Pagkakaisa refers to the ultimate level of contact in which fusion, oneness, and trust exist.

Pagkakaisa is a Tagalog word that implies "oneness" or "unity.". National unity has been one of
the fundamental themes for nation building since the independence. The Philippines is frequently
cited as a model for civilizations that are deeply split along ethnic lines. The country is also one of
the few multicultural countries that has managed to stabilize ethnic conflict while maintaining
political stability (Jayasuria, 2010). What is our pre-Islamic and pre-Christian ancestry, buried in
our ethnic consciousness, myths and legends, arts and language, values and customs? According
to Francisco (2021), the most important thing to remember about our ethnic histories is that
highlanders and lowlanders have always been part of a single commercial community bound
together by supply and demand. Fish, salt, porcelain, ironwork, brasswork, and other trade
commodities were supplied by the lowlanders to the highlanders, who in turn traded forest products
including rattan, beeswax, resin, honey, rice, and gold. From the Ilocos to Sulu to Borneo and
beyond—to Malacca, Java, and the Malay Peninsula, and maybe as far as the Indian Ocean—the
lowlanders were in full trading touch with one another. According to Malenkamp (2005), the
islands were not part of a coherent nation with a common narrative based on social characteristics
like as class, gender, or race. Rather, the archipelago was home to a diverse range of stories, each
pushed, driven, and inspired by various socioeconomic and political circumstances.

In terms of pagkakaisa in dialects, the Philippines declared that the national policy to
intensify the conscious effort to develop a common vocabulary of the languages of the various
ethno-linguistic groups. This will eventually reduce divergences in perceptions, perspectives, and
value orientations, resulting in the creation of the most acceptable national language and literature.
As a result, a sense of national community and consciousness would emerge. This is demonstrated
by the development of Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Melayu, which have created a national
consciousness and pride without submerging the identities and individualities of the minority
languages while developing vocabularies drawn from all of the languages spoken in these countries
(Francisco, 2021).
 Civilizational discourse is also crucial and effective mechanisms/tools for developing
national unity that are more educational, methodical, and appropriate for a multi-cultural country
like Malaysia. (David, et al., 2009)

To conclude, the islands were not part of a coherent nation with a common narrative based
on social characteristics like as class, gender, or race (Chang, 2013). Rather, the archipelago was
home to a diverse range of stories, each pushed, driven, and inspired by various socioeconomic
and political circumstances.

Chang, Lee Wei. (2013). National Unity at the University Level: Importance of
Civilisational Dialogue and Way Forward.

Francisco, Juan. (2021). Philippine Society and Culture: Mechanisms For Strengthening
National Consciousness and Unity.

Jayasuria, Denison. (2010). National Unity Advisory Panel: Opportunities and challenge
in a multi-ethnic society.

Malenkamp, Iben T. (2005). Whose Nation? The Illusion of National Unity in the
Philippines.

Maya Khemlani David & Wendy Yee Mei Tien. (2009) ‘Conceptualization of Nationalism
through Language: An Analysis of Malaysian Situation’, Language in India, Vol. 9: 1 Jan
2009.