MODULE I

APPLYING QUALITY STANDARDS

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Systematize the characteristics of materials used in specific projects.
2. Recognize and identify fault identification and reporting working
procedure.
3. Understand quality standards and quality improvement.

LESSON I:
CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS USED IN SPECIFIC PROJECTS
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Relate material properties and process quality.
2. Enumerate factors that must be taken into consideration when
choosing the right material for their components and assemblies.

Factors that must be taken into consideration when choosing

the right material for their components and assemblies:

1. Selection of material

Material selection is one of the most

common tasks for design engineering.
The ability to assess the material’s impact
on the performance of a product is crucial
for reliable performance. Sometimes,
buyers are also considering the label or
name of the company which are
producing great quality of materials and
are known in the market. Examples are
the name HP for printer and Intel for
some computer hardware.

2. Testing of material
The testing of material properties is widely understood to be the
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key to obtaining data for a project, performing failure analysis, or
understanding material interactions. Material testing also provides
information on the quality of incoming and outgoing products.
Inspection test equipment and techniques are demonstrated for a
wide range of materials and assemblies during the class. This
provides the participants with both knowledge of the common
failure modes.

3. Cost of material
The cost of material is also considered when buying or
selecting materials for a specific project. The amount may vary
but never taken for granted the quality and the reliability of the
material. Will you buy material which is less expensive but
worst quality? Will you buy material which you cannot afford?
People look for places which can meet their standards and
right cost for materials to buy.

Characteristic of common materials for increased security is also a great factor

in the design and planning process. Evaluation of longevity criteria and
assessment of site environmental factors are vital to project planning.
Specific knowledge about the project and general common sense must dictate
design and material selection. Although many materials can offer enhanced
protection, often the most cost-efficient and readily available material that
provides reasonable life expectancy for the project must be considered.

Before planning and designing takes place, you should evaluate

the material options and system requirements. Teachers
should add several useful reference manuals to their libraries
such as installation of hardware, networking, troubleshooting
as well as basic PC Operation and Internet for additional
information that the students may used in their projects.

The characteristic of the materials to be used for specific project must

be:
a. of good quality
- This is the most important factor when

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 choosing materials to buy. Products with
good quality are long-lasting and safe to
use because you know that it follows
certain standards before being
commercialized.

b. reliable
- It means that you can be sure that it will
perform its function well, will operate
safely and will give the best it could give.

c. suitable for the application/purposes

- Choose the materials which are very
necessary to make the project possible.
Making a list of products/materials to buy
is a good trait of a wise consumer.
Products which are not to be used must
be crossed out.

d. low cost
- It doesn’t mean that you will choose for
the less expensive one and exclude the
quality. Low cost means you can afford to
buy the materials without hurting your
pocket and assure of better quality.

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LESSON II: FAULT IDENTIFICATION AND REPORTING

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Identify fault identification of quality standards.
2. Understand some things to be considered in the training
process, its methodology and feedback.

These are the things to be considered when:

A. Receiving Materials:

1. Match the packing slip to the items received and

ensures that the materials are destined on tour
department.
2. That you are receiving the materials indicated on the
purchase order with regard to quantity and discount.
3. That the materials are in acceptable condition.
4. That terms regarding installation and/or set-up of equipment
are met.

B. Receiving Reports

Whenever goods are received:

1. The person receiving the
goods must document, using
the administrative software,
that all goods were received for
each requisition before any
payment can be made to the
vendor.
2. Any exceptions must be
noted so that partial payments
can be processed or defective
goods can be returned.

C. Return of Merchandise
When merchandise is received which is incomplete or
defective, the supervisor will return the materials to the

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supplier or to the store where it was bought and make
arrangements with the vendor for replacement.

D. Make an Inventory Report of the Materials

All materials received must be listed and be reported to

monitor how many materials are already on hand,
purchased or damaged.

Effective management checks are an important means of

providing assurance of the integrity and security of the benefit
processes. They are also useful in identifying training needs;
indicating possible weaknesses in procedure and ensuring the
section meets its accuracy target set for Best Value
Performance Indicators purposes.

Methodology
The teacher will be the assessor. Students will be randomly
assigned that will: 1.) act as Quality Checker; 2.) responsible for
monitoring and coordinating the checking arrangements and;
3.) must generate reports when receiving the equipment.

The Quality checker will record the date of receipt, name of the
materials purchased, quantity, and official receipt number,
signature of the person who bought the materials and signed
his name afterwards. The Quality checker will identify if the
materials are in good condition or damage and /or needing for
replacements. This will also be recorded on his report.

Feedback
Once the Quality checker has completed all the reports, the
assessor will check if the Quality Checker provides all the data
needed in the report.

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Example of Log Report (to be completed by the Quality checker)

Qualit
Date O.R. # Item Quantity Signatur y
Received Name e Check
er

Example of Assessment of Materials Received (to be completed by

the Quality checker)
Quality Checker: Date:

Item Name Total no. Total no. Comments

in of Errors
Good
Condition

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LESSON 3: WORKPLACE PROCEDURE
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Relate material properties and process quality.
2. Enumerate factors that must be taken into consideration when
choosing the right material for their components and
assemblies.

Workplace Procedure is a set of written instructions that

identifies the health and safety issues that may arise from
the jobs and tasks that make up a system of work.

A safe working procedure should be written when:

 designing a new job or task

 changing a job or task
 introducing new equipment
 reviewing a procedure when problems have been
identified, example from an accident or incident
investigation

The safe working procedure should identify:

 the teacher for the task or job

and the students who will
undertake the task
 the tasks that are to be undertaken that
pose risks
 the equipment to be used in these tasks
 the control measures that have been
formulated for these tasks
 any training or qualification needed to
undertake the task
 the personal protective equipment to be
worn
 action to be undertaken to
address safety issues that may

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 arise while undertaking the task.

Following certain procedures is very important to perform a given

operation. The table below shows different elements and their
corresponding performance criteria to be able to identify occupational
health and safety hazards, and assess risk, as well as follow instructions
and procedure in the workplace with minimal supervision. The students
will also be capable of participating and contributing to OHS
management issues.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Identify hazards and  Identify hazards in the work area and during
assess risk. the performance of workplace duties.
 Assess level of risk

2. Follow procedures and  Report hazards in the work area to designated

strategies for risk control. personnel according to workplace procedures

 Follow workplace procedures and work

instructions for assessing and controlling
risks with minimal supervision.
 Whenever necessary, within the scope of
responsibilities and competencies, follow
workplace procedures for dealing with hazards
and incidents, fire and/or other emergencies.
3. Contribute to OHS in  Describe employee rights regarding
the workplace. consultation on OHS matters
 Raise task and/or job specific OHS issues
with appropriate people in accordance with
workplace procedures and relevant OHS
legislative requirements
 Contribute to participative arrangement for
OHS management in the workplace within
organizational procedures and the scope of
responsibilities and competencies
 Provide feedback to supervisor on hazards
in work area in line with organizational
OHS policies and procedures
 Provide support in implementing procedures
to control risks in accordance with
organizational procedures
4. Examples
Work instruction
of OHS may be:  Verbal Hazards identified
Written
issues which may - In English Problems encountered in
need to be raised by  Inmanaging
a community risks
language
associated with
workers with  hazards
Provided visually eg. video, OHS signs,
designated - symbolsClarification
and other pictorial, presentation,
on understanding ofetc.
personnel may OHS policies and procedures
5.Controlling
include: risks in the Application of the hierarchy of control, namely:
 Communication and consultation
work area may include:  Eliminate the risk
processes
 Reduce/minimise
Follow up onthereportsrisk through
and
Engineering
feedback. controls
 Administrative
Effectiveness controls
of risk controls in place
 Personal
Trainingprotective
needs equipment
6. Examples
Reports of identifying
contributions  Face to face
Recommendations on changes to work
workplace hazards
may include: may  Phone messages Notes
processes, equipment or practices
be verbal or written and  Memos
may include:  Listening to the ideas and opinions of
 Specially
others indesigned
the team report forms
 Sharing opinions, views, knowledge and 8|Page
skills Identifying and reporting
risks and hazards
 Using equipment according to guidelines and
operating manuals
TYPES AND WORK-RELATED ERRORS
A. Quantity of work (untimely completion, limited production)
1. Poor prioritizing, timing, scheduling
2. Lost time
 Tardiness, absenteeism, leaving without permission
 Excessive visiting, phone use, break time, use of the Internet
 Misuse of sick leave
3. Slow response to work requests, untimely completion of assignments
4. Preventable accidents
5. Customer/client dissatisfaction
6. Spoilage and/or waste of materials
7. Inappropriate or poor work methods

Work Behavior Which Result in Performance Problems

A. Inappropriate behavior (often referred to as "poor

attitude")
 Negativism, lack of cooperation, hostility
 Failure or refusal to follow instructions
 Unwillingness to take responsibility ("passing the
buck")
 Insubordination

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  Power games
o Resistance to change
 Unwillingness, refusal or inability to update skills
 Resistance to policy, procedure, work method changes
 Lack of flexibility in response to problems

B. Inappropriate interpersonal relations

 Inappropriate communication style: over-aggressive,

passive
 Impatient, inconsiderate, argumentative
 Destructive humor, sarcasm, horseplay, fighting
 Inappropriate conflict with others, customers,
co-workers, supervisors

C. Inappropriate physical behavior

 Smoking, eating, drinking in inappropriate places

 Sleeping on the job
 Alcohol or drug use
 Problems with personal hygiene
 Threatening, hostile, or intimidating behavior

LESSON 4: QUALITY STANDARDS

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Understand the different kinds of standard processes.
2. Practice quality standards in real life situation.

Standards are sets of rules that outline specification of

dimensions, design of operation, materials and performance, or
describe quality of materials, products or systems. These
standards should cover the performance expectations of the
product for particular applications. The intent of standards is
to provide at least minimum quality, safety or performance
specifications so as to ensure relatively uniform products and
performance, and to remove ambiguity as to the suitability of
certain commercial products for particular applications.
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Following standards may reduce the risk of error in working.

Specific quality standards for:

1. Hardware

The durability of the work depends on

the quality of its component parts and
the assembly skills of those who install it.
If the best-quality products or hardware are
used but are installed incorrectly, the system will be a failure.

The application of suitable hardware and products must be

supported by adequate levels of training of person who use
them so that they can identify and use only appropriate
products.

In judging a product or hardware, the person must consider

factors such as the following:
 Is the product or hardware under consideration
suitable for the application or purpose?
 Will it be harmful to the health of the community in its
normal use?
 Is there a risk of this hardware being released into
the environment (e.g. the water) in the first
instance or after the working life of the product or
hardware has expired?

2. Production Process
In production process, checking of quality assurance must be
highly considered. Quality assurance covers all activities from
design, development, production, installation, servicing and
documentation. This introduced the rules: "fit for purpose" and
"do it right the first time". It includes the regulation of the
quality of raw materials, assemblies, products and
components; services related to production; and management,

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production, and inspection processes.

A. FAILURE TESTING
A valuable process to perform on a whole consumer product is
failure testing, the operation of a product until it fails, often
under stresses such as increasing vibration, temperature and
humidity. This exposes many unanticipated weaknesses in a
product, and the data is used to drive engineering and
manufacturing process improvements.

B. STATISTICAL CONTROL
Many organizations use statistical process control to bring the
organization to Six Sigma.

C. COMPANY QUALITY
The company-wide quality approach places an emphasis
on three aspects:

1. Elements such as controls, job management,

adequate processes, performance and integrity
criteria and identification of records

2. Competence such as knowledge, skills, experience

and qualifications

3. Soft elements, such as personnel integrity,

confidence, organizational culture, motivation,
team spirit and quality relationships.

D. TOTAL QUALITY CONTROL

Total Quality Control is the most necessary inspection control
of all in cases where, despite statistical quality control
techniques or quality improvements implemented, sales
decrease.

As the most important factor had been ignored, a few refinements had
to be introduced:

a. Marketing had to carry out their work properly and define the

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 customer’s specifications.

b. Specifications had to be defined to conform to these

requirements.

c. Conformance to specifications i.e. drawings, standards

and other relevant documents, were introduced during
manufacturing, planning and control.

d. Management had to confirm all operators are equal to

the work imposed on them and holidays, celebrations
and disputes did not affect any of the quality levels.

e. Inspections and tests

were carried out, and all
components and
materials, bought in or
otherwise, conformed to
the specifications, and
the measuring
equipment was
accurate, this is the
responsibility of the
QA/QC department.

f. Any complaints received from the customers were

satisfactorily dealt with in a timely manner.

g. Feedback from the user/customer is used to review designs.

h. Consistent data recording and assessment and documentation

integrity.

i. Product and/or process change management and notification.

To conclude, the above forms are the basis from which the philosophy
of Quality Assurance has evolved, and the achievement of quality or
the “fitness-for-purpose” is “Quality Awareness” throughout the
company.

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 4. Final Product

Table 1.2.1 shows the Quality System Elements required by ISO 9000
in the making of the final product.

Table 1.2.2 Quality System Elements.

Quality System Contents
Requirements
1 Management responsibility Define and document commitment, policy and
objec- tives, responsibility and authority,
verification resources and personnel. Appoint a
management representative and conduct
regular reviews of the system
2 Quality system Establish and maintain a documented quality
system ensuring that products conform to specified
requirements
3 Contract Review Ensure that customer's contractual requirements
are evaluated and met
4 Product development Plan, control and verify product development to
ensure that specified requirements are met
5 Document control System for control and identification of all
documents regarding quality, e.g. procedures,
instructions, and specifications
6 Purchasing Ensure that purchased products conform to
specified requirements
7 Product identification and System to identify and control traceability of
traceability product at all stages from raw materials through
production to the final product as delivered to the
customer
8 Process control Ensure and plan the control of production which
direct- ly effects quality by documented work
instructions, monitoring and control
of processes
9 Inspection and testing Inspect and test incoming products, intermediate
and final product; establish product conformance to
specified requirements and identify non-conforming
pro- ducts; maintain inspection and test records
10 Inspection, measuring and Selection and control of equipment to ensure
test equipment reliability and accuracy in measuring data
11 Inspection and test status For the whole process the products shall be
identified and clearly marked concerning test
status, including indication of conformance or non-

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 conformance
12 Control of non- conforming Identification, documentation, evaluation, isolation
products (if possible) and disposition of non-conforming
products
13 Corrective actions Prevention of reoccurrence of failures (non-
conformance)
14 Handling, storage Protection of the quality of the product during
packaging and hand- ling, storage, packaging and delivery

delivery
15 Quality records
16 Internal Quality Audits
17 Training
18 Cleaning and Disinfection Although not required by the ISO 9000 standards,
19 Personal hygiene
Records, including those which demonstrate that
the specified requirements have been met, shall be
control- led and maintained
Regular, planned internal audits shall be carried out,
documented and recorded to verify the
effectiveness of the quality system
Training requirements at all levels shall be
identified and the training planned, conducted and
recorded
these two points should be given special attention in
all food companies

4. Customer Service
According to Turban et al, 2002, “Customer service is a series of
activities designed to enhance the level of customer’s satisfaction –
that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer’s
expectation”. Its importance varies by product, industry and
customer.

LESSON 5: QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Practice quality management.
2. Paraphrase and apply the different kinds of diagrams that is
essential to satisfy the given requirements for quality.

In technical usage, quality can have two meanings:

1. The characteristics of a product or service that bear on its

ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.

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 2. A product or service free of deficiencies.

The quality of a product or service refers to the perception of

the degree to which the product or service meets the
customer's expectations. Quality has no specific meaning
unless related to a specific function and/or object. Quality is a
perceptual, conditional and somewhat subjective attribute.

The dimensions of quality refer to the attributes that quality

achieves in

Operations Management:
Quality <-> Dependability <-> Speed <-> Flexibility <-> Cost

a) Quality supports dependability

b) Dependability supports Speed
c) Speed supports Flexibility
d) Flexibility supports Cost.

In the manufacturing industry it is commonly stated that “Quality

drives productivity.” Improved productivity is a source of greater
revenues, employment opportunities and technological advances. The
best way to think about quality is in process control. If the process is
under control, inspection is not necessary. However, there is one
characteristic of modern quality that is universal. In the past, when
we tried to improve quality, typically defined as producing fewer
defective parts, we did so at the expense of increased cost, increased
task time, longer cycle time, etc.

Quality Management Terms:

Quality Improvement can be distinguished from Quality Control in that
Quality Improvement is the purposeful change of a process to improve the
reliability of achieving an outcome.
Quality Control is the ongoing effort to maintain the integrity of a process
to maintain the reliability of achieving an outcome.
Quality Assurance is the planned or systematic actions necessary to
provide enough confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given
requirements for quality.

Quality and Task-Completion Checking

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With development teams of two or three in daily contact and
frequently exchanging views and criticisms, detailed, written quality
and task-completion checking procedures may be felt to be
unnecessary. Procedures still need to be agreed and the results need
to be documented. The need to check quality and task completion
applies at all stages of the development process but is underlined
especially during the prototype validation stages.

The importance of documenting checks applies whatever the size of

the team and whatever the complexity of the software. In the
production of assets, this may involve checking to confirm the
following:

a) that all the asset files listed in the product specification

document have been produced;
b) that files are correctly named;
c) that files are the correct
byte size or near the
projected file size
(examining the file-sizes
in a directory listing can
be helpful in identifying
problem files which are
either much too large or
much too small);

d) that files are the correct resolution (screen-size and bit- depth
in the case of graphics; duration, sampling frequency and bit-
depth in the case of sound files);

e) That the quality of files displaying on the target monitor or

heard on target listening equipment is acceptable.

Note that sampling is seldom a satisfactory checking method.

Checking should be exhaustive, unless for reasons of time or economy
this is impossible. Usually, however, trying to economize on checking
and testing is a false economy and cutting corners here will often
come back to haunt the development team. At the end of the day, all
files will need to be tested and, if at all possible, this should be done

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sooner rather than at a later trial stage.

Quality Improvement Processes

Manufacturers can choose from a variety of tools to improve their
quality processes. The trick is to know which tools to use for each
situation and increasing the sophistication of the tools in the
repertoire.

Easy to implement and follow up, the most commonly used and well-
known quality process is the plan/do/check/act (PDCA) cycle (Figure
1). Other processes are a takeoff of this method, much in the way that
computers today are takeoffs of the original IBM system. The PDCA
cycle promotes continuous improvement and should thus be
visualized as a spiral instead of a closed circle.

Another popular quality improvement process is the six-step PROFIT

model in which the acronym stands for:

P = Problem definition.

R = Root cause identification and analysis.

O = Optimal solution based on root cause(s).

F = Finalize how the corrective action will be implemented. I =

Implement the plan.

T = Track the effectiveness of the implementation and verify that the

desired results are met.

Once the basic problem-solving or quality improvement process is

understood, the addition of quality tools can make the process
proceed more quickly and systematically. Seven simple tools can be
used by any professional to ease the quality improvement process:
flowcharts, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams,
histograms, scatter diagrams, and control charts. (Some books
describe a graph instead of a flowchart as one of the seven tools.)

The key to successful problem resolution is the ability to identify the

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problem, use the appropriate tools based on the nature of the
problem, and communicate the solution quickly to others.
Inexperienced personnel might do best by starting with the Pareto
chart and the cause and effect diagram before tackling the use of the
other tools. Those two tools are used most widely by quality
improvement teams.

FLOWCHARTS

Flowcharts describe a process in as much detail as possible by

graphically displaying the steps in proper sequence. A good flowchart
should show all process steps under analysis by the quality
improvement team, identify critical process points for control,
suggest areas for further improvement, and help explain and solve a
problem.

Flowcharts can be simple, such as the one featured in Figure 2, or

they can be made up of numerous boxes, symbols, and if/then
directional steps. In more complex versions, flowcharts indicate the
process steps in the appropriate sequence, the conditions in those
steps, and the related constraints by using elements such as arrows,
yes/no choices, or if/then statements.

CHECK SHEETS
Check sheets help organize data by category. They show how
many times each particular value occurs, and their information is
increasingly helpful as more data are collected. More than 50
observations should be available to be charted for this tool to be really
useful. Check sheets minimize clerical work since the operator merely
adds a mark to the tally on the prepared sheet rather than writing out

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a figure (Figure 3). By showing the frequency of a particular defect
(e.g., in a molded part) and how often it occurs in a specific location,
check sheets help operators spot problems. The check sheet example
shows a list of molded part defects on a production line covering a
week's time. One can easily see where to set priorities based on
results shown on this check sheet. Assuming the production flow is
the same on each day, the part with the largest number of defects
carries the highest priority for correction.

Figure-3. Because it clearly organizes data, a check sheet is the easiest

way to track information.

PARETO DIAGRAMS
The Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto, a
19th-century Italian economist are caused by 20% of the
potential sources.

A Pareto diagram puts data in a hierarchical order (Figure 4),

which allows the most significant problems to be corrected
first. The Pareto analysis technique is used primarily to identify
and evaluate nonconformities, although it can summarize all
types of data. It is perhaps the diagram most often used in
management presentations.

To create a Pareto diagram, the operator collects

random data, regroups the categories in order of frequency,
and creates a bar graph based on the results.

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMS

The cause and effect diagram is sometimes called an Ishikawa
diagram after its inventor. It is also known as a fish bone
diagram because of its shape. A cause and effect diagram
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describes a relationship between variables. The undesirable
outcome is shown as effect, and related causes are shown
leading to, the said effect. This popular tool has one severe
limitation, however, in that users can overlook important,
complex interactions between causes. Thus, if a problem is
caused by a combination of factors, it is difficult to use this tool
to depict and solve it.

Figure 5. Fish bone diagrams display the various possible causes of the final effect.

A fish bone diagram displays all contributing factors and their

relationships to the outcome to identify areas where data
should be collected and analyzed. The major areas of potential
causes are shown as the main bones, Later, the subareas are
depicted. Thorough analysis of each cause can eliminate causes
one by one, and the most probable root cause can be selected
for corrective action. Quantitative information can also be used
to prioritize means for improvement, whether it be to machine,
design, or operator.

HISTOGRAMS
The histogram plots data in a frequency distribution table.
What distinguishes the histogram from a check sheet is that its
data are grouped into rows so that the identity of individual
values is lost. Commonly used to present quality improvement
data, histograms work best with small amounts of data that
vary considerably. When used in process capability studies,
histograms can display specification limits to show what
portion of the data does not meet the specifications.
After the raw data are collected,
they are grouped in value and
frequency and plotted in a
graphical form (Figure 6). A
histogram's shape shows the

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 nature of the distribution of the
data, as well as central tendency
(average) and variability.
Specification limits can be used
to display the capability of the
process.
Figure 6. A histogram is an easy way to see the
distribution of the data, its average, and
variability.

SCATTER DIAGRAMS
A scatter diagram shows how
two variables are related and is
thus used to test for cause and
effect relationships. It cannot
prove that one variable causes
the change in the other, only that
a relationship exists and how
strong it is. In a scatter diagram,
the horizontal (x) axis represents
the measurement values of one
variable, and the vertical (y) axis
represents the measurements of
the second variable. Figure 7
shows part clearance values on
the x-axis and the corresponding
quantitative measurement values
on the y-axis.

Figure 7. The plotted data points

in a scatter diagram show the
relationship between two
variables.

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 CONTROL CHARTS
Figure 8. Data points that fall outside the
upper and lower control limits leads to
investigation and correction of the process.
A control chart displays statistically
determined upper and lower limits drawn on
either side of a process average. This chart
shows if the collected data are within upper
and lower limits previously determined
through statistical calculations of raw data
from earlier trials (Figure 8).
In preparing a control chart, the mean upper
control limit (UCL) and lower control limit
(LCL) of an approved process and its data are
calculated. A blank control chart with mean
UCL and LCL with no data points is created;
data points are added as they are statistically
calculated from the raw data.
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 LEARNING ACTIVITY

EXERCISE 1.

I. Enumerate the following. Use a separate sheet of paper in

answering.

1. Give three factors to be considered when choosing the

right material?

2. Give three characteristic of materials to be used for

specific project?

II. What Good Quality means? Explain in not less than 5 sentences.

III. What is Workplace Procedure? Explain in not less than 5

sentences.

IV. Write QN if the statement affects the quantity of work and QL

if the statement affects the quality of work. Write your answer
on the space provided before each number.

1. Poor scheduling of work

2. Failure to meet expectations for product quality, cost
or service
3. Customer/client dissatisfaction
4. Preventable accidents
5. Misuse of sick leave
6. Tardiness
7. Slow response to work requests
8. Break time
9. Excessive visiting
10. Spoilage and/or waste of materials

V. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the

otherwise is wrong.

1. Poor attitude results in performance problem.

2. A safe working procedure should be written when
retrieving old tasks.
3. Preventable accidents may affect the quantity of work.
4. Following certain procedure is very important in
performing given operation or to a given event.
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 5. Safe working procedure should not identify the
tasks that are to be undertaken that pose risks.

6. Standards are set of rules that describe quality of

materials, product or system.

7. Quality assurance does not cover all the

activities from design, development, up to
documentation.

8. Customer service is a series of activities

designed to enhance the level of customer
satisfaction.

9. Customer service is not important in the company’s

customer value proposition.

10. The durability of the work do not depend on the skills of

those who install it.

EXERCISE II.

You are assigned to be the Quality checker for the Month. Make a Log Report,
and Assessment Report using the following data below. Make sure you will
record all the items listed and if they were in good condition or not. Write
your answer on a sheet of paper.

Example:

1. - June 9, 2008

- 5 Hard disk, 2 128MB SDRAM memory chips

- Received from Jun Salcedo (PC chain), OR #20256

- Found out that 1 Hard disk has error need for

replacement

2. -June 15, 2008

- Refill ink cartridge from STARINK Shop, OR# 5623

3. - June 20, 2008

- 10 PS/2 keyboard, 10 Optic mouse, 2 power supply

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 - Received from Allan Rivera (Octagon), OR#12544

- 3 defective keyboard need replacement

ASSIGNMENT

I. Define the following.

1.Quality
2.Flow Chart
3.Check Sheet
4.Pareto Diagram

II. As a Computer Hardware Servicing student, what tools are

appropriate in your industry?
Cut pictures of tools used in Computer Hardware Servicing and be
able to identify their functions.

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 MODULE II
OPERATE PERSONAL COMPUTER

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of module, you will be able to:
1. Determine the different parts of computer and its
functions.
2. Apply the proper use of a personal computer by
starting the PC, logging in, using and working with files,
folders and programs, saving work, and closing down
the PC.
3. Perform application programs that are useful
nowadays.

LESSON I: START THE COMPUTER

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Identify the computer and peripheral devices functions.
2. Integrate operating system features and functions.
3. Practice the proper logging in and logging off of the computer.

PARTS OF A COMPUTER
The main components include:
 System Unit
 Monitor
 Mouse
 Keyboard

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 System Unit

Computer Components

Inside the system unit are the printed circuit boards, memory,
disk, and fans that make the computer work.

System Unit - Front

On the outside of the system unit you will find lights, buttons and
connectors. Each model of computer will look slightly different, but
just like a car, every computer will have a way to perform the
functions you need.
Connectors are used to plug into power, computer
components (monitor, keyboard, mouse), and other
devices you will use to help your computer do useful
things. Typically at the front of the computer, you will
find:
1. USB Connectors – Used to connect devices like a flash
drive to the computer.
2. Power Button – Used to turn the
computer on (this is not used to turn the
computer off).
Following are examples of power buttons

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 3. Headphone Connector – Used to attach headphones to
the computer.
4. Microphone Connector – Used to attach a microphone to
the computer.
5. CD/DVD Drive Bay – Internal CD/DVD drive would be
installed here.

System Unit- Back

Typically at the back of the computer, you will find:

1. Fan
2. Power Plug Connector– Provides electricity to the computer
3. Headphone Connector
4. Microphone Connector
5. Keyboard Connector
6. Mouse Connector
7. Monitor Connector
8. USB Connectors – Used to connect devices like a flash drive to
the computer.
9. Network Port (for Internet access) Here is another view of the
commonly used connectors

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The system unit contains the processor (CPU), memory, and storage. When
comparing computers, these are often the numbers that are thrown
around.

The internal memory is used to hold an image of programs and data being
used while the computer is running. The hard disk is used to store
programs and information that is kept when the computer is turned off
so it is always available.

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In 2017, a typical PRC computer has a dual core CPU, 2 gigabytes
of internal memory and a disk with 80 or more gigabytes of
disk storage . A hard disk is inside the system unit, and looks
something like this:

Monitor
The monitor is a TV like device used to display text and graphics.
The monitor, like the System Unit, requires an AC power
connection and has an on/off button. In general, the monitor
will turn itself into low-power mode when the computer is
inactive or turned off, so the power button on the monitor
does not usually have to be turned off.

Following is a graphic showing the detail of the buttons on the monitor.

Mouse

The mouse is a pointing device used to point and select items that
appear on the monitor. The class will focus on details of mouse
usage in the next session.

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 Keyboard
The keyboard is used for entering letters, numbers, and punctuation.

CONNECTIONS
If USB is used, you can plug into any available USB port. The USB
port is rectangular, and fits in only one way. (Try flipping it
around if it doesn't slide in easily.) For the monitor, keyboard,
and mouse, if USB isn't used, the connections are color coded;
both the cord and the connector will be the same color. For
example the connector on the end of the monitor cord is blue;
it plugs-in to the blue connector on the back of the computer.
USB can also be used to connect other devices, including:
 Web camera
 Printer
 Phone (e.g. for transferring photos)
 External storage devices

Below is a picture of a small portable (flash/thumb) drive and a

larger external storage drive, both of which can plug into
the USB port and can be used for extra storage or moving
large files between computers.

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External Storage Drives

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Below is a picture of a printer.

One very important additional component is a surge protector to

prevent damage to the computer caused by electrical power
surges. Sensitive electronic computer components can easily
be damaged by the power surges generated by storms. Never
connect the computer directly to the wall outlet – always
connect it first to a surge protector.

Turning on the computer

If the computer is turned off, you need to press a button on the
system unit. To figure out if the system is off:
1. Check to see if a light on the monitor is on. If
not, push the power button on the monitor

2. Check to see if there is a light on the system

unit. If so, move your mouse or press the “shift” key
on the keyboard to bring the system out of
hibernation mode.
3. If there is no light on the system unit, locate
the power button on the system unit and press it
and release.

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 Once the light comes on the system unit, the monitor will display
the status of the system as it starts up. It takes some time,
about a minute usually, before the system is ready for you to
start using it.

When the system is done turning on, there will be a

message telling you to press Ctrl-Alt-Del to start
using the system. To log on to the system:

1. On the bottom of the keyboard, find the key marked

Ctrl. Press the key and hold it down with the middle
finger on your left hand while continuing with the
next step
2. On the bottom of the keyboard, find the key marked
Alt. Press the key and hold it down with the index
finger on your left hand while continuing with the
next step
3. In the upper right portion of the keyboard, find the
key marked Del. Tap the key with a finger on your
right hand, and then release the keys with your left
hand.
4. The screen will change and ask for User Name
and Password. On PRC computers, the User
name is student, and the password can be left
empty.
5. Press the Enter key (or you may click on the arrow).
At this point, the computer will do some more work,
bringing up the Windows desktop

Desktop
The following picture shows a Windows 10 desktop.

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 As the computer gets ready for use, the first thing you will see
displayed on the monitor is called the desktop. The desktop
is how you control the programs on your computer. The
desktop is made up of:
a. Desktop Background – The Desktop
Background is the picture that fills the
monitor screen.

b. Icons – Icons are the small pictures representing files or

programs.

c. Task Bar – The Task Bar is found at the bottom of the

desktop screen.

The Task Bar shows what programs are running on the

computer and provides access to all of the programs and
files on your computer, as well as information on the
status of the computer.

More details on this will follow in future class modules.

More on the Keyboard

The Computer Keyboard has all the letters in the
alphabet, the numbers, keys for punctuation, and
some special keys.

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 The Keyboard

Some of the most important special keys on the keyboard are:

a) Shift. Used to change lower case letters to upper case
letters, or to select the punctuation mark at the top of
the key. To use the shift key, press and hold it down
while striking the key with the letter or punctuation
you want.
b) Enter. Used to send the cursor to the next line or execute a
command or operation
c) Caps Lock. Puts the keyboard into a mode where
every letter is UPPER CASE. If you tap it a second time,
it will take it out of Caps Lock mode. There is a light
on keyboard showing if you are in Caps Lock mode
d) Backspace. When typing, it will delete the last
character you typed, or the character to the left of the
insertion point. It will also delete all selected
characters if you have some selected.
e) Delete. When typing, it will delete the character to the
right of the insertion point. It will also delete all
selected characters if you have some selected.
f) Ctrl & Alt. These are keys used in
combination with other keys to perform
keyboard shortcuts.
g) Tab. When typing, will move the cursor to the next
tab stop. On a pop-up or web form, it will move to
the next field.
h) Windows. This will open the start screen. If you tap
it again, it will close the start screen.
i) Esc. This can sometimes be used to cancel an action.
For example if you start to rename a file, and decide
you want to go back to the way it was, you can hit the
Esc key.

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 The arrow keys on to the right of the keyboard can move the cursor in a
document.

Desktops and Laptops

So far, we have talked about desktop computers, and their
components. Another option for computers is a laptop.

A laptop computer:
a. Combines the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse into
one unit
b. Instead of a mouse, a touchpad is often provided:

c. May contain built in speakers, microphone and web camera

d. Is smaller in size and weight
e. Is portable
f. Can run on AC or battery power. Note that the
lifetime of the battery is typically shorter than of the
laptop.
g. Typically cost more than a desktop computer
h. Due to density and issues with heat and dust, often
do not last as long as a desktop computer

Hardware vs. Software

Everything we have looked at so far in this module is called computer
hardware. Hardware is the things you can see and touch, like the monitor
and keyboard. Software is what allows the computer to do things with the
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 hardware. You may hear software referred to as “programs”. There are two
types of software:
a. Operating System
b. Application

Operating System
Operating System software tells the computer what to do and how to do it.
The operating system coordinates the interaction between the keyboard,
mouse and computer. Operating System software comes installed on the
computer. Windows is an example of operating system software. It includes
all the programs that work with the hardware and make it possible for the
application programs to use the mouse, monitor, disk, and USB devices.

Application Software
Application software is the programs installed on the computer
that let us do things we find useful. For example if you wanted
to write a letter you would need a word processing program.
Microsoft Word is an example of word processing application
software. Dropbox is an application that can be used for storing
and sharing files on an internet-cloud computer. Some
application software comes installed on the computer.
Additional software can be purchased/downloaded and
installed at any time.

Keyboard Practice
Everything we learn in this class will stay with you if you practice
it.
One of the things we need in order to use the computer effectively
is to be able to type. Some people can type very fast, and they
do that because they've practiced. The computers provided by
the PRC have a program to help you learn and practice typing.

Typing Tutor is a program which you can use to practice and improve your
typing speed and accuracy.

Computer Shutdown
When you are done using the computer you sometimes need to
turn it off. The proper way to do that is to shut down the
computer. Proper shutting down the computer ensures that
your work will be saved and no data will be lost. You do not
39 | P a g e
 want to press the power button or pull the plug on a
computer, because this can damage the computer.

To disconnect from the Remote Windows 10 machine, the

process will be similar, except that instead of clicking on the
power button and choosing Shut Down, you will click on the
user icon in the Start menu, and select the “Sign Out” option.

You can bring up the Start menu by clicking the Start icon in the
lower left corner of your taskbar, hovering your cursor over
the Start icon in the lower left corner of your taskbar, or by
hitting the Windows key on your keyboard.

From the Start Screen, there is an icon representing a power

button in the lower left-hand corner. Above that is the gear
icon for settings, and above that is the User icon for the
current user. If you click that, you will see options for Change
Account Settings, Lock, and Sign Out. If you are running
windows on your local computer, you will see options on the
Power Button for Sleep, Shut down, and Restart.

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LESSON 2: ARRANGE AND CUSTOMIZE DESKTOP DISPLAY/ GUI
SETTINGS
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1.Manage desktop screen or GUI elements.
2.Classify desktop icons of application programs.
3.Modify computer properties, icons and desktop settings.

The Desktop
The desktop is the main screen area that you see after you turn on your
computer and log on to Windows. Like the top of an actual desk, it
serves as a surface for your work. When you open programs or
folders, they appear on the desktop. You can also put things on the
desktop, such as files and folders, and arrange them however you
want.

The desktop is sometimes defined more broadly to include the taskbar

and Windows Sidebar. The taskbar sits at the bottom of your screen. It
shows you which programs are running and allows you to switch
between them. It also contains the Start button , which you can use
to access programs, folders, and computer settings. On the side of the
screen, Sidebar contains small programs called gadgets.

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 The desktop, taskbar, and Sidebar

Where did my desktop go?

Because programs run on top of the desktop, the desktop itself is often
partially or completely hidden. But it's still there, underneath
everything. To see the whole desktop without closing any of your
open programs or windows, click the Show Desktop button on the
taskbar. The desktop is revealed. Click the icon again to restore all of
your windows to the way they were.

Working with desktop icons

Icons are small pictures that represent files, folders, programs, and other
items. When you first start Windows, you'll see at least one icon on
your desktop: the Recycle Bin (more on that later). Your computer
manufacturer might have added other icons to the desktop. Some
examples of desktop icons are shown below.

Examples of desktop icons

Double-clicking a desktop icon starts or opens the item it represents. For

example, double-clicking the Internet Explorer icon starts Internet
Explorer.

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Adding and removing icons from the desktop
You can choose which icons appear on the desktop—you can add or
remove an icon at any time. Some people like a clean, uncluttered
desktop with few or no icons. Others place dozens of icons on their
desktop to give them quick access to frequently used programs, files,
and folders.

If you want easy access from the desktop to your favorite files or
programs, create shortcuts to them. A shortcut is an icon that
represents a link to an item, rather than the item itself. When you
double-click a shortcut, the item opens. If you delete a shortcut, only
the shortcut is removed, not the original item. You can identify
shortcuts by the arrow on their icon.

A folder icon (left) and a shortcut icon (right)

To add a shortcut to the desktop

Locate the item that you want to create a shortcut for (within Windows
Explorer, or your Computer folder, for example).
Right-click the item, click Send To, and then click Desktop (create
shortcut). The shortcut icon appears on your desktop.

To add or remove common desktop icons

Common desktop icons include Computer, your personal folder, Network,
the Recycle Bin, Internet Explorer, and Control Panel.

Right-click an empty area of the desktop, and then click Personalize.

In the left pane, click Change desktop icons.
Under Desktop icons, select the check box for each icon that you want to
add to the desktop, or clear the check box for each icon that you want
to remove from the desktop, and then click OK.

To move a file from a folder to the desktop

Open the folder that contains the file.
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Drag the file to the desktop.

To remove an icon from the desktop

Right-click the icon, and then click Delete. If the icon is a shortcut, only
the shortcut is removed; the original item is not deleted.

Moving icons around

Windows stacks icons in columns on the left side of the desktop. But
you're not stuck with that arrangement. You can move an icon by
dragging it to a new place on the desktop.
You can also have Windows automatically arrange your icons. Right-click
an empty area of the desktop, click View, and then click Auto Arrange.
Windows stacks your icons in the upper-left corner and locks them in
place. To unlock the icons so that you can move them again, click Auto
Arrange again, clearing the check mark next to it.

Note: By default, Windows spaces icons evenly on an invisible grid. To

place icons closer together or with more precision, turn off the grid.
Right-click an empty area of the desktop, click View, and then click
Align to Grid to clear the check mark. Repeat these steps to turn the
grid back on.

Selecting multiple icons

To move or delete a bunch of icons at once, you must first select all of
them. Click an empty area of the desktop and drag the mouse.
Surround the icons that you want to select with the rectangle that
appears. Then release the mouse button. Now you can drag the icons
as a group or delete them.

Select multiple desktop icons by dragging a rectangle around them

Hiding desktop icons

If you want to temporarily hide all of your desktop icons without actually
removing them, right-click an empty part of the desktop, click View,
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 and then click Show Desktop Icons to clear the check mark from that
option. Now no icons are displayed on the desktop. You can get them
back by clicking Show Desktop Icons again.

The Recycle Bin

When you delete a file or folder, it doesn't actually get deleted right away
—it goes to the Recycle Bin. That's a good thing, because if you ever
change your mind and decide you need a deleted file, you can get it
back.

The Recycle Bin when empty (left) and full (right)

If you're sure that you won't need the deleted items again, you can empty
the Recycle Bin. Doing that will permanently delete the items and
reclaim any disk space they were using.

Picking a desktop background

One of the easiest ways to personalize your computer is to change the
desktop background, also called the wallpaper. You can choose one of
the backgrounds provided with Windows, pick a favorite digital
picture from your own collection, or use a solid background color. You
can also find pictures on the Internet designed to be used as desktop
backgrounds.

Sample desktop backgrounds provided with Windows

To change the desktop background

Right-click on your desktop and choose Personalize.
Click the Desktop Background link.
Click the picture or color you want for your desktop background.
If the picture you want to use is not in the list of desktop background
45 | P a g e
 pictures, click Browse to search for the picture on your computer.
When you find the picture you want, double-click it. It will become
your desktop background and appear in the list of desktop
backgrounds.

Under How should the picture be positioned, choose to have the picture
fit the screen, tile, or be centered on the screen, and then click OK.

Note: If you choose to have a centered picture as your desktop

background, you can also have a color background to frame your
picture. Under How should the picture be positioned, click Change
background color, click a color, and then click OK.

Tip
You can make any picture on your computer your desktop background by
right-clicking the picture, and then clicking Set as Desktop
Background.

To change the theme to Windows Classic

Right-click on your desktop and choose Personalize.
Under Theme, select the Windows Classic theme in the drop-down list,
and then click OK.

LESSON 3: WORK WITH FILES AND FOLDERS

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Determine details and properties of files and folders.
2. Practice file and folder management.
3. Classify various files.

What are files and folders?

A file is very much like a typed document that you might find on someone's
desk or in a filing cabinet; it's an item that contains a collection of related
information. On a computer, examples of files include text documents,
spreadsheets, digital pictures, and even songs. Every picture you take with a
digital camera, for example, is a separate file, and a music CD might contain a
dozen individual song files.

Your computer represents files with icons. By looking at a file's icon, you can
46 | P a g e
tell at a glance what kind of file it is. Here are some common file icons:

You can tell what kind of file an icon represents by its appearance

A folder is little more than a container in which you can store files. If you put
thousands of paper files on someone's desk, it would be virtually impossible
to find any particular one when you needed it. That's why people often store
paper files in folders inside a filing cabinet. Arranging files into logical groups
makes it easy to locate any particular file.

Folders on your computer work exactly the same way. This is what a typical
folder icon looks like:

An empty folder (left); a folder containing files (right)

Not only do folders hold files, but they also can hold other folders. A folder
within a folder is usually called a subfolder. You can create any number of
subfolders, and each can hold any number of files and additional subfolders.

How Windows organizes your files and folders

When it comes to getting organized, you don't need to start from scratch.
Windows comes with a handful of common folders that you can use as
anchors to begin organizing your files. Here's a list of some of the most
common folders you can store your files and folders in:
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   Documents. Use this folder to store your word-processing files,
• spreadsheets, presentations, and other business-oriented files.
  Pictures. Use this folder to store all of your digital pictures,
• whether you get them from your camera, scanner, or in e-mail
from other people.
  Music. Use this folder to store all of your digital music, such as
• songs that you copy from an audio CD or download from the
Internet.
  Videos. Use this folder to store your videos, such as clips from
• your digital camera, camcorder, or video files that you download
from the Internet.
  Downloads. Use this folder to store files and programs that you
• download from the web.

There are many ways to find these folders. The easiest method is to open the
personal folder, which gathers all of your common folders in one place. The
personal folder isn't actually called "personal"—it's labeled with the user
name that you used to log on to the computer. To open it, click the Start
button , and then click your user name at the top of the Start menu's right
pane.
You can open common folders from the Start menu
You can also find the Documents, Pictures, and Music folders in the Start
menu, just below your personal folder.

Remember that you can create subfolders inside any of these folders to help
you better organize your files. In the Pictures folder, for example, you might
create subfolders to organize pictures by date, by event, by the names of
people in the pictures, or by any other scheme that helps you work more
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efficiently.

Understanding the parts of a folder

When you open a folder on the desktop, a folder window appears. In addition
to showing the contents of the folder, a folder window has a variety of parts
that are designed to help you navigate around Windows or work with files
and folders more easily. Here is a typical folder and each of its parts:

The Documents folder

Address bar
Use the Address bar to navigate to a different folder without closing the
current folder window. For more information, see Navigate using the
Address bar.

Back and Forward buttons

Use the Back and Forward buttons to navigate to other folders you have
already opened without closing the current window. These buttons work in
conjunction with the Address bar; after you use the Address bar to change
folders, for example, you can use the Back button to return to the original
folder.

The Search box

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Type a word or phrase in the Search box to look for a file or subfolder stored
in the current folder. The search begins as soon as you begin typing, so as you
type B, for example, all the files that start with the letter B will appear in the
folder's file list. For more information, see Find a file or folder.

Toolbar
The toolbar allows you to perform common tasks, such as changing the
appearance of your files and folders, copying files to a CD, or starting a digital
picture slide show. The toolbar's buttons change to show only the commands
that are useful. For example, if you click a picture file, the toolbar shows
different buttons than it would if you clicked a music file.

Navigation pane
Like the Address bar, the Navigation pane lets you change the view to other
folders. The Favorite links section makes it easy to change to a common
folder or start a search that you previously saved. If you often go to the same
folder, you can drag that folder to the Navigation pane to make it one of your
own favorite links. For more information, see Working with the Navigation
pane.

File list
This is where the contents of the current folder are displayed. If you typed in
the Search box to find a file, only the files that match your search will appear.
For more information, see Tips for finding files.

Column headings
Use the column headings to change how the files in the file list are organized.
You can sort, group, or stack the files in the current view. For more
information, see Tips for finding files.

Details pane
The Details pane shows the most common properties associated with the
selected file. File properties are information about a file, such as the author,
the date you last changed the file, and any descriptive tags you might have
added to the file. For more information, see Add tags or other properties to
files.

Preview pane
Use the Preview pane to see the contents of many kinds of files. If you select
an e-mail message, text file, or picture, for example, you can see its contents
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without opening it in a program. The Preview pane is not displayed by
default in most folders. To see it, click the Organize button on the toolbar,
click Layout, and then click Preview pane.
Viewing your files in a folder
When you open a folder and see your files, you might prefer larger (or
smaller) icons, or an arrangement that lets you see different kinds of
information about each file. To make these kinds of changes, use the Views
button in the toolbar.

Each time you click the Views button, the folder window changes the way it
displays your file and folder icons, alternating between large icons, a smaller
icon view called Tiles, and a view called Details that shows several columns
of information about the file.

If you click the arrow next to the Views button, you have even more choices.
Drag the slider up or down to fine-tune the size of the file and folder icons.
You can see the icons change size as you move the slider.

The Views options

Finding your files

When you need to find a particular file, you'll often know that it's located
somewhere in a common folder like Documents or Pictures. Unfortunately,
actually locating the file you want might mean browsing through hundreds of
files and subfolders— not an easy task. To save yourself time and effort, use
the Search box to find your file.

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 The Search box

The Search box is located at the top of every folder. To find a file, open the
folder that contains the file you are looking for, click the Search box, and start
typing. The Search box filters the current view based on the text that you
type. Files are displayed as search results if your search term matches the
file's name, tags, or other file properties. Text documents are displayed if the
search term occurs in any of the text inside the document. Your search looks
in the current folder as well as all subfolders.

If you have no idea where to look for a file, you can expand your search to
include the entire computer, not just a single folder. For more information,
see Find a file or folder.

Copying and moving files and folders

Occasionally, you might want to change where files are stored on your
computer. You might want to move files to a different folder, for example, or
copy them to removable media (such as CDs or memory cards) to share with
another person.

Most people copy and move files using a method called drag and drop. Start
by opening the folder that contains the file or folder you want to move. Then
open the folder where you want to move it to. Position the folder windows on
the desktop so you can see the contents of both of them.

Next, drag the file or folder from the first folder to the second folder. That's
all there is to it.

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To copy or move a file, drag it from one folder to another

When using the drag-and-drop method, you might notice that sometimes the
file or folder is copied, and at other times it is moved. Why is that? If you are
dragging an item between folders that are on the same hard drive, then the
items are moved so two copies of the same file or folder aren't created on the
same hard drive. If you drag the item to a folder that's on a different hard
drive (such as a network location, for example) or to removable media like a
CD, then the item is copied. That way the file or folder isn't removed from its
original location.

For more information about copying and moving files, see Moving and
copying files by using the drag-and-drop method.

Creating and deleting files

The most common way to create new files is by using a program. For
example, you can create a text document in a word processing program or a
movie file in a video editing program.

Some programs create a file when you open them. When you open WordPad,
for example, it starts with a blank page. This represents an empty (and
unsaved) file. Start typing, and when you are ready to save your work, click
File in the menu bar and then click Save As. In the dialog box that appears,
type a file name that will help you find the file again in the future, and then
click Save.

By default, most programs save files in common folders like Documents,

Pictures, and Music, which makes it easy to find the files again next time. For
more information on creating new files, see Save a file.

When you no longer need a file, you can remove it from your computer's
hard disk to save space and keep your computer from getting cluttered with
unwanted files. To delete a file, open the folder that contains the file and then
select the file. Press DELETE and then, in the Delete File dialog box, click
Yes.

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When you delete a file, it's temporarily stored in the Recycle Bin. Think of the
Recycle Bin as a safety folder that allows you to recover files or folders that
you deleted accidentally. Occasionally, you should empty the Recycle Bin to
reclaim all of the hard disk space being used by your unwanted files. To learn
how to empty the Recycle Bin, see Permanently delete files from the Recycle
Bin.

Opening an existing file

To open a file, double-click it. The file will open in the program that you used
to create or edit it. If it's a text file, for example, it will open in your word-
processing program.

That's not always the case, though. Double-clicking a digital picture, for
example, will usually open a picture viewer. To actually edit the picture, you
need to use a different program. Right-click the file, click Open With, and
then click the name of the program that you want to use.

LESSON 4: WORK WITH USER APPLICATION PROGRAMS

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Understand management of application software.
2. Apply Installation of application programs in the computer.

Installing software on your Windows PC

Your computer allows you to do some really amazing things. Digital photo
editing, sophisticated computer gaming, video streaming—all of these things
are possible because of different types of software. Developers are always
creating new software applications, which allow you to do even more with
your computer.

Installing from a CD-ROM

From the mid-1990s through the late 2000s, the most common way to get
new software was to purchase a CD-ROM. You could then insert the disc, and
the computer would walk you through the installation.

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Now, almost all software has moved away from this model. Many new
computers no longer include a CD-ROM for this reason. However, if you do
need to install software from a CD-ROM, simply insert the disc into your
computer, then follow the instructions.

Installing software from the Web

Today, the most common way to get new software is to download it from the
Internet. Applications like Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop can now be
purchased and downloaded right to your computer. You can also install free
software this way. For example, if you wanted to install the Google Chrome
web browser, you can visit this page and click the Download button.

The installation file will be saved to your computer in .exe format.

Pronounced dot e-x-e, this is the standard extension for installation files on
Windows computers. You can follow the steps below to install an application
from an .exe file.

1. Locate and download an .exe file.

2. Locate and double-click the .exe file. (It will usually be

in your Downloads folder.)

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 3. A dialog box will appear. Follow the instructions to
install the software.

4. The software will be installed. You can now open the

application from the Start menu (Windows 7) or the Start
Screen (Windows 8).

Tips for finding software

In our experience, the easiest way to find new software is to search the Web.
For example, if you were looking for a way to edit some personal photos on
your computer, you could run a Google search for free photo-editing
software. If you're not exactly sure what kind of software you're looking for,
try describing the tasks you want to complete. For example, if you wanted a
way to create to-do lists and organize your appointments, you might search
for something like free calendar organizer software.

The Windows Store

If you're using Windows 8, you can download and install software from the
Windows Store. The Windows Store is meant to simplify the process of

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locating and installing software from third-party developers—when you find
an app in the Windows store, you won't have to do any extra work to install
it.

How to update your software

Keeping your software up to date is a crucial practice in Internet safety. Most
software updates automatically by default, but you should know how to
check the updates and begin the process yourself. Knowing how to keep your
software updated can improve your computer's stability and security and let
you know about new features, helping you be an informed and empowered
user.

 You can read more about Internet safety practices here.

Update your operating system

Keeping your operating system updated is one of the most important steps in
protecting yourself from viruses, malware, and other Internet security
threats.

Windows
To update Windows, first open the Control Panel. If you don't know where
the Control Panel is, check out this lesson in Windows Basics. In the search
bar in the Control Panel, type update. Under Windows Update, click Check for
updates.

It may take a moment for Windows to search for updates. Once it does, if
there are any updates available it will prompt you to install them.

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It may take a while to install all the updates. It's safe to leave the computer
and do something else while it finishes. Once it's done, Windows will
probably prompt you to restart the computer. If you need to do anything else
after this, Windows will prompt you; otherwise, you're up to date!

Update your apps

For many apps, regular updates provide new features and stability rather
than security patches, so it isn't necessary to update them as frequently.
However, for more essential software like web browsers and antivirus
software, security updates are just as critical as operating system updates.

Many apps in both macOS and Windows will automatically check for updates
when you open them. If you installed them through the App Store or another
distribution platform, the program will alert you about updates. For
standalone programs, take time to explore the program's menus and learn
how to run the update process.

For example, in Avast! Free Antivirus, there is an Update page on the Settings
screen.

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LESSON 5: PRINT INFORMATION

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Understand how printer added or installed to your computer.
2. Ensured correct printer settings and how default printer is
assigned accordingly
3. Experiment information or document is printed on the
installed printer

Printing a document in Microsoft Word 2010

With Microsoft Word 2010 open, your will need to click on the File tab
at the top-left of the ribbon (The File tab will be highlighted BLUE:

Next, you will need to click the Print button located in the Left Menu.

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Next, the print options screen will be displayed. On this page, you can
select the number of copies (Red), page orientation (Blue), margins
(Orange), and more. When finished, click the Print button (Green) to
the top-left of your screen.

You will receive a confirmation pop-up at the bottom-right of your

desktop to notify you that the print was successful.

Printing a document in Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

With Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 open, your will need to click on the File
tab at the top-left of the ribbon (The File

tab will be highlighted RED:

Next, you will need to click the Print button located in the Left Menu.

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Next, the print options screen will be displayed. On this page, you can
select how many slide per page *NOTE-This is how students would print
handout and notes pages! (ORANGE), Color scheme (BLUE), the number of
copies (RED), and more. Click the Print button (GREEN) to print your
presentation.

You will receive a confirmation pop-up at the bottom-right of your

desktop to notify you that the print was successful.

Printing a PDF Document from the Web

To print a PDF document from the web, first you must open the
document by clicking the hyperlink to the document (We are going
to print a PDF inside our DSCC online class.

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The PDF document will open in your browser window.

To properly print the PDF file, you will need to hover your mouse at the
bottom of the document. If done properly, a gray menu bar will appear.
You will need to click the Print icon on the gray menu bar.

The Print window will open. On this window you have the ability to
change the number of copies (RED), which pages to print (BLUE), and
other typical printer settings (Page Setup, ORANGE).

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Click the OK button to start printing the PDF document (GREEN).

A progress bar will appear. Your document will begin to print once this
window reaches 100% and closes.

You will receive a confirmation pop-up at the bottom-right of your

desktop to notify you that the print was successful.

Printing a PDF Document in Adobe Reader®

To print a PDF document using Adobe Reader®, you must have the PDF
open and click the Print button at the top- left of the Menu Bar

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 The Print window will open. On this window you have the ability to
change the number of copies (RED), which pages to print (BLUE), and
other typical printer settings (Page Setup, ORANGE).

Click the OK button to start printing the PDF document (GREEN).

A progress bar will

appear. Your
document will
begin to print
once this window
reaches 100% and
closes.

You will receive a confirmation pop-up at the bottom-right of your

desktop to notify you that the print was successful.

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 Printing Text from a Web Site Using Mozilla Firefox
Once you are on the web site you wish to print information from, you can
select the portion of the page you wish to print by:
(1) Left-clicking, with your mouse, at the point you wish to
start copying from
(2) Holding your Left-click and moving your mouse to highlight
(select) the text you wish to print.
(3)

Next, you will need to click on File at the top-left of your menu bar. Click on
Print (RED) to open the Print Menu.

Next, the Print Menu will

open.

On this screen you

will need to click
Selection if you only
want to print the

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 area you highlighted
in the previous steps
(RED).

If you wish to print the

entire web page, select
All in the Print range
options (GREEN).

You can print a specific page or range by selecting Pages and entering
the desired range (PURPLE).

You can also determine the number of copies (BLUE).

Click OK to print the information from the web site (ORANGE).

A Progress bar will display that shows the status of the print.

If your print is successful, you will receive a pop up message in the

notification area of your Windows Taskbar.

Printing Text from a Web Site Using Internet Explorer

Once you are on the web site you wish to print information from, you can
select the portion of the page you wish to print by:
(1) Left-clicking, with your mouse, at the point you wish to
start copying from
(2) Holding your Left-click and moving your mouse to highlight
(select) the text you wish to print.
(3)

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Next, you can click on the Print button to print the entire web site.

Also, you can click

the arrow to the
right of the Print
button (RED), and
click Print (BLUE) to
open the Print Menu
for more options.

Next, the Print Menu

will open.

On this screen you

will need to click
Selection if you only
want to print the
area you highlighted
in the previous steps
(RED).

If you wish to print the

entire web page, select
All in the Print range
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 options (GREEN).
You can print a specific page or range by selecting Pages and entering the
desired range (PURPLE).

You can also determine the number of copies (BLUE).

Click OK to print the information from the website (ORANGE).
If your print is successful, you will receive a pop up message in the
notification area of your Windows Taskbar.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

EXERCISE 1
Direction: Read the following questions carefully. Prepare other sheets for
your answer.

A. IDENTIFICATION
1. A TV like device used to display text and graphics.
2. A pointing device used to point and select items that appear on the
monitor.
3. It is used for entering letters, numbers, and punctuation.
4. It shows what programs are running on the computer and
provides access to all of the programs and files on your
computer, as well as information on the status of the computer.
5. It has all the letters in the alphabet, the numbers, keys for
punctuation, and some special keys.
6. Used to change lower case letters to upper case letters, or to select the
punctuation mark at the top of the key.
7. Puts the keyboard into a mode where every letter is UPPER CASE.
8. Used to send the cursor to the next line or execute a command or
operation.
9. It coordinates the interaction between the keyboard, mouse and
computer.
10. The programs installed on the computer that let us do things we find
useful.
11. The main screen area that you see after you turn on your computer
and log on to Windows.
12. It is little more than a container in which you can store files.

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 13. Use this folder to store your videos, such as clips from your digital
camera, camcorder, or video files that you download from the
Internet.
14. Use this folder to store your word-processing files, spreadsheets,
presentations, and other business-oriented files.
15. Use this folder to store files and programs that you download from the
web.
16. Allows you to perform common tasks, such as changing the
appearance of your files and folders, copying files to a CD, or starting a
digital picture slide show.
17. This is where the contents of the current folder are displayed.
18. This is an output device produces output.
19. Use to input text in the computer monitor.
20. A mechanical device used to store, edit, save documents.

B. FILL IN THE BLANK

Fill in the blank with the correct answer from the box. Some may be used
more than once or not at all.

GUI icon Recycle Bin Start Menu

task bar windows tool bar
scroll bar wallpaper title bar

1. You put things in the that you no longer need or

want.

2. A uses graphics or pictures to help the user

navigate and access programs.

3. The Start Menu and clock are found on the .

4. An is a small picture that links to a file or program.

5. At the top of each window, the contains the title

and buttons to close, minimize and resize.

6. Moving the up or down allows you to see all of the

information in a window.

7. Programs and applications run inside that can be

opened, closed or resized.

8. The is like a backdrop on your desktop that can be

changed.

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 9. Found below the menu bar in some windows, the
contains icons or options that allow you to perform specific
tasks.

10. The contains basic operations such as run, shut

down, log off and find.

EXERCISE 2- ESSAY
Direction: Discuss the following with the best of your ability. Minimum of
five sentences.

GRADING RUBRIC:
 No answer (0 pts)
 Was able to cite one or two correct answer or example (1-3 pts)
 Was able to cite three or four correct answers or example (4-7 pts)
 Has written the correct answer in an organize manner (8-10)

1. How does a computer work?

2. Describe computer use in daily life.
3. Explain functions of hardware.
4. How to print a document in an Adobe Acrobat?
5. Explain how print is important to our daily lives.

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 REFERENCES

"Opnav Instruction 4790.16: Condition Based Maintenance". US Navy

Operations. Archived from the original on 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2012-08-15.

"Opnav Instruction 4790.7: Maintenance Policy for United States Navy Ships".
US Navy Operations. Archived from the original on 2013-02-15.
Retrieved 2012-08-15.

https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/the-college-of-st-scholastica/
information-systems/lecture-notes/module-1-applying-quality-standard/
4290684/view

https://www.slideshare.net/BongBandola/applying-qualitystandard-css-
85792577

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http://docshare03.docshare.tips/files/19289/192897594.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_reporting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_work_procedure

https://www.iau.edu.sa/sites/default/files/content-box/
ict_policies_procedures_-v6.0.pdf

https://ppr.qed.qld.gov.au/corp/ict/Pages/default.aspx

https://www.nqa.com/en-ph/certification/sectors/information-technology

http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/
pdf/ICT-Standards-and-competencies.pdf

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