -- x
Delfin x x --
Elena x --

Practice Set 10 – The Mathematics of Graphs (for CCE, CEE & CAFAE) Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
2. An “x” in the table below indicates a direct route of PUJs between the corresponding locations in Davao
City. Draw a graph that represents this information, in which each vertex represents a city and an edge
connects two vertices if there is a train route between the corresponding cities.
Downtown Bajada Buhangin Sasa Panacan Matina

Downtown -- x x x
Bajada x -- x x
Buhangin x x -- x x
Sasa x -- x
Panacan x x --
Matina x x --

3. Determine the number of vertices and edges of the following graphs.
a. b.
___________________________ ___________________________
c. d.
___________________________ ___________________________
e. f.
___________________________ ___________________________
g. h.
___________________________ ___________________________

4. Determine whether the two graphs are equivalent.
a.
b.

5. Determine if the following graphs is Eulerian. If Eulerian, find an Euler circuit. If not Eulerian, find an
Euler path. Likewise, determine if each graph is Hamiltonian and find a Hamiltonian path and
Hamiltonian circuit.
a.
b.

c.
d.

6. Draw a graph that represents the floor plans below, where each vertex represents a room and an edge
connects two vertices if there is a doorway between the two rooms. Is it possible to walk through the
floor and pass through each doorway without going through any doorway twice? Does it depend on
whether you return to the room you started at? Justify your conclusion
a.

b.

7. Use the greedy algorithm and edge-picking algorithm to find a Hamiltonian circuit in the
following weighted graphs.
a.

b.
A B
C D E
F G

c.

d.

8. Jeninna owns her own business in Davao city. One month, she had to fly to Bacolod City and Cebu City
to meet with clients. Her firm was a recent startup, and money was tight, so she made a point of finding
the least expensive flights. She logged onto a travel web site and found the following costs of one-way
flights between the cities:
Davao City Cebu City Bacolod City

Davao city -- Php 2835.00 Php 1845.00
Cebu City Php 3225.00 -- Php 1350.00
Bacolod City Php 1568.00 Php 1245.70 --
Find the least expensive route.

9. The Lozada Express delivery man has to deliver orders from the Lozada Ex warehouse to a school in
Maa, City Hall, a Matina residence, the lawyer’s office, and the central bank. Table below shows the
time (in minutes) to travel between pair destinations.
Lozada Ex School in City Matina Lawyer’s Central

Warehouse Maa Hall Residence Office Bank
Lozada Ex
-- 22 10 35 27 11
Warehouse
School in
-- 8 32 15 8
Maa
City
-- 37 18 11
Hall
Matina
-- 25 17
Residence
Lawyer’s
-- 30
Office
Central
--
Bank
Plan the route of the delivery to minimize its travel time.

10. Represent each of the following maps by a graph. Find a coloring of the graph that uses the
fewest possible number of colors. Then color the map according to the graph coloring you
found.
a.

b.

c.

PRACTICE SET 11
CODES (for CBAE, CHE & CAE)
SCORE
Name : Date :
Binary Codes
Code is a system of symbols (as letters or numbers) used to represent assigned and often secret
message. Coded data that made up of two states (or symbols) is called a binary code.
A. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary.

1. 14 6. 6
2. 2 7. 11
3. 10 8. 15
4. 4 9. 2
5. 3 10. 12
B. Convert the following binary number to decimal.

1. 1010 6. 1011
2. 1001 7. 0001
3. 0110 8. 1011
4. 0111 9. 1110
5. 0100 10. 0011
C. Perform the indicated operation on binary numbers.

1. 10010112 6. 10012
+ 10110112 x 1112
2. 10010112 7. 101012
– 0110112 ÷ 10112
3. 1000110 8. 00112
– 1001002 x 10012
4. 10111012 9. 100012
+ 1111002 ÷ 00112
5. 11011112 10. 101012

+ 1101002 x 10102

Practice Set 11 – Codes (for CBAE, CHE & CAE) Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
ASCII – Binary Character Table
Letter Binary Letter Binary Letter Binary Letter Binary Digit Binary
A 1000001 N 1001110 a 1100001 n 1101001 0 0110000
B 1000010 O 1001111 b 1100010 o 1101111 1 0110001
C 1000011 P 1010000 c 1100011 p 1110000 2 0110010
D 1000100 Q 1010001 d 1100100 q 1110001 3 0110011
E 1000101 R 1010010 e 1100101 r 1110010 4 0110100
F 1000110 S 1010011 f 1100110 s 1110011 5 0110101
G 1000111 T 1010100 g 1100111 t 1110100 6 0110110
H 1001000 U 1010101 h 1101000 u 1110101 7 0110111
I 1001001 V 1010110 i 1101001 v 1110110 8 0111000
J 1001010 W 1010111 j 1101010 w 1110111 9 0111001
K 1001011 X 1011000 k 1101011 x 1111000
L 1001100 Y 1011001 l 1101100 y 1111001
M 1001101 Z 1011010 m 1101101 z 1111010
D. Using the ASCII – Binary Code, decode the following message and give an answer.
1. 1010100 1101000 1100101 1100011 1101111 1110010 1100101 1110110 1100001

1101100 1110101 1100101 1110011 1101111 1110100 1101000 1100101 1010101
1101001 1101001 1110110 1100101 1110010 1110011 1101001 1110100 1111001
1101111 1100110 1001101 1101001 1101001 1100100 1100001 1101001 1100001
1101111
Plaintext:
Answer:
2. 1001110 1100101 1110111 1100111 1100101 1101001 1100101 1110010 1100001

1101100 1100101 1100100 1110101 1100011 1100001 1110100 1101001 1101111
1101001 1101101 1100001 1110100 1101000 1100101 1101101 1100001 1110100
1101001 1100011 1110011 1100011 1101111 1110101 1110010 1110011 1100101
Plaintext:
Answer:
3. 1010100 1101000 1100101 0110010 0110000 0110001 0110101 1001101 1110011

1010101 1101001 1101001 1110110 1100101 1110010 1110011 1100101
Plaintext:
Answer:

Error Detection and Error Correction

Coding theory - is mainly concerned with explicit methods for efficient and reliable data transmission or
storage. One of its tasks is to detect or correct errors.
Code word is an element of a standardized code or protocol. Each code word is assembled in accordance
with the specific rules of the code and assigned a unique meaning.
Approaches of reliable codes:
Parity Check is the simplest form of error detection in which a single bit is appended to a bit string. A bit
string has odd parity if the number of 1s in the string is odd. A bit string has even parity if the number of 1s
in the string is even.
Repetition is the simplest possible error-correcting code where each bit is repeated a certain number of
times before sending. The original message can be recovered from any received message by a process called
majority detection.
The Hamming distance d(x, y) between the bit strings x and y is the number of positions in which these
strings differ.
E. 1. Using even parity, add parity bit to the following bit patterns.
a. 011010__ f. 000000__
b. 101011__ g. 1010111__
c. 1001__ h. 1010101__
d. 11111111__ i. 00110011__
e. 0001000__ j. 10011__
2. Using odd parity, add parity bit to the following bit patterns.
a. 011010__ f. 000000__
b. 101011__ g. 1010111__
c. 1001__ h. 1010101__
d. 11111111__ i. 00110011__
e. 0001000__ j. 10011__
3. Will the following bit strings be received correctly if the last bit is a parity bit? Why? Use
even parity.
a. 1000011
b. 111111000
c. 10101010101
d. 110111011100
e. 1000100001

4. Consider a code designed to specify one of four possible direction:
North: 000000 South: 111000 East: 001110 West: 110011
The following code words have been received using the code above. Assuming that only
one error has been made in transmission, determine, if possible, the actual message
transmitted.
a. 010000
b. 110000
c. 010011
d. 110001
e. 001100
5. Suppose that a parity check bit is added to a bit string before it is transmitted. Using even parity,
what can you conclude if you receive the bit strings 1110011 and 10111101 as messages?
6. Encode the bit string 011001 by repeating each bit twice.
7. Suppose the encoded message 000001111000010111000 was received. What was the original
message if triplication was used in transmission? What is the information rate of the repetition
code?
8. Find the Hamilton distance between each of the following pairs of bit strings.
a. 00000, 11111
b. 1010101, 0011100
c. 000000001, 111000000
d. 1111111111, 0100100011
e. 1010101010, 0101010101

9. The notation (n, M, d) is used to represent a code with code length n, a total of M codewords,
and minimum distance d. One of the major goals of coding theory is to develop codes that
strike a balance between having a small n (for fast transmission of messages), a large M (to
enable transmission of a wide variety of messages), and a large d (to detect many errors).
Describe each of the following using (n, M, d) notation:
a. C1 = {0000, 1100, 0011, 1111}

b. C2 = {00, 01, 10, 11}
c. C3 = {000, 011, 101, 110}
10. Puzzle Choice. Each letter in this puzzle is represented by a number 1-26. Can you crack the
code and solve the crossword? Every letter of the alphabet is used at least once. Three letters
are already in place to get you started.
CODE

PRACTICE SET 12
LOGIC (for CASE, CHSE, CTE & CCJE)
SCORE
Name : Date :
Logic
A statement or a proposition is a sentence or a mathematical expression that is either true or false
but not both. The truth value of the proposition is the truthfulness or falsity of the statement.
A. Determine whether each sentence is a proposition. If it is a proposition, tell whether it is true or false.
1. What time will it be in 100 hours?
2. MMW is the new general education mathematics course.
3. x + 1 = 5
4. Open the door.
5. A decade is 100 years.
6. For every positive integer n, there is a prime number larger than n.
7. Twenty divides ten.
8. 12 + 12 = 12
9. For some positive integer n, 19340 = n · 17.
10. Peel me a mango.
11. The difference of two primes.
12. Please share your answer.
13. How are you?
14. 1 – 10 = 9
15. –5 < x < 5

Practice Set 12 – Logic (for CASE, CHSE, CTE & CCJE) Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
Compound Proposition
A simple statement is a statement that conveys a single idea. A compound statement is a statement that
conveys two or more ideas. Connecting simple statements with words and phrases such as and, or, if . . . then,
and if and only if creates a compound statement.
George Boole used symbols such as p, q, r, and s to represent simple statements and the symbols ˄, ˅,
¬, →, and ↔ to represent connectives.
B. Represent the given statements symbolically.
1. Let p: Today is Monday.

q: It is raining.
r: It is hot.
a. Today is Monday and it is hot.
b. It is hot or it is not raining.
c. Today is not Monday or it is not the case that (it is raining and it is hot).
d. It is not the case that (it is hot or it is not raining) and Today is not Monday.
e. Either today is Monday or it is raining and it is not hot.
2. Let p: 3 < 9
q: 9 < 8
r: 3 < 7
a. 3 < 9 and 9 < 8.
b. It is not the case that (3 < 9 and 9 < 8).
c. 3 < 9 or it is not the case that (9 < 8 and 3 < 7).
d. (3 < 7 or 3 < 9) and 9 > 8.
e. 9 is not less than 8 and 3 is greater than 7.

3. Let p: A century is 100 years.

q: 1 + 1 = 3.
r: 2 is prime number.
a. If a century is 100 years, then 1 + 1 = 3.
b. 2 is not prime if and only if 1 + 1 ≠ 3.
c. Either 2 is prime number or 1 + 1 = 3 if and only if a century is 100 years.
d. It is not the case that (if 1 + 1 = 3, then 2 is prime number) and a century is 100 years.
e. Either a century is 100 years or 2 is not prime number.
4. Let p: 4 < 5.
q: 5 < 6.
r: 6 > 3.
a. If 4 < 5, then (6 > 3 if and only if 5 ≥ 6).
b. 6 > 3 if and only if 4 ≥ 5.
c. Either 5 < 6 or 4 < 5 if and only if 6 > 3.
d. It is not the case that (if 6 > 3, then 5 < 6) and 4 ≥ 5.
e. If 4 ≥ 5, then either 5 < 6 or 6 > 3.

C. Formulate the symbolic expression in words using the given statements.
1. Let p: Today is Monday.

q: It is raining.
r: It is hot.
a. ¬q ˄ (r ˅ p)
b. ¬(p ˅ q) ˄ r
c. (p ˄ q) ˄ ¬(r ˅ p)
d. p ˅ ¬(p ˄ q)
e. (p ˄ (q ˅ r)) ˄ (r ˅ (q ˅ p))
2. Let p: 3 < 9
q: 9 < 8
r: 3 < 7
a. (q ˅ r) ˄ (r ˅ p)
b. r ˄ ¬(q ˅ p)
c. ¬(p ˅ q) ˅ (p ˄ r)
d. ¬r ˅ ¬q
e. ¬((p ˅ q) ˅ ¬(p ˄ r))


q: 1 + 1 = 3.
a. ¬p → ¬q
b. (p ˅ q) ↔ (p ˄ r)
c. ¬q → (p ↔ r)
d. p → ¬(p ˅ r)
e. (p → q) ↔ (q → r)
4. Let p: 4 < 5.
q: 5 < 6.
r: 6 > 3.
a. (p ↔ q) → r
b. ¬q) → (p ˄ r)
c. ¬(p ˅ q) ↔ r
d. (p ˄ (q ˅ r)) → (r ˅ (q ˅ p))
e. (p ˅ (¬p ˄ ¬(q ˅ r))) → (p ˅ ¬(r ˅ q))

D. Evaluate the truth value of each compound proposition.
1. Let p: There are seven days in a week.

q: 7 is even.
r: An even number is prime number.
a. ¬q ˄ (r ˅ p)
b. ¬(p ˅ q) ˄ r
c. (p ˄ q) ˄ ¬(r ˅ p)

2. Let p: 3 < 9
q: 9 < 8
r: 3 < 7
a. (q ˅ r) ˄ (r ˅ p)
b. r ˄ ¬(q ˅ p)
c. ¬(p ˅ q) ˅ (p ˄ r)


q: 1 + 1 = 3.
a. ¬p → ¬q
b. (p ˅ q) ↔ (p ˄ r)
c. ¬q → (p ↔ r)

4. Let p: 4 < 5.
q: 5 < 6.
r: 6 > 3.
a. (p ↔ q) → r
b. ¬q) → (p ˄ r)
c. ¬(p ˅ q) ↔ r

E. Restate the following propositions in the form “if p …, then q”.
1. Pedro can be a good student if he studies hard.

_________________________________________________________________________
2. When you jump, I will fall.

_________________________________________________________________________
3. Roberto will go to the beach only if you accompany him.

_________________________________________________________________________
4. It is necessary to pass the mock board exam for Romeo to graduate from college.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. I could be a better swimmer if I trained a lot.

_________________________________________________________________________
6. The audience will be bored if Rosa presents her report.

_________________________________________________________________________
7. A sufficient condition for Jonathan to take calculus is that he passed the college algebra.
_________________________________________________________________________
8. Johnny will pass the OJT course only if he completed the 240 hours of industry immersion.
_________________________________________________________________________
9. When I eat chocolate, my tooth aches.

_________________________________________________________________________
10. The streets will be flooded if it will rain tonight.

_________________________________________________________________________

F. Write the inverse, converse and contrapositive of the given compound proposition.
1. Pedro can be a good student if he studies hard.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. When you jump, I will fall.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Roberto will go to the beach only if you accompany him.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. It is necessary to pass the mock board exam for Romeo to graduate from college.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. I could be a better swimmer if I trained a lot.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

6. The audience will be bored if Rosa presents her report.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
7. A sufficient condition for Jonathan to take calculus is that he passed the college algebra.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
8. Johnny will pass the OJT course only if he completed the 240 hours of industry immersion.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
9. When I eat chocolate, my tooth aches.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
10. The streets will be flooded if it will rain tonight.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

G. Determine if the following compound propositions is tautology, contradiction, or contingency by

constructing its respective truth table.
1. ¬q ˄ (r ˅ p)
2. ¬(p ˅ q) ˄ r
3. (p ˄ q) ˄ ¬(r ˅ p)

4. (q ˅ r) ˄ (r ˅ p)
5. r ˄ ¬(q ˅ p)
6. ¬(p ˅ q) ˅ (p ˄ r)

7. ¬p → ¬q
8. (p ˅ q) ↔ (p ˄ r)
9. ¬q → (p ↔ r)

10. (p ↔ q) → r
11. ¬q) → (p ˄ r)
12. ¬(p ˅ q) ↔ r

H. Formulate the arguments symbolically and determine whether each is valid.
Let p: I buy a car.

q: I ride a jeepney.
r: I walk for work.
1.
If I buy a car, then I ride a jeepney.
I buy a car.
∴ I ride a jeepney.
2.
If I buy a car, then I ride a jeepney.
If I don’t walk for work, then I don’t ride a jeepney.
∴ I walk for work.

3.
I buy a car if and only if I walk for work.
I walk for work.
∴ I buy a car.
4.
If I buy a car or I walk for work, then I ride a jeepney.
I ride a jeepney.
∴ If I don’t buy a car, then I walk for work.
5.
If I buy a car, then I ride a jeepney or I walk for work.
I don’t ride a jeepney and I don’t walk for work.
∴ I don’t buy a car.

I. Write the given argument in words and determine whether each is valid.
Let p: I will take a vacation to Samal Island.

q: I will go to Loleng’s for retreat.
r: I will enroll summer classes.
1.
p→r
p→q
∴ p → (r ˄ q)
2.
p → (r ˅ q)
r → ¬q
∴ p → r)

3.
p→r
r→q
∴q
4.
¬r → ¬p
r
∴p
5.
p→r
r→q
p
∴q

REFERENCES
Aufmann et al. (2013). Mathematical excursions, 3rd ed. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
Black, K. (2010). Business statistics for contemporary decision making, 6th ed. MA: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Bluman, A.G. (2012). Elementary statistics: a step by step approach, 8th ed. NY: McGraw-Hill.
COMAP, Inc. (2013). For all practical purposes: mathematical literacy in today’s world. NY: W.H.
Freeman & Co.
Hammack, R. (2013). Book of proof. Richmond, Virginia: author.
Johnson and Mowry (2012). Mathematics: a practical odyssey, 7th ed. Belmont: Brooks/ Cole, Cengage
Learning.
Johnsonbaugh, R. (1993). Discrete mathematics. New York: Mcmillan Publishing Company.
Lawsky et al. (2014). CK-12 advanced probability and statistics, 2nd ed. CK-12 Foundation.
Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, M. (2007). Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of discrete mathematics.
3rd ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sirug, W. (2012). Fundamentals of discrete mathematics. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.
http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2017/06/27/mindanao-weaves.html
https://www.wyzant.com
http://www.bbc.co,uk
http://mathforum.org/sum95/suzanne/whattess.html
http://hauteculturefashio.com/tboli-textile-tribe-philippines/
http://www,ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/2017/03/02/the=maranao-and-their-weaving-tradition/
http://www.choosephilippines.com/specials/buy-local/3759/mindanao-woven-cloth-crafts
https://www.universalclass.com
https://mandayanblood.blogspot.com/2008/08/mandaya-dagmay-weaving.html
http://mathstat.slu.edu/escher/index.php/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
http://psa.gov.ph/psada/index.php/catalog/173

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Practice

The practical approach of understanding mathematics can be easily grasped

This practice set is specifically designed to supplement students’ learning during

The Nature of Mathematics

Mathematical Language and Symbols 9

Problem Solving and Reasoning 15

Mathematics as a Tool (Part 1)

Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)

Linear Programming (for CEE, CCE, & CAFAE) 50

The Mathematics of Finance (for CBAE, CHE, & CAE) 58

Apportionment and Voting (for CASE, CTE, CHSE & CCJE) 80

The Mathematics of Graphs (for CEE, CCE, & CAFAE) 101

Codes (for CBAE, CHE, & CAE) 118

Logic (for CASE, CTE, CHSE & CCJE) 123

Mathematics in the Modern World

College/Program : Time / Schedule :

1. What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?

2. What is most useful about mathematics for humankind?

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 1

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 2

Fibonacci numbers occur in the sequence

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 3

7. Binet’s Formula states that the nth Fibonacci number is

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 4

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 5

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 6

12. In the Fibonacci Sequence:

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 7

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 8

College/Program : Time / Schedule :

A. If possible, classify the entries in the list below as:

How to read Classification

3. The word ‘cat’ begins with letter ‘K’.

6. The car is black.

10. This sentence is false.

12. bat cat dat

15. The square root of four is two.

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 9

1. The sum of a number and 10

2. The product of two prime numbers

3. The ratio of –1 and a number

4. Three-fourths times the sum of two numbers

6. Four less than a number

8. There are twice as many boys as there are girls

9. The area of a rectangle whose length is twice its width

10. The cube of a number

C. Write each mathematical expression/sentence into its equivalent English expression/sentence.

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 10

1. Angelo’s age in 5 years

4. The distance travelled by a man driving at the rate of 60 kph

8. The age of a woman 15 years ago

9. The perimeter of a rectangle whose length is twice the width

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 11

10. The sum of three consecutive even integers

Mathematics in the Modern World Page 12

1. All perfect squares are even numbers.

2. Every decimal number is a rational number.

4. Either x is divisible by 3 or it is not.

5. The sum of two real numbers is a real number.

10. The sine function is an odd function.

11. For all x > 0, |x| = x

13. The gcd (1, 2) is 2.

15. All squares are rectangles.

16. The square root of two is four.

8. 12, 5, 10, 3, _ , _