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Sample of Reporting
Sample of Reporting
Initial exploration of data identified two potential outlier – X from Y and X from Y. Hence,
these two participants were removed from the sample.
Subsequently, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test was conducted to determine whether the
data are normally distributed and the findings for all four variables (See Table 2 for results).
Financial self-efficacy (FSE) and financial management (FM) did not violate the assumption
of normality. While, family financial socialization (FFS) and financial knowledge (FK)
violated the assumption of normality using K-S test, subsequent Q-Q Plots show most of the
residuals fall along the straight line and does not deviate from the line. Thus, we can conclude
the data for both variables are normally distributed.
Table 2
Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) results for the outcome variables.
Variable Statistic df Sig.
AS .18 102 <.001
PAp .07 210 .016
MO .11 210 <.001
PAv .11 210 <.001
JS .15 108 <.001
Hypothesis testing
Table 2
Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson’s Correlations Matrix of Gender, Loneliness, Mental
Health and Perceived Academic Performance
Variables M SD 1 2 3 4
1. Gender ª - - -
2. Loneliness 12.51 5.03 .01 -
3. Mental Health 25.51 5.53 -.04 -.73** -
4. Perceived Academic 24.36 4.59 .12 -.32** .54** -
Performance
ª 1 = Male and 2 = Female
** p < 0.01, two-tailed; * p < 0.05, two-tailed